学才教育-中考阅读理解解题技巧

1、 2010年英语中考阅读理解解题技巧与训练 要提高阅读的速度，我们要掌握以下方法：一、 要用英语思维，不要在脑中将阅读材料译成汉语，逐步养成用英语思维的习惯。二 要用眼读，不要用口读。用眼进行扫描式的阅读，一次扫读一个意群，而不是一个单词。例如：Many teachers and students are reading newspapers and books in the reading-room. 三、 遇到生词不要停顿。遇到生词时，可以凭上下文猜测其含义，或划一记号，等读完后，再查词典。四、 要多读，多训练。熟能生巧，我们在课后应挤时间多读一些英语报刊上的短文和简易读物。五注意阅读解题

2、技巧。学会分析题目的类型，是大意题，细节题还是作者态度题，然后直接在文中选定题目所在的段落，有目标地寻找答案。 “重、定、划、看、防、读”一、“重”“重文本”。读懂文章最重要。文本是题源所在，如果将考生比作勘探人员，那么文本就是他们的勘探场所。撰题者正式通过对文章的深入剖析，才将一个个地宝藏埋藏其中，让考生去发掘。所以读懂文本不仅是正确解题的第一步，也是最关键的一步。但是，快速读懂一篇文章却非易事，需要进行大量的阅读习练。高超的阅读真功夫有赖良好的阅读习惯的培养。既要读得快，又要读得懂，良好的阅读习惯是保障。二、“定”“定区间”。能够圈定各题答案的范围。出题者一般都是根据文本的某一段，或某一段

3、的某一句，或某一句的某一词，或根据隐藏在字里行间的作者的暗示进行题设。这就要求做题时要进行回想、返查，锁定与问题相关信息的所在区域，为正确解题打基础。这个过程就像捉迷藏一样，要想找到文本中躲藏的“猫猫”，就必须对藏躲“猫猫”的区域谙熟于心，进而准确定位，圈定范围，定能一抓一个准。三、“划”“划根据”。作答时理由要充分，并在文章中划出解题依据。能够在文本中划出解题根据是正确解题的关键，更是阅读理解不丢分的保障。猎人有句行话，叫“不见兔子不撒鹰”，在这儿我要告诉各位同学，在做阅读理解时要做到“不见根据不做题”。理由充分，根据凿实，这是“不仅知其然，而且知其所以然”的超高境界，是阅读水平提高的最大见

4、证。从这种意义上讲，“划”字诀是“重、定、划、看、防、读”六字真诀之尤为重要者。四、“看”“看转换”。注意同一意思的不同表述(同意转述)。英语语言相当丰富，同一意思会有多种不同表达，以避免语言表述上的单调重复。考试中常见的题型“同意改写”就是考察学生的这一能力的。出题者设计试题时总会用不同的语言结构对文本中的某些信息进行同意转述。五、“防”“防陷井”。锁定是“true”还是“not true”，辨明形近词。英语阅读中的陷阱设置最常见的有两种，判断对错真假型和词形相近型。对于判断对错真假型，考生做题前一定要认真审题，看准是“true”还是“not true”，是“right”还是“wrong”，

5、然后才着手解题。可能会有同学认为，这么简单的事怎么会错？其实不然，在考场高度紧张的情况下，什么事情都会发生。试想你身边有过多少同学曾因把“true”与“not true”看反而懊恼不已，顿足捶胸？对于词形相近型要做只有两个字“细心”，三思而后选。只要细心，此类陷阱就会很容易被识破。归根到底，“防”的主要对象是自己，防止慌张，防止粗心大意，防止那些“想当然”的想法，防止自己的骄傲情绪只要沉着应对，处处留心，任何陷阱都会被识别发现的，因此我们应该多做做眼保健操。六、“读”“读全项”。做判断时要通读每一题的所有选项，区分鉴别，选择最佳。阅读理解是从三个或四个选项中选出一个最佳选项，解题时考生要通读所

