考研中医综合-中药学(二十三)

1、中医综合-中药学（二十三）(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Section I Use of English(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Culture is activity of thought, and receptiveness to beauty and human feeling. (1) of information have nothing to do with it. A merely well-informed man is the most useless (2) on Gods earth.What we should (3) at producing i

2、s men who (4) both culture and expert knowledge in some special direction. Their expert knowledge will give them the ground to start (5), and their culture willlead them as (6) as philosophy and as high as (7) We have to remember that the valuable (8) development is self-development, and that it (9)

3、 takes place between the ages of sixteen and thirty. As to training, the most important part is given by mothers before the age of twelve.In training a child to activity of thought, above all things we must (10) of what I will callinert ideasthat is to say, ideas that are merely (11) into the mind w

4、ithout being (12),or tested, or thrown into fresh combinations.In the history of education, the most (13) phenomenon is that schools of learning, which at one epoch are alive with a craze for genius, in a (14) generation exhibit merely pedantry and routine. The reason is that they are overlade with

5、inert ideas. Except at (15) intervals of intellectual motivation, education in the past has been radically (16) with inert ideas. That is the reason why (17) clever women, who have seen much of the world, are in middle life so much the most cultured part of the community. They have been saved from t

6、his horrible (18) of inert ideas. Every intellectual revolution which has ever stirred humanity (19) greatness has been a (20) protestagainst inert ideas.(分数：10.00)(1) .A Chips B Scraps C Fractions D Plates(分数：0.50 )A.B. VC.D.解析：考核知识点名词辨析解析B项scrap意为“碎片、零屑、小块”，常含有“废品、破烂”的意味，常用于短语“ scraps of ” 中。根据原文：

7、“ havenothing to do with it，可见这种零碎的信息是无用的、废弃的信息，所以选择“scraps . of。而选项 A chip指从木头、玻璃、石头等物质上削下或碰下来的碎片，体积很小”，C项“ fractions碎片，小部分，一点儿；分数”， D项“ plate 多指面积大的，薄而平的金属板或玻璃板，常作建筑材料，机器部件或保护物”。均不符合题意。(2) .A bore B irony C snob D gut(分数：0.50 )A. VB.C.D.解析：考核知识点上下文语义关系解析根据原文，A项“bore”与上文提到的“ human通人情的”形成对比。而选项B “反语

8、；讽刺”，C项“势利小人，谄上欺下的人；自命不凡者”，D项“消化道，肠道，胃，肚子，内脏”均不符合题意。.A point B aim C clutch D snap(分数：0.50 )A.B. VC.D.解析： 考核知识点 词组搭配 解析 B 项“ aim at doing 目的在于；旨在”。根据原文第一句“ Culture is activity of thought ， and receptiveuess to beauty and human feeling ”，此处与之形成一种呼应，进一步论证学习文化的目的。而选项A point at/to 指向，表明，C项“clutch（at）sb

9、. /sth .（因害怕或痛苦）突然抓住”，D项“snap out of迅速从中恢复过来；snap up抢购；抢先弄到手均不符合题意。（4）.A identify B occupy C possess D ensure（分数： 0.50 ）A.B.C. VD.解析： 考核知识点 动词辨析“possess”。而选项 A “识别，鉴别; 占用；占据，占领；使忙碌，使从事”，解析根据原文意思：“人既应 文化，又应在某些领域 专业知识”，所以选择B 项“占，identify with 把和看成一样，打成一片”，分数： 0.50 ）D 项“确保，保证”均不符合题意。(5) .A with B from

10、C into D beyondA.B. VC.D.解析： 考核知识点 词组搭配解析根据原文，“ start from”与“ground”形成搭配，即：“他们拥有的专业知识将给他们创建一个 开始的平台”，所以选择“ from”。而选项 A、C D均不符合原文意思。（6）.A linear B deep C militant D odd（分数： 0.50）A.B. VC.D.解析： 考核知识点 上下文语义关系解析 根据文章第一句中的“ thou ght 思想”和原文意思“他们拥有的文化将引领他们 （的思想 ）深入到哲 学领域和艺术领域”，所以选择“ deep”。而选项A、C D均不符合原文意思。（

