大学英语精读Unit 2 Fruitful Questions

1、Unit 2 Fruitful Questionscreativity is so delicate a flower that praise tends to make it bloom while discouragement often nips it at the bud. - Alex OsbornWarm-up Questions1. Look at the three pictures of an orange, a tomato and a strawberry. Which one does not belong to the same group as the other

2、two? Why?2. Do you think its important to develop students ability to see things in fresh ways? Why or why not? Useful Expressions1.直线型思维直线型思维linear thinking 2. 改变模式改变模式shift paradigms3. 重新审视相关因素重新审视相关因素refocus parameters4. 给出非常自以为是的答案给出非常自以为是的答案deliver ones smug answer5. 与某人争论与某人争论argue with sb. 6.

3、 宇宙的中心宇宙的中心the center of the universe7. 地球中心学地球中心学an Earth-centered system8. 寻求；追索寻求；追索quest for 9. 暴露于暴露于be exposed to10. （给人）接种疫苗（给人）接种疫苗vaccinate sb. against11. 感染（疾病）感染（疾病）contract (a disease)12. 提出；使注意提出；使注意bring up 13. 社会的演变发展社会的演变发展the evolution of the society14. 大声要求或抗议大声要求或抗议clamor for15. 快

4、速获得快速获得instant access to16. 不断增长的不断增长的ever-growing17. 下载资料数据下载资料数据download volumes of data18. 信息高速公路信息高速公路the super information highway19. 惊天动地的惊天动地的Earth-shattering20. 发现信息发现信息uncover information21. 预防性药品预防性药品preventive medicine22. 收集信息收集信息accumulate informationSesame Street Sesame Street Sesame St

5、reet is an educational American childrens television series designed for preschoolers, and is recognized as a pioneer of the contemporary standard which combines education and entertainment in childrens television shows. It is produced in the United States by Sesame Workshop, and broadcasted on Nove

6、mber 10, 1969 on the National Educational Television network. Because of its positive influence, Sesame Street has earned the distinction of being the foremost and most highly regarded educator of children in the world. No television series has matched its level of recognition and success on the int

7、ernational stage. The original series has been televised in 120 countries, and more than 20 international versions have been produced. In its long and illustrious history, Sesame Street has received more Emmy Awards than any other program, and has captured the allegiance, esteem, and affection of mi

8、llions of viewers worldwide. Hagen-Dazs and Reuben Mattus Reuben Mattus, a young entrepreneur with a passion for quality and a vision for creating the finest ice cream, worked in his mothers ice cream business selling fruit ice and ice cream pops from a horse drawn wagon in the bustling streets of t

9、he Bronx, New York. To produce the finest ice cream available, he insisted on using only the finest, purest ingredients. The family business grew and prospered throughout the 1930s, 40s and 50s, and by 1961 Mr. Mattus decided to form a new company dedicated to his ice cream vision. He called his new

10、 brand Hagen-Dazs, to convey an aura of the old-world traditions and craftsmanship to which he remained dedicated. Hagen-Dazs started out with only three flavors: vanilla, chocolate and coffee. But Mr. Mattus passion for quality soon took him to the four corners of the globe. The Hagen-Dazs brand qu

11、ickly developed a loyal following. Then in 1976, Mr. Mattus daughter Doris opened the first Hagen-Dazs shop. It was an immediate success, and its popularity led to a rapid expansion of Hagen-Dazs shops across the country.Edward Jenner: a pioneer in vaccination Edward Jenner was an English country do

12、ctor who pioneered vaccination. Edward Jenner was born on May 17, 1749 in the small village of Berkeley in Gloucestershire. From an early age Jenner was a keen observer of nature and after nine years as a surgeons apprentice he went to St. Georges Hospital, London to study anatomy (解剖学解剖学) and surge

