新视界大学英语综合教程2 unit5

1、Warming uWarming up pSkimmingSkimmingDiggingDiggingCritical thinkingCritical thinkingLanguage in useLanguage in useUnfamiliar wordsUnfamiliar wordsInterpretingInterpretingTalking pointTalking point Quitters are winners, Bulldogs are loserslosersSkimming Browse the passage within 8 minutes to get a r

2、ough idea about it.Answer the questions of Activity 2 and 3 on page 119.TaskTaskSkimming Choose the best definition.1. A quitter is someone who _. (a) doesnt know what they want to do in life (b) gets depressed easily (c) knows when to give up trying (d) keeps on trying even when they have no hope o

3、f success2. A bulldog is someone who _. (a) keeps on trying because they find it difficult to accept failure (b) gives up very easily (c) usually succeeds in the end in what they want to do (d) is psychologically stronger than most peoplecaSkimming Answer the questions. 1 What is a “never-say-die” s

4、pirit? A “never-say-die” spirit is one of determination no matter what the odds are. 2 What did psychologists Miller and Wrosch set out to do? Miller and Wrosch developed a way to find the characteristics of Bulldogs and Quitters. 3 What did their findings show? Quitters are generally healthier than

5、 Bulldogs.Skimming4 In what way do Bulldogs suffer more than Quitters? Bulldogs suffer more from minor illnesses and long periods of stress. 5 What might happen when a Bulldog finally gives up on an ambition? Bulldogs might begin to pursue new goals after they give up on an ambition.6 What is the co

6、nnection between depression and the survival of the species? It may be a way of telling our bodies to slow down, to analyze the situation and be cautious. Meanwhile, we are more realistic about the world. Therefore, it will help preserve our human species.Skimming7 Why is it important for young peop

7、le to set themselves goals? Because it is part of cultivating an individual identity in the world. 8 Why is it important to be prepared to change those goals? Because we may find the goals are unattainable or be attracted to some new goals.9 What is the connection between setting goals and the survi

8、val of the species? Because we are constantly adjusting or abandoning the goals, changing priorities. In this process, we grow up.Quitters are winners, Bulldogs are losers译文译文Digging1 “If at first you dont succeed, try, try again,” said the comic actor, W C Fields, “Then quit. Theres no point in bei

9、ng a damn fool about it.”2 Well, yes, up to a point, but we all know that theres a right and a wrong time to quit. According to new research, people who know when to give up on impossible goals, the so-called “quitters”, are physically and mentally healthier than “bulldogs” who persist at any cost.D

10、igging3 Since the Founding Fathers arrived in America, our children have been the target of messages about the value of determination in the face of lifes difficulties. This never-say-die spirit is best represented by the 19th-century saying, “If at first you dont succeed, try, try again.” But are t

11、here times when its simply better to give up?译文译文Digging4 There has been considerable research about this question and specifically about the possible link between determination and health. On the one hand, it seems that persistence and self-discipline increase the chance youll succeed in the long t

12、erm, and that personal success is closely linked to well-being. Think of successful people you know personally, and look back over their lives. Have they always been clear about where theyre going in their lives, and now that they have arrived, are they happy and healthy? Some are, perhaps.译文译文Diggi

13、ng5 But what if success is very doubtful? For example, like an average athlete becoming an Olympic gold medal winner? Can exhibiting too much determination have a negative effect on your health?译文译文Digging6 In a sequence of psychological experiments, scientists Gregory Miller and Carsten Wrosch deve

14、loped a way of distinguishing between two categories of people, Bulldogs and Quitters. The findings showed that Quitters are generally healthier than Bulldogs. Miller and Wrosch looked at relatively minor illnesses such as skin disorders, poor sleep and headaches, and discovered that Quitters differ

15、ed from Bulldogs by suffering less. Furthermore, the Bulldogs suffered much more from long periods of stress, during which they had a higher level of a protein which could indicate several serious diseases, including killers like diabetes and heart disease.译文译文Digging7 The scientists also noted that