11、7）.A zoom B art C rap D poll（分数： 0.50）A.B. VC.D.解析： 考核知识点 上下文语义关系 +名词辨析 解析 根据文章一致性原则，“ art ”与文章第一句中的“ beauty 美丽；美的事物”形成呼应。故本题的 正确答案应是B项。而选项A、C D均是本题的干扰，不符合题意。（8）.A rational B physiological C divine D intellectual（分数： 0.50 ）A.B.C.D. V解析： 考核知识点 上下文语义关系 +形容词辨析思想”和“ philosophy 哲学”形成呼应。故 DB项“生理（上）的”，C项“神

12、圣的；非凡的；（分数： 0.50 ） 解析 根据文章的一致性，“ intellectual ”与“ thought 项为正确答案。而选项 A “理智的；合理的；有理性的”， 神的”均不符合题意。（9）.A mostly B randomly C seldom D regularlyA. VB.C.D.解析： 考核知识点 语义逻辑 解析 根据本句中的“ between the age of sixteen and thirty ”以及第三段的“ in middle life so much the most”，可见这种情况“主要”发生在 16岁到30岁之间，故A项符合题意，为正确答案。而选项B、

13、C D均不符合题意。(10) .A beware B dispose C ensure D boast(分数： 0.50 )A. VB.C.D.解析： 考核知识点 短语搭配 解析 A 项“ beware of 注意；当心；小心”。“ beware of ”与上文提到的“ receptiveness 接受”以及 下文提出的Ineilideas内心思想”形成一种搭配， 表达的是一种心理状态，A项符合题意，为正确答案。而选项B dispose of处理，处置；dispose for布置，安排”，C项“确保，保证”，D项“ boast of/about自夸，夸耀”均不符合题意。分数： 0.50)接受”

14、构成一致性， B 项符合题(11) .A contained B received C squeezed D embeddedA.B. VC.D.解析： 考核知识点 语义逻辑 +动词辨析 解析 根据文章一致性原则，“ receive ”与上文提到的“ reeeptiveness 意，为正确答案。而选项 A、C D均不形成一致性不符合题意。(12) .A utilized B assessed C gauged D gearedA. VB.C.D.解析： 考核知识点 上下文语义关系 解析 根据上下文，“utilize ”与上文提到的“ useless为正确答案。而选项 B、C D均不符合原文意思

15、。(13) .A integral B classical C obscure D strikingA.B.C.D. V解析： 考核知识点 形容词词义辨析解析 根据下文的论述内容可知，这是一种“惊人的”“(分数： 0.50)无用的；无益的”形成对比，A项符合语义关系，(分数： 0.50)phenomenon现象)”，所以选择“ striking ，故D项为正确答案。而选项A、B、C三项均不符合原文意思。(14) .A succeeding B preceding C accompanying D emerging(分数： 0.50)A. VB.C.D.解析： 考核知识点 形容词词义辨析解析 根

16、据文章一致性原则，“ succeeding generation ”与上文提到的“ at one epoch ”形成呼应，故 本题的正确答案是 A项。而选项B、C D均不符合题意。（15）.A rare B minor C scarce D regular （分数： 0.50 ）A. VB.C.D.解析： 考核知识点 语义逻辑解析根据上下文意思：“原因是他们的内心思想负担太多了。除了在少有的智力动机的间缝里，” 所以选择“ rare ”，故A项为正确答案。而选项 B、C D均不符合原文意思。（16）.A infected B influenced C instructed D endowed（

17、分数： 0.50 ）A. VB.C.D.解析： 考核知识点 语义逻辑 解析 根据原文意思：“在过去，教育基本上是受内心思想感染的。”而且作者在这里表达的是一种消极 的态度，所以选择“infect ”，故 A项为正确答案。而选项 B多指对某人的思想、行为、性格等产生的潜 移默化的、使之逐渐改变的影响”，选项C“instmct 正式用词，强调系统、详细、精心地传授专门化的知识”，选项 D “endow with给予，赋予，认为具有某种物质”，均不符合原文意思。（17）.A unrefined B unintended C unrestrained D uneducated（分数： 0.50 ）A.