13、ry under the prominent surgeon John Hunter. After completing his studies, he returned to his hometown Berkeley to set up a medical practice where he stayed until his death in 1823. In the eighteenth century, before Jenner, smallpox was a killer disease, as widespread as cancer or heart diseases in t

14、he twentieth century but with the difference that the majority of its victims were infants and young children. Edward Jenner pioneered vaccination. Jenners discovery in 1796 that vaccination with cowpox gave immunity (免免疫疫) to smallpox, was an immense medical breakthrough and has saved countless liv

15、es. In 1980, as a result of Jenners discovery, the World Health Assembly officially declared “the world and its peoples” free from endemic smallpox. Nicolas Copernicus Born on Feb. 19, 1473, in Thorn (Torun), Poland, Copernicus is said to be the founder of modern astronomy. The son of a prosperous m

16、erchant, he was raised after his fathers death by a maternal uncle. At the age of nineteen, he was sent to the University of Krakow to study mathematics, optics (光学光学) and canon (基督教教规基督教教规) law in Italy. In 1530, Copernicus completed and gave to the world his great work De Revolutionibus, which ass

17、erted that the earth rotated on its axis (地轴线地轴线) once daily and traveled around the sun once yearly. Concerning Questions1. What was the question the father asked his children?2. What was the answer the children were expected to answer?3. What were the answers the children supplied?4. Did the fathe

18、r think their answers correct ?why or why not?5. Did he think his childrens thinking important? Cite evidence from the text to support your view. 6. To what does the father connect his childrens thinking ? 7. What did Copernicus do to deserve to be remembered as one of the worlds greatest astronomer

19、s?8. What did Edward Jenner do in an effort to conquer smallpox?9. What did the authors children do to deserve to be considered as good as great figures like Copernicus in a way?Part divisionPart I(1-5): The authors children teach him about paradigm shiftsPart II(6-8):Three examples of shifting old

20、paradigms in historyPart III(9-12):The importance of shifting old paradigms.Part IV(13):The author encourages people to look at information in a new way.1. shift: n. 1)a change in the way people think about something, in the way something is done, etc. For most city dwellers, it is a welcome shift f

21、rom town to country life. 2) if workers in a factory, hospital, etc. work shifts, they work for a particular period of time during the day or night, and are then replaced by others, so that there are always people working. He is on the night shift this week. v. 1) move from one place or position to

22、another, or make something do this . Dont try to shift the responsibility onto me. The wind has shifted from north to south.shift the blame / responsibility onto (somebody)把责任推给（某人）把责任推给（某人）shift ones ground改变立场或方法改变立场或方法shift for oneself自谋生计自谋生计 move, shift, transfer & remove这些动词均可表示这些动词均可表示“从一

23、处移往另一处从一处移往另一处”之意。之意。move 普通用词，指从一处到另一外的任何距离的转普通用词，指从一处到另一外的任何距离的转.例例如：如：It was calm and not a leaf moved.shift 侧重位置与方向的改变。例如：侧重位置与方向的改变。例如：The cargo has shifted by the movement of the ship. transfer 一般表示转送或移交迁移，尤指交通运输中的一般表示转送或移交迁移，尤指交通运输中的换换 乘或职务的调动乘或职务的调动 等。例如等。例如: The head office has been transfe

24、rred from Shanghai to Beijing.remove 作作“移动移动”解时，与解时，与move可换用，其内涵较窄，可换用，其内涵较窄，多指从某处移不要的东西；还可指撤职或开除学藉多指从某处移不要的东西；还可指撤职或开除学藉等。例如：等。例如：Please remove your bag from the seat so that I can sit down.2. belong to属于属于；是；是的成员的成员 belong in归类于；应该在某处归类于；应该在某处 The properties belong to my aunt now.3. deliver: v.1)

25、take (letters, parcels, goods, etc.) to the places or people they are addressed The parcel was delivered to my door.2) make a speech, etc. to a lot of people She delivered a talk on philosophy to the society.3) do or provide the things you are expected to, because you are responsible for them or the