6、有选项，比较鉴别，确定最佳。切不可挑读臆断，匆匆作答。比如做判断对错真假型试题时，选项中会有“一对三错”或“三对一错”，通读全项就会补救误读题干所造成的过失。干扰项特点1. 以偏概全。干扰项只阐述了文章的一部分内容，也就是文章的局部信息。 2. 断章取义。干扰项常常以文章中的个别信息或个别字眼作为选项的设置内容，或者以次要的事实或细节冒充全文的主要观点。3. 主题扩大。干扰项所归纳、概括的范围过大，超过文章实际所讨论的内容。4. 张冠李戴。命题者有意地把属于A的特征放在B的身上，构成一个干扰项。考生不注意的情况下，会造成错选答案。 5. 无中生有或似是而非。有的干扰项中的关键词语好像在文章中谈

7、到了，但认真分析之后你会发现这类干扰项的内容与文章的内容毫无联系。切忌的阅读方法（1）“指读”，即为了“集中注意力”，用手指或笔尖指着文章逐词阅读。一遇到生词，便停顿下来，无法在通篇理解的基础上继续进行阅读。 （2）“唇读”，即有的学生在阅读中喜欢读出声来，或即使不出声，嘴唇在动，或脑子里也在想着读音，无形当中影响了大脑的思维速度。 （3）“回读”，即在阅读中遇到生词或不熟悉的短语时，返回句首甚至段首重读；还有相当多的学生对阅读已经产生心理定势，即认为自已第一遍肯定读不懂，因此反复多遍，浪费很多时间。 （4）“译读”，即在阅读过程中，不断地进行逐词逐句的翻译，通过译成母语来辅助理解。由于没有掌

8、握正确的阅读方法，习惯于在不加限定的时间内，对一小块文章精雕细琢，导致了逐词阅读接受信息的习惯。阅读理解-类型 ：A 考查掌握所读材料的主旨和大意的能力 此类考查主旨和大意的题大多数针对段落(或短文)的主题，主题思想，标题或目的，其主要提问方式是： 1) Which is the best title of the passage? 2) Which of the following is this passage about? 3) In this passage the writer tries to tell us that_. 4) The passage tells us that_

9、. 5) This passage mainly talks about_.解体秘诀：抓主题句1、主题句是用来表达文章或段落的中心思想的，通常在文章第一段首句、第一段末句和全文末句等处出现，阅读时要特别注意。2、进行整体阅读，抓文章逻辑结构。文章主题出现的位置对应于文章逻辑结构中的一个部分，而在中考阅读中以“总分总”结构类型题居多。所以重读文章首、尾两段以及每段首句，对把握文章结构和主旨理解有很大帮助。如何获取段落的主旨和大意？ 在一篇短文或一个段落中，大部分主题句的情况有三种：（1）主题句在段首或篇首。 主题句在段首或篇首的情况相当普遍。一般新闻报道、说明文, 议论文大都采用先总述，后分述的

10、叙事方法。例如：2008年陕西省英语中考试题阅读材料B的第一段：All living things on the earth need other living things to live. Nothing lives alone. Most animals must live in a group, and even a plant grows close together with others of the same kind. Sometimes one living thing kills another, one eats and the other is eaten. Each

11、 kind of life eats another kind of life in order to live, and together they form a food chain(食物链)。Some food chains become broken up if one of the links disappears. 在这篇短文之后有一道考查主题的阅读理解题：59. Which of the following do you think is the best title for this passage? A. Animals B. Plants C. Food Chains D.

12、 Living Things第一句即是主题句。这个句子概括了本段的中心意思，“地球上所有的生物要生存都离不开其它的生物”。后面讲述了大量的事实，“大部分动物必须成群的生活，甚至一种植物也要和其它同类的植物靠在一起生长。有时一种生物杀死另一种生物，一种生物吃另一种生物，而另一种生物被吃”。在列举了大量的事实之后，作者指出：如果这些食物链中的一个链环消失，所有的食物都会断掉。所有这些事实都是围绕第一个句子展开的。(C) （2）主题句在段末或篇末。 用归纳法写文章时，往往表述细节的句子在前，概述性的句子在后，并以此结尾。这种位于段末或篇末的主题句往往是对前面细节的总结，归纳或结论。例如2007年陕西

13、省中考试题阅读材料A的最后一段：If you buy some well-made clothes, you can save money because they can last longer. They look good even after they have been washed many times. Sometimes some clothes cost more money, but it does not mean that they are always better made, or they always fit better. In other words, so