18、B.C.D. V解析： 考核知识点 形容词词义辨析解析根据上下文，“unedueated与上文提到的“ edtlcation教育”和“ training训练；培训；锻炼”形成对比，故D项符合原文意思，为正确答案。而选项A、B、C均不形成对比，不符合题意。（18）.A load B burden C gap D span（分数： 0.50 ）A.B. VC.D.解析： 考核知识点 名词辨析解析根据文章一致性原则，“ burden “与“are overladen with负担过重的；负担过多的”构成呼应， 故选项B为正确答案。而选项 A “load装载（量），负荷（量）；（一）担，（一）车；原文

19、指车、船、飞机、人 或动物的负荷物，引申义指工作或精神上的负担，未必很繁重”，选项C“gap 间隙，缺口”，选项D“span 跨度，跨距”均不符合题意。（19）.A off B on C into D with（分数： 0.50）A.B.C. VD.解析： 考核知识点 词组搭配解析选项C“stir into把搅拌进”。根据原文意思：“每次智力改革都曾经把人性推崇到伟大上去了。”而选项 A、B、D均无此搭配，不符合题意。（20）.A violent B passionate C exempt D idealistic（分数： 0.50）A.B. VC.D.解析： 考核知识点 形容词词义辨析 解析

20、 由空格后面的 ineit ideas 可知，这里所讲的应和内心思想有关。B 项“ passionate ”表达的是一种心理状态，正好符合原文的意思，为正确答案。而选项A、C D均不符合题意。二、Section n Reading Comprehension （总题数：0，分数：0.00）三、Part A （ 总题数：0，分数： 0.00）四、Text 1 （ 总题数： 1，分数： 10.00）Remember the days when companies such as Microsoft and Mc-Kinsey took immense satisfaction from subje

21、cting job candidates to mind-crunching strategy sessions? If you thought that was rough, imagine an interview in which no amount of research or questioning of insiders will help. Imagine instead that all you can do is have a healthy breakfast, pick out your nicest suit, and hope for the best. In the

22、 new interview, theyre not just testing what you know. Theyre also testing who you are.Its called the situational interview, and its quickly becoming a must in the job-seeking world. In the post-Enron culture of caution, corporations are focusing on an obvious insight: that a gold-plated resume and

23、winning personality are about as accurate in determining job performance as Wall Street analysts are in picking stocks. Now, with shareholder scrutiny, hiring slowdowns, and expense-reducing, no manager can afford to hire the wrong person. Hundreds of companies are switching to the new methods. Wher

24、eas the conventional interview has been found to be only 7% accurate in predicting job performance, situational interviews deliver a rating of 54% the most of any interviewing tool.The situational techniques superiority stems from its ability to trip up even the wittiest of interviewees. Of course,

25、every applicant must display a healthy dose of occupational know-how, but behavior and ethical backbone play a big role. For example, a prospective analyst at a Wall Street bank might have to face, say, a customer with an account argument. Its not happening on paper, but in real time with managers a

26、nd experts watching nearby. The interviewer plays the role of a fierce customer on the phone, angry about money lost when a trade wasnt executed on time. Its set up as an obvious mistake on the bankers part.Interviewers watch the candidates reactions: how they process the complex account information

27、, their ability to talk the client down, what their body language displays about their own shortcomings, and which words they choose. In this instance, not being honest about the mistake or showing anger or frustration no matter how glowing your resume means youre out.Behavioral interviews are also

28、being rounded out by other tools that, until recently, had been reserved for elite hires. Personality-testing outfit Caliper, for example, which probes candidates for emotional-intelligence skills and job ability, has seen its business jump 20%this year.Clearly, the new interview isnt without its dr

29、awbacks. Companies run the risk of arousing hostility in candidates, who may feel as if some line has been crossed into personal territory.Moreover, sortie companies worry about the fairness of personality tests. They have to make sure there are no inherent gender or racial biases in the test.（分数： 1

30、0.00 ）（1）.In conventional interviews, Microsoft tested applicants by.A pressing them to solve strategic issuesB causing them to crack mental problemsC subjecting them to doing a lot of researchD making them worry stiff problems out （分数： 2.00 ）A.B.C.D. V解析：解析细节题。传统的面试是考查“ what you know ，这要通过“ exan”来实

31、现，即strategysessions ，而微软的面试更是“ mind -crunching ”的，也就是需要面试者“ worry out ” （绞尽脑汁地想 ）， 所以选 D。 A 项：首句中的 strategy sessions 意为“对智能的测试”，而不是指战略问题；而且公司也不 可能让一个求职者“solve 公司战略决策的重要问题。B项：首句中mind-crunching 意为令人头疼的”，而并非精神问题”。C项：文章首段第二句中research or questioning of insiders will help的意思是面试者通过对公司进行调查研究或打听内部消息， 以便帮助应付面

32、试， 而不是指在面试过程中做研究。（2）.In the situational interview, job-seekers have to.A be dressed up in the height of fashionB be examined in professional experiencesC demonstrate their personalities and knowledgeD present elegantly written and polished resumes（分数： 2.00 ）A.B.C. VD.解析：解析细节题。情景面试中，测试的重点有两个：“ what y