26、y are part of your job. If you cant deliver improved sales figure, youll be fired.4. argue: v. 1) disagree with someone in words, often in an angry way We argued with the waiter about the price of the meal.2) state or give clear reasons that sth. is true, should be done, etc. He was arguing that pov

27、erty may be a blessing.3) persuade sb. to do or not to do something They argued him into withdrawing his complaint. argue with sb. about / over sth. argue for / against argue sb. into / out of doing sth.argue, debate, dispute & discuss这些动词都可表示这些动词都可表示“辩论，争论，说理辩论，争论，说理”之意。之意。argue 指提出理由或证据为自己或自己一

28、方的看法或立场指提出理由或证据为自己或自己一方的看法或立场辩护，着重说理辩护，着重说理、论证和企图说服。论证和企图说服。debate 侧重指意见等对立的双方之间正式或公开的争辩。侧重指意见等对立的双方之间正式或公开的争辩。dispute 侧重对分歧进行激烈或热烈的争论或争辩，带一侧重对分歧进行激烈或热烈的争论或争辩，带一感情色彩，常隐含感情色彩，常隐含“各持已见各持已见”或或“争论不休争论不休”意味。意味。discuss 最常用词，指就某一或某些问题表明观点、看法等，最常用词，指就某一或某些问题表明观点、看法等，以便统一认识，解决问题。以便统一认识，解决问题。 The House of Com

29、mons () the proposal for three weeks. His latest book() the problems of the disabled.The minister ()that cuts in military spending were needed. Whether his new method will work is still (). . 5. outdo: v. be better or more successful than someone else at doing sth. She determined to outdo her brothe

30、r at work and games.Not to be outdone, he tried again.out 通常放在名词的前面表示通常放在名词的前面表示“外面外面”或或“外部外部”的的意思。意思。She did her washing in one of the outhouses. Youd better get petrol here where we are going is the last outpost of civilization.out 通常放在动词的前面表示通常放在动词的前面表示“超过超过”或或“超越超越”的的意思。意思。Women in this age grou

31、p outnumber men by three to one.When he retired he felt he had outlived his usefulness.Question1. What is the grammatical function of “forced as kids to eat them in salads”? Paraphrase the sentence. It is a past participle modifying “those of us”. To those of us who were forced to eat tomatoes in sa

32、lads during childhood, they surely belong to vegetables.2. Translate the sentence into Chinese. 对我们这些从小就被迫吃拌在色拉里的西红对我们这些从小就被迫吃拌在色拉里的西红柿的人来说，西红柿永远是蔬菜。柿的人来说，西红柿永远是蔬菜。6. abandon: v.1) leave a ship because it is sinking The sailors were ordered to abandon the sinking ship.2) stop doing sth. because ther

33、e are too many problems and it is impossible to continue The match was abandoned because of bad weather.We urge people who smoke to abandon the habit.abandon, discard, leave & give up这些动词或词组均有“抛弃、放弃”之意abandon 强调永远或完全放弃或抛弃人或事物强调永远或完全放弃或抛弃人或事物等，这可能是被迫的，也可能等，这可能是被迫的，也可能 是自愿的。是自愿的。discard 着重指抛弃不再需要或

34、追求的人或东西。着重指抛弃不再需要或追求的人或东西。leave 普通用词，指舍弃某事或某一职业，或终普通用词，指舍弃某事或某一职业，或终止同一某人的关系，但不涉止同一某人的关系，但不涉 及动机与后果。及动机与后果。give up 普通用语，侧重指没有希望或因外界压普通用语，侧重指没有希望或因外界压力而放弃。力而放弃。1. Father repaired the toy that I had (). 2. The student was just about to () the question, when suddenly he found the answer. 3. The cruel m

35、an() his wife and children.4. She() music to study engineering. 7. expose: v. 1) uncover or make (sth.) visible; display When she smiled she