14、me less expensive clothes look and fit better than more expensive clothes.这段文章前面列举了两件事实：如果你买一些制作优良的衣服，你会省钱，因为这些衣服能穿得时间长一些。即使他们洗了很多次，仍然看起来很好。有时有些衣服花得前更多，但并不意味着这些衣服做得更好。最后一句话是对这两个事实的概括：有些价钱便宜的衣服比价钱贵的衣服更好看，更合身。段末这个句子就是主题句。（3）无主题句首先找出每一段的中心意思，各段的中心意思往往都是围绕一个中心来展开的，或者说是来说明一个问题的。这个中心或这个问题就是这篇文章的主题或中心意思。请看

15、2007年江西省中考试题阅读理解A:Killer bees started in Brazil 1957. A scientist in Sao Paulo wanted bees to makemore honey（蜂蜜). So he put forty-six African bees with some Brazilian bees. The bees bred(繁殖) and made a new kind of bees. But the new bees were a mistake. They didnt want to make more honey. They wanted

16、 to attack. Then, by accident, twenty-six African bees escaped and bred with the Brazilian bees outside.Scientists could not control（控制) the problem. The bees increased fast. They went from Brazil to Venezuela. Then they went to Central America. Now they are in North America. They travel about 390 m

17、iles a year. Each group of bees grows four times a year. This means one million new groups every five years.Why are people afraid of killer bees? People are afraid for two reasons. First, the bees sting（叮) many more times than usual bees. Killer bees can sting sixty times a minute nonstop for two ho

18、urs. Second, killer bees attack in groups. Four hundred bee stings can kill a person.Already several hundred people are dead. Now killer bees are in Texas. In a few years they will reach all over the United States. People can do nothing but wait.在这篇短文的后面就出了一道这样的阅读理解题：59. The best title of the passag

19、e is _. A. How to make more honey B. Killer bees C. A foolish scientist D. How to feed killer bees这篇短文表面看起来没有主题句，那末怎样来确定它的中心意思呢？按照上面的说明，我们先找出每一段的大意：第一段讲的是“killer bees”的产生。第二段讲的是“killer bees” 的急剧增加。第三段讲的是人们害怕“killer bees”的原因。第四段讲的是“killer bees”已经杀死的人数和将来的状况。从这几段的大意可以看出这篇文章自始至终都是围绕“killer bees”这一中心展开的

20、。换句话说，“killer bees”就是这篇文章的主题。(B)训练： （一）It seems to be strange to you there is a blind spot (盲点)on the eyes. Here is an interesting experiment (实验) that can make something disappear, when one eye is open.Make a card about the size of a postcard and write two English letters L and R on it, L on the le

21、ft and R on the right. First, hold the card about 80 cm away and you see both the letters. Then close your right eye and look at the letter R only with your left eye. And now, as you move the card slowly towards you, youll find the letter L disappearing. But if you move the card nearer to your face,

22、 the letter will be seen again. Now do the same experiment with your left eye closed, youll find the letter R disappearing.Why does the letter disappear? It is because there is a blind spot on the eye. When the image (影像) of the letter falls on the blind spot, it wont be seen. That is why either of

23、the letters disappears. 5. The passage mainly (主要) tells us _.A. how to find the blind spot B. an interesting experiment C. where the blind spot is D. there is blind spot on the eye （二）Henry was an office worker in a big city. He worked very hard and enjoyed traveling in his holidays.He usually went

24、 to the seaside, but one year he saw an advertisement in a newspaper. “Enjoy country life. Spend a few weeks at West Hill Farm. Good food. Fresh air. Horse riding. Walking. Fishing. Cheap and interesting.”“This sounds a good idea,” he thought. “Ill spend a month at West Hill Farm. I think I can enjo

25、y horse riding, walking and fishing. Theyll make a change from sitting by the seaside and swimming.”He wrote to the farmer. In the letter he said that he would like to spend all of July there. Then on the first of July, he left for West Hill Farm.But four days later, he returned home.“What was wrong

26、 with West Hill Farm?” his best friend, Ed, asked him. “Didnt you enjoy country life?”“Country life was very good,” Henry said. “But there was another problem.”“Oh. What?”“Well,” he said, “the first day I was there a sheep died, and we had roast mutton for dinner.”“Whats wrong with that?” Ed asked.