33、ou know ”和“ who you are 。文章第 二段也提到“ a gold - plated resume and winning personality ” （镀金简历指坚实的专业技能） ，所以选Co A项：情景面试并非以貌取人，首段中的pick out your nicest suit只是表明穿着好看。B项：情景面试对专业经验的测试只是一方面，其突出特点是加入了对人品的检测。D项：第二段中gold-plated resume 是对坚实的专业技能的形象比喻，事实上仅有华美的简历是远远不够的。（3）.The new interview is widely adopted becaus

34、e of its.A efficiency in selecting the fittest brainsB insight into the interviewees characterC accuracy in testing working experienceD exactness in assessing performing skills（分数： 2.00 ）A. VB.C.D.解析：解析因果题。文章第二段提到“ no manager can afford to hire the wrong person”，而在“predictingjob performance 上，情景面试的准

35、确性最高，它能选出合适的人员，所以选A。B项：洞察被面试者的性格只是使情景面试更加合理、有效的原因，与其被广泛采用没有直接因果关系。C项：它测试的准确性不仅仅体现在工作经验方面。D项：对工作的适合性不仅局限在“ performing skills ”的精确性上，相比之下，A项的表述更为全面、恰当。（4）.The situational interview is superior to the conventional in its.A capability to catch the smartest applicants in misjudgmentsB possibility to lead

36、 the wisest candidates to behavioral mistakesC technique to make the cleverest interviewees be inaccurateD function to frustrate the brightest individuals by hard questions（分数： 2.00 ）A.B. VC.D.解析： 解析 推理题。 第三段首句提到情景面试方法优于传统面试的地方是“ its ability to trip up even the wittiest of interviewees ”，即诱使最机智的面试者犯

37、错误。这里，犯错误不是必然的，只是有被 诱发的可能，所以选 Bo A项：“misjudgments ”是所犯错误的形式之一，该词含义不够全面，且原文意思 是能抓住面试者的错误，而不是哪一种具体的错误。C项：该面试法并非一定要面试者犯错，只是诱使他 们不自觉地暴露出缺点。 D 项：面试虽然可能让最聪明的面试者犯错，但目的并不是为了“ frustrate ”面 试者。（5）.The advantages of behavioral interview include all of the following EXCEPT.A it helps avoid employing the wrong p

38、ersonnelB it urges examinees on fully displaying expertiseC it drives most candidates into feeling enmityD it stimulates testees to handle real-time problems （分数： 2.00 ）A.B.C. VD.解析： 解析 是非判断题。文章末段分析了行为测试的缺点，其中之一是其可能使面试者产生反感：arousing hostility in candidates ”，所以选C。A项：因为行为测试能全面测试应聘者的工作能力， 所以可以尽可能避免雇用不

39、合格的人员。这是优点。B项：因为它测试的方面很全，所以可以为应试者提供展现才能的更大舞台。这也是优点。D项：该测试会涉及一些需要应试者现场解决的问题，因此可激励应试者培养这方面的能力。这还是优点。五、Text 2 （ 总题数： 1，分数： 10.00）An experiment that some hoped would reveal a new class of subatomic particles, and perhaps even point to clues about why the universe exists at all, has instead produced a fi

40、rst round of results that are mysteriously inconclusive.Dr. Conrad and William C. Louis presented their initial findings in a talk yesterday at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory where the experiment is being performed.The goal was to confirm or refute observations made in the 1990s in a Los

41、Alamos experiment that observed transformations in the evanescent but bountiful particles known as neutrinos（微中子 ）.Neutrinos have no electrical charge and almost no mass, but there are so many of them that they could collectively outweigh all the stars in the universe.The new experiment has attracte

42、d wide interest. That reflected in part the hope of finding cracks in the Standard Model, which encapsulates physicists current knowledge about fundamental particles and forces.The Standard Model has proved remarkably effective and accurate, but it cannot answer some fundamental questions, like why

43、the universe did not completely annihilate（ 毁灭） itself an instant after the Big Bang.The birth of the universe 13.7 billionyears ago created equal amounts of matter and antimatter.Since matter and antimatter annihilateeach other when they come in contact, that would have leftnothing to coalesce into

44、 stars and galaxies. There must be some imbalance in the laws of physics that led to a slight preponderance of matter over antimatter, and that extra bit of matter formed everything in the visible universe.The imbalance, some physicists believe, may be hiding in the dynamics of neutrinos.Neutrinos c