16、 the Bulldogs distinguished themselves from the Quitters by showing how willing they were to pursue new goals after they gave up on something important. They found that people who readily jumped back into life had a greater sense of purpose and were less likely to think about the past. Setting new g

17、oals appears to protect them from the emotional consequences of failure, especially the Bulldogs who have a hard time admitting defeat.译文译文Digging8 So why do Bulldogs finally say, “Enough is enough”? In fact, it appears that their physical recovery comes through mild depression. Some go through a pe

18、riod of passive behaviour, during which they shut down. But on the positive side, theyre forced to stop and assess their lives again. Gradually they become more realistic about the world. In terms of human evolution, scientists think that depression is what told our bodies to slow down, to analyze t

19、he situation and to be cautious. Melancholy can actually help most of us to give up on the Olympic gold medal and preserve the human species.译文译文Digging9 Its definitely important to set oneself goals. For young people, its part of cultivating an individual identity in the world. But as we grow older

20、, were liable to adjust these aspirations or abandon them when we find that either we cannot achieve them or other, more important targets attract us. We abandon our plans for a glorious career because we feel it more desirable to attend to the demands of our young family. We choose not to continue

21、our studies because we need to earn a living. Consequently, we find other, more feasible objectives in our lives, which are more appropriate to our circumstances than our previous ones. So while we may grow out of our dreams, at the same time, we grow up.译文译文Digging10 Maybe we should rewrite the say

22、ing. How about “If at first you dont succeed, try, try again. But if you dont succeed, you dont always fail. Listen to your body and your mind. Thats where youll find your success as a human being. Thats where the survival of the species lies.” 译文译文DiggingMain idea of the text1. Since the Founding F

23、athers arrived in America, our children have been the target of messages about the value of determination in the face of lifes difficulties. (Line 1, Para 3)From the time Europeans first arrived in North America, they have been telling their children they must be strong to face difficulties and over

24、come them. This attitude has been very intense in American culture both because of the type of Protestant Christianity (基督教中的新教) the early settlers believed in, and the obvious difficulties and dangers they faced in settling on a new continent with so little known and so many enemies.Difficult sente

25、nces Difficult sentences 2. Setting new goals appears to protect them from the emotional consequences of failure, especially the Bulldogs who have a hard time admitting defeat. (Line 8, Para 7)The consequences could include feelings of low self-esteem, inadequacy or reluctance to try anything simila

26、r to the failed activity. It helps us to recover if we set new goals and get on with life as we dont have to feel burdened by the previous defeat. This is especially true of the Bulldog type of character as they find giving up especially stressful and depressing. Of course, they also get most out of

27、 having a new aim to pursue as that is in their nature.Difficult sentences 3. Melancholy can actually help most of us to give up on the Olympic gold medal and preserve the human species. (Line 11, Para 8)When we cannot do something, we feel depressed. The depression stops us from trying again, makes

28、 us put aside unrealistic goals like getting an Olympic gold medal, gives us a chance to re-evaluate our situation and try something attainable. This protects us from damaging ourselves trying to do what is beyond us.Difficult sentences 4. For young people, its part of cultivating an individual iden

29、tity in the world. (Line 2, Para 9)People have different goals this is what makes people different. Without different ambitions young people would all be the same.Difficult sentences 5. So while we may grow out of our dreams, at the same time, we grow up. (Line 14, Para 9)We lose our dreams as we ag

30、e, but also become more mature and realistic. quitter 释义释义n. C (infml) someone who is likely to stop trying if they have problems or are not successful immediately 轻易放弃的人 例句例句Im not a quitter, but this job is starting to affect my health. 我不是一个遇困难就放弃的人，只是这个工作开始影响我的健康了。翻译翻译WordsWords例句例句The coach had