27、“Fresh meat is the best.”“I know, but on the second day a cow died, and we had roast beef for dinner.”“Lucky you!”“You dont understand,” Henry said. “On the third day a pig died and we had roast pork for dinner.”“A different meat every day,” Ed said loudly, “ and you are complaining!”“Let me finish,

28、” Henry said. “On the fourth day the farmer died, and I didnt dare (敢)stay for dinner!” 1. Which is the best title for the passage? A. What a beautiful farm! B. Have a good time.C.A short holiday D. Henry and the farmer. （三）In 1998, World Cup Football Match held in France took up a new rule. Instead

29、 of the usual black and white ball, a colorful ball was used in the game. The new ball was made up of 32 pieces of three colors: red, blue and white. Interestingly enough, the French national flag happened to be in three colors, too. Besides, 32 teams took part in the coming World Cup. But early foo

30、tball was made up of eight pieces of leather. As time went by, more pieces of leather were used, from 12 pieces to 18 to 26 and then to 32 now.About three million such new footballs were made. And then some players were playing the new ball in their training. The makers have warned the goalkeeper th

31、at the new ball flies in a direct line at a fast speed.After trying the ball for some time, a footballer said that the ball was quite different from the traditional (传统的) black and white one, and that the goalkeeper would find it harder to catch them. Another footballer said that there would be more

32、 goals. “For the player on the ground, the new ball is easier to control as it flies. A good player can shoot in more goals,” he said.1.Whats the best title for this passage?A. Football of New Kind B. 98 World Cup Football MatchC. Goalkeepers and Players D. Three-color Flag of FranceB 考查把握文章的事实和细节的能

33、力 此类考查事实和细节的题目大多数是针对文章的细节设计的，其主要提问方式是：1) Which of the following is right?2) Which of the following is not mentioned?3) Which of the following is Not True in the passage?4) Choose the right order of this passage.5) From this passage we know _.解题方法(找细节):解题要点是找到问题中的关键词，根据所划的关键词到原文中找对应词：指出文章中与题中所划关键词的意思

34、相反或相近对应词。该对应词可能与关键词相同也可能不同。对应词所在的句子或句子部分极可能包含解题信息的信息句。将该句认真阅读后，再将四个答案与此句内容对照后，就会发现有一答案的信息与信息句的信息大致相同，则该答案即为正确答案。 训练： （一） If you look at the sky one night and see something moving and shining that you have never seen before, it might be a comet (彗星).A comet sometimes looks like a star. Like a planet,

35、 a comet has no light of its own. It shines from the sunlight it reflects (反射). Like the earth, a comet goes round the sun, but on a much longer path (轨道) than the earth travels.If a comet isnt a star, what is it then?Some scientists think that a large part of a comet is water frozen into pieces of

36、ice and mixed with iron and rock dust and perhaps a few big pieces of rock. When sunshine melts (融化) the ice in the comet, great clouds of gas go trailing after it. These clouds, together with the dust, form a long tail.Many people perhaps have seen a comet. However no one knows how many comets ther

37、e are. There may be millions of comets, but only a few come close enough for us to see.An Englishman named Edmund Halley, who lived from 1656 to 1742, found out a lot about the paths that comets take through the sky. Some comets move out of our sight and never come back. Others keep coming back at r

38、egular times. A big comet that keeps coming back was named after Halley because he was the one who worked out when it would come back again. Maybe you have ever seen Halleys Comets because the last time it came close to the sun and the earth was in the year 1986. Then people all over the world were

39、outside at night to look at it. You will probably be able to see Halleys Comets when it comes near the earth again.1.A comet is like _.A. sun B. moon C. sunlight D. the earth2.A large part of a comet is _.A. water and rock B. water frozen into pieces of ice and mixed with ironC. ice, iron and rock d

40、ust D. only a few big pieces of rock3.Maybe many people _.A. havent seen any comets B. have seen all cometsC. have seen a comet at daytime D. have seen a comet4.Some comets keep coming back _.A. at any time B. at noon C. at regular times D. at daytime5.Halleys Comets came back _. A. in 1990 B. in 19