45、ome in three known types, or flavors. And they can change flavor as they travel. But the neutrino transformations reported in the Los Alamos data do not fit the three-flavor model, suggesting four flavors of neutrinos, if not more.The new experiment sought to count the number of times one flavor of

46、neutrino, called a muon（卩介子 ）, turned into another flavor, an electron neutrino.For most of the neutrino energy range they looked at, the scientists did not see any more electron neutrinos than would be predicted by the Standard Model. That ruled out the simplest ways of interpreting the Los Alamos

47、neutrino data, Dr. Conrad and Dr. Louis said.But at the lower energies, the scientists did see more electron neutrinos than predicted: 369, rather than the predicted 273. That may simply mean that some calculations are off. Or it could point to a subtler interplay of particles, known and unknown.Dr.

48、 Louis said he was surprised by the results. I was sort of expecting a clear excess or no excess, he said. In a sense, we got both./（分数： 10.00 ）（1）.It can be inferred from Paragraph 1 that the initial findings of Dr. Conrad and Louis areA a new class of subatoms.B new subatomic particles.C new chara

49、cters of neutrinos.D none of the above. （分数： 2.00 ）A.B.C. VD. 解析：本题为推理判断题。文章第一句话用的是虚拟语气，可以推断出并没有发现新的亚原子，并且后面 也提到发现 neutrino 一些新的特征。 从下文可以推断 Neutrino 并不是新发现的物质， 因为早在 Los Alamos 实验中就对它进行过观察，这样排除A、B,故本题选Co（2）.According to the text, Neutrinos are kinds of particles that .A are numerous and stable.B have

50、 no electric charge.C are short-lived matter.D are small in amount. （分数： 2.00 ）A.B.C. VD.解析：本题为细节理解题。本题主要信息在第3段，但本段只是Los Alamos实验中发现的性质，有些可能是有局限性的，比如：neutrino呈中性就是错误的。数量庞大，不稳定，很快衰竭等等特性是正确的，这 样只有C是正确的。（3）.We can conclude that the dynamics of neutrinos may cause .A the universe to completely annihilat

51、e itself.B some imbalance by generating more antimatter.C the birth of the universe after the Big Bang.D the uniting of matter into celestial body.（分数： 2.00 ）A.B.C.D. V解析：本题为推理判断题。第6段说宇宙诞生时产生了等量的物质和反物质，这样使不会结合成有形的物体的，只有物质比反物质多时，才能结合成星体。第7段说这种物质比反物质多的现象可能是dynamics ofneutrinos造成的，这样对本题进行反推就会发现其他3项与题义相

52、反，D项正确。（4）.According to the text, the Los Alamos experiment has reported that .A there are numerous neutrinos which fade away quickly.B during traveling, neutrinos can change into three types.C there are large numbers of neutrinos at the lower energies.D neutrinos are observed for the first time dur

53、ing the experiment.（分数： 2.00 ）A. VB.C.D.解析：本题为细解理解题。A项正确叙述了微中子的特性。第8段说明B项错误，第11段说明了 C项错误。文章中并没有提到首次发现，这样应该排除D项。（5）.In the experiment, Dr. Conrad and Louis find out .A most of the data in the Los Alamos experiment is not accurate.B the number of times one flavor of neutrino converts into another.C th

54、ere is some subtler interplay of particles causing miscalculations.D the number of neutrinos is more than estimated at the higher energies.（分数： 2.00 ）A.B. VC.D.解析：本题为细节理解题。文章只是列举了Los Alamos实验中部分数据的错误，而非大多数，所以A不恰当。倒数第三段说导致估计失误的原因可能是计算失误或是粒子间微妙的相互影响造成的，而不是相互影 响导致计算失误造成的，这样C项不正确。倒数第3段第一句可知，在大多数能级上微中子的数

55、量与预计的差不多，这样排除 D。六、Text 3 （ 总题数： 1，分数： 10.00）Pronouncing a language is a skill. Every normal person is expert in the skill of pronouncing his own language, but few people are even moderately proficient at pronouncing foreign languages.Now there are many reasons for this, some obvious, some perhaps no

56、t so obvious. But I suggest that the fundamental reason why people in general do not speak foreign languages very much better than they do is that they fail to grasp the true nature of the problem of learning to pronounce, and consequently never set about tackling it in the right way. Far too many people fail to realize that pronouncing a foreign language is a skill, one that needs careful training