31、 no respect for quitters.教练瞧不起半途而废的人。翻译翻译释义释义n. C 顽强的人；永不言弃的人；C 斗牛犬；叭喇狗例句例句He is the kind of bulldog reporter that you do not find very much these days. 他是你近年来很难遇到的那种穷追不舍的记者。 翻译翻译WordsWordsbulldogcomic释义释义1a. (only before noun) relating to comedy 喜剧的例句例句He worked as a comic actor. 他是一名喜剧演员。翻译翻译Words

32、Words例句例句Many of the scenes in the book are richly comic. 书中很多情景充满喜剧色彩。 翻译翻译释义释义2例句例句The novel is comic and tragic. 这部小说既好笑又带有悲剧色彩。 翻译翻译WordsWords a. funny 滑稽的；好笑的例句例句Most of these trips had exciting or comic moments. 大部分旅途都有激动人心或令人开怀的时刻。 翻译翻译comicdamn 释义释义a. (only before noun) used for emphasizing

33、what you are saying, especially when you are annoyed about something 该死的；讨厌的例句例句Its damn cold in here. 这儿真冷。翻译翻译WordsWords例句例句翻译翻译I cant get this damn button undone! 我解不开这个该死的扣子！ 释义释义1vi. to continue to do or say something in a determined way 坚持；执意 例句例句翻译翻译WordsWords例句例句She persisted in taking her d

34、og with her. 翻译翻译她执意要带她的狗一起去。Does he always persist in his opinion like that? 他老是那样固执己见吗？persist释义释义2vi. (fml) to continue to exist 继续存在；持续 例句例句Despite official denials, the rumours persisted. 尽管官方否认，谣言仍在继续流传。 翻译翻译WordsWords例句例句The pain persisted for months, even though the injury had healed. 虽然受伤的地

35、方已经愈合，但是疼痛还是持续了数月。 翻译翻译persistdetermination 释义释义n. U the refusal to let anything prevent you from doing what you have decided to do 坚定；决心例句例句She has shown great determination and skill. 她表现出了坚强的决心和技能。 翻译翻译WordsWords例句例句His determination to marry her is now much stronger than ever. 他比以前更加坚决地想要娶她了。翻译翻

36、译considerable 释义释义a. large in size, amount, or degree 相当大的；相当多的 例句例句Doing it properly makes considerable demands on our time. 把这事做好需要花费我们相当多的时间。 翻译翻译WordsWords例句例句A considerable amount of time and money was spent on the project. 相当多的时间和金钱都花在这项工程上了。 翻译翻译真题真题Writing is a slow process, requiring consid

37、erable thought, time, and effort. (Jun., 1996. CET-4, Vocabulary and Structure)释义释义n. C a connection between two or more people, places, facts, or events, especially when one is affected or caused by the other 关联，联系例句例句These projects will provide vital links between companies and universities. 这些项目将

38、会为公司和大学搭建重要的纽带。 翻译翻译WordsWords例句例句The statistics show a clear link between social class and crime. 翻译翻译统计数字明确显示了社会阶级与犯罪之间的关系。 link 真题真题Certainly, the biological link between parent and child is fundamental. (Jun., 2003. CET-4, Reading Comprehension)exhibit 释义释义1vt. to show a particular feeling, qual

39、ity, ability, or form of behaviour 表露；表现出例句例句He has exhibited symptoms of anxiety and overwhelming worry. 他表现出焦虑和过分担心的迹象。 翻译翻译WordsWords例句例句Our soldiers exhibited great bravery in the battle. 我们的战士在战斗中表现出极大的勇敢。 翻译翻译释义释义2vt. to put something interesting in a museum or other public place so that peopl

40、e can go and look at it 展出；展览例句例句翻译翻译WordsWordsDavids going to exhibit his roses at the flower show. 戴维准备在花展中展出自己的玫瑰花。 例句例句翻译翻译The art gallery will exhibit some of Dalis paintings. 美术馆将展览达利的部分绘画作品。 exhibit sequence释义释义n. C, U a set of related things that happen or are arranged in a particular order

41、一连串；连续例句例句翻译翻译WordsWords例句例句翻译翻译We had to follow a complex sequence of movements. 我们必须按顺序完成一连串的复杂动作。 A computer can store and repeat sequences of instructions. 一台计算机能够储存和重复一连串的指令。 distinguish 释义释义v. to recognize the differences between things 区分；辨别例句例句翻译翻译WordsWords例句例句翻译翻译Please tell me how to dist

42、inguish a poisonous snake from a harmless one. 请告诉我如何区别毒蛇和无毒蛇。Can you distinguish right from wrong? 你能分清是非吗?真题真题Another way to divide the study of geography is to distinguish between physical geography and cultural geography. (Jun. 1991, CET-4, Vocabulary and structure ) category释义释义n. C a group of

43、people or things that have similar qualities 种类；类别 例句例句翻译翻译WordsWordsThere will be two winners in each category. 每一类将有两个优胜者。 例句例句翻译翻译The proposal would ban some categories of weapons. 这项提案将禁止某些种类的武器。 释义释义n. (pl) information that you discover or opinions that you form after doing research 发现；研究结果 例句例

44、句翻译翻译WordsWordsWhen the experiment is complete, include your findings in a report. 试验完成后，请把结果写入报告。 真题真题Research findings show we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we would have done during the day. (Jan. 1999, CET-4, Vocabulary and structure ) 例句例句翻译翻译We can apply his findin

45、gs in new developments. 我们可将他的调查结果应用于新的开发中。 findingsdiffer 释义释义vi. to be different from something else 不同(于)；有区别 例句例句翻译翻译WordsWordsHearts may agree, though heads differ. 谚 意见总有分歧，但其心则仍可能一致。 But these various means of communication differ in important ways from human language. (Jan. 2003, CET-4, Cloz

46、e) 真题真题例句例句翻译翻译The weather often differs from one part of a state to another.一个州内各地区的天气往往有差别。indicate 释义释义1vt. to show that something will happen, is true, or exists 表明；显示例句例句翻译翻译WordsWords测试结果将显示治疗是否成功。 Test results will indicate whether the treatment was successful. 例句例句翻译翻译烟囱冒烟说明有人在家。The smoke fr

47、om the chimney indicated (that) someone was in the house. Careful surveys have indicated that as many as 50 percent of patients do not take drugs as directed. (Jan. 1996, CET-4, Vocabulary and Structure) 真题真题释义释义2例句例句翻译翻译WordsWords市长流露出了辞职之意。The mayor indicated that he was to resign. Both sides are

48、indicating their willingness to restore diplomatic relations. 例句例句翻译翻译双方都暗示愿意恢复外交关系。 vt. to express an intention, opinion, or wish in an indirect way 暗示；暗指indicate readily释义释义例句例句翻译翻译WordsWords他欣然同意帮助我们渡过难关。He readily agreed to help us out. ad. in a way that shows that you are willing 乐意地 例句例句翻译翻译Sh

49、e readily discusses her science project but is reluctant to talk about herself.她非常乐意讨论她的科研项目，却不愿谈自己。assess 释义释义vt. to carefully consider a situation, person, or problem in order to make a judgment 评估；评价例句例句翻译翻译WordsWords我们的经纪人会对你的房产进行估价。 Our agent will assess the value of your property. He assessed

50、the damage caused by the earthquake at $500,000. 例句例句翻译翻译他估计地震所造成的损失为50万美元。 analyze 释义释义vt. to study or examine something in detail in order to understand or explain it 分析 例句例句翻译翻译WordsWords他们分析了这种金属，发现是黄金。They analyzed the metal and found it was gold. 例句例句翻译翻译我们正在努力分析哪里出了差错。 Were trying to analyze

51、what went wrong. cultivate 释义释义1vt. to develop something such as an attitude, ability, or skill 培养；养成例句例句翻译翻译WordsWords她试着以读书陶冶心性。She is trying to cultivate her mind by reading. 例句例句翻译翻译该公司在打造专业形象方面非常成功。 The company have been successful in cultivating a very professional image. 释义释义2vt. to make land

52、 suitable for growing crops or plants 开垦；耕作The land here has been intensively cultivated for generations. 这片土地经过了几代人的密集耕作。 PhrasesPhrases例句例句翻译翻译Some of the land would be impossible to cultivate. 有些土地无法耕作。 例句例句翻译翻译cultivate 释义释义例句例句翻译翻译首相访问期间可能会出现抗议活动。 liable a. ( to do sth) (never before noun) like

53、ly to do something 易于 (或倾向于) 做某事 PhrasesPhrasesProtests are liable to occur throughout the prime ministers visit. 例句例句翻译翻译缺乏睡眠你就容易出错。 Without sleep you are liable to make mistakes. 释义释义1vt. to stop something that you are doing or planning to do, especially because it is too difficult to continue 中止，

54、放弃PhrasesPhrases例句例句翻译翻译The climbers finally abandoned their attempt on the mountain. 登山者们最终放弃了攀登这座山的尝试。 例句例句翻译翻译The plans for reform were quietly abandoned. 改革的诸多计划都悄无声息地终止了。 abandon 释义释义2例句例句翻译翻译那辆轿车被发现丢弃在附近的一个小镇上。 The car was found abandoned in a nearby town. vt. to leave someone when you should

55、stay with them and look after them 抛弃；遗弃 PhrasesPhrases例句例句翻译翻译The heartless man abandoned his wife and children. 那个无情的男子遗弃了妻子和孩子。 abandon 释义释义例句例句翻译翻译大家都想获得良好的教育。 desirable A good education is highly desirable. a. something that is desirable has qualities that make you want it 令人向往的 PhrasesPhrases例

56、句例句翻译翻译Experience of marketing is highly desirable. 有市场营销经验者尤佳。What personal qualities are desirable in a teacher? (Jun. 2003, CET-4, Short Answer Questions )真题真题释义释义例句例句翻译翻译发电而不造成污染是完全可行的。Its perfectly feasible to produce electricity without creating pollution. a. possible or likely to succeed 可行的；

57、可能的 PhrasesPhrases例句例句翻译翻译Your plan is not economically feasible. 你的计划从经济上考虑是行不通的。 feasible释义释义例句例句翻译翻译先前的房主没有好好爱护这个地方。 previous The previous owner did not take very good care of the place. a. (only before noun) a previous event, period, or thing happened or existed before the one you are talking ab

58、out 先前的；以前的PhrasesPhrases例句例句翻译翻译Mark has two children from a previous marriage. 马克的上一次婚姻给他留下了两个孩子。 although our age exceeds all previous ages in knowledge, there has been no corresponding increase in wisdom. (Jan. 1995, CET-4, Reading comprehension)真题真题释义释义例句例句翻译翻译你不听劝说，因此征求别人的意见也就没有什么意义了。there is

59、no point (in) doing sth You dont take advice so there is no point in asking for it. there is no sense in doing something 做某事没有意义 PhrasesPhrases例句例句翻译翻译There is no point in arguing with him further. 继续和他争下去是没有意义的。释义释义例句例句翻译翻译钱可以带来幸福感，从一定程度上说是这样的，但金钱买不到一切。up to a point Money can bring the sense of hap

60、piness, up to a point, but money cant buy anything. to some degree but not completely 在某种 (或一定) 程度上 PhrasesPhrases例句例句翻译翻译I enjoy my profession up to a point , but it certainly doesnt rule my life. 在一定程度上，我喜欢我的职业，但它当然不能主宰我的生活。 释义释义例句例句翻译翻译他力劝他们不要对和平努力绝望。He urged them not to give up on peace efforts.