41、80 C. in 1986 D. in 1989 （二）On November 18th, 1908, three men went up in a balloon. They started early in London. The headman was Auguste Gaudron, and the other two men were Tannar and Maitland. They had a big balloon, and they were ready for a long way.Soon they heard the sea below them. They were

42、carrying the usual rope , and it was hanging down from the basket of the balloon. At the end of the rope they had tied a metal box. This could hold water. Or it could be empty. So they were able to change its weight. They were also carrying some bags of sand.After the sun rose, the balloon went high

43、er. It went up to 3,000 meters, and the air was very cold. The water in the balloon became ice. Snow fell past the mens basket, and they could see more snow on the ground. There was also some snow on the balloon, and that made it very heavy. It began to go down towards the ground. The men tried to t

44、hrow out some more sand; but it was hard. They tried to break the icy sand with their knives, but it was not easy. The work was slow and they were still falling; so they had to drop some whole bags of sand. One of them fell on an icy lake below and made a black hole in the ice.At last they pulled th

45、e box into the basket. It was still snowing; so they climbed to get away from the snow. They rose to 5,100 meters! Everything became icy. They were so cold that they decided to land. They came down in Poland heavily but safely. They had traveled 1,797 kilometers from London!1.Three men flew in a bal

46、loon _.A. more than a century ago B. to visit PolandC. for nearly 1,800 kilometers D. to another city2.The metal box was used for _.A. changing weight B. carrying ropes of the basketC. keeping drinking water D. carrying the bags of sand3.When the balloon went up higher, _.A. they saw the sun go down

47、 B. the temperature of the balloon began to fallC. they could see a black hole on the ground D. they made a hole in the basket with their knives4.The balloon landed _.A. in a foreign country B. on a lake C. in London D. on the sea5.The three men had to land because _.A. they were very hungry B. they

48、 had not enough sandC. they pulled the box into the basket D. they felt too cold （三）If you get into the forest with your friends, stay with them always. If you dont, you may get lost. If you really get lost, this is what you should do. Sit down and stay where you are. Dont try to find your friendsle

49、t them find you by staying in one place.There is another way to help your friends or other nearby people to find you. Give them a signal (信号) by shouting or whistling (吹口哨) three times. Any signal given three times is a call for help.Keep up shouting or whistling always three times together. When pe

50、ople hear you, they will know that you are not just making noise for fun. They will let you know that they have heard your signal. They give you two shouts, two whistles, or two gun-shots (枪声). When someone gives you a signal, it is an answer to a call for help.If you dont think that you will get he

51、lp before night comes, try to make a little house-cover up to the holes with branches (树枝) with lots of leaves. Make yourself a soft bed with leaves and grass.What should you do if you get hungry or need drinking water? You would have to leave your little house to look for a river. Dont just walk aw

52、ay. Pick off small branches and drop them as you walk so that you can find your way back. The most important thing to do when you are lost isstay in one place.1.If you lost in the forest, you should _.A. stay where you are and give signals three timesB. walk around the forest and shout so that your

53、friends could hear youC. try to find your friends as soon as possibleD. try to get out of the forest and shout for help2.If you want to let people believe that you are not just making noise for fun, you should _.A. tell people that you are lost B. keep up shouting or whistlingC. shout at the top of

54、your voice D. shout or whistle three times3.When you hear two shouts, or whistles, or gunshots, _.A. you should shout more loudly B. you can whistle three timesC. it is an answer to your call for help D. you should try to run to them4.When you want to leave your place to get drinking water, you shou

55、ld _.A. just go to the river B. find some glasses or bottles before you goC. make a fire so that you can have some teaD. leave marks so that you can find your way back5.This passage mainly tells you _.A. when you hear a signal always three times, it is a call for helpB. What you should do if you get

56、 lost in a forestC. any signal given twice means an answer to a call for helpC 考查根据上下文猜测生词的含义的能力 此类猜测词义的题目要求考生根据上下文确定某一特定的词或短语的准确含义。其主要提问方式是：1) The word “ ” in the passage probably means _.2) The underlined word “It” in the passage refers to _.3) In this story the underlined word “ ” means _.4) Here “it” means_.解题秘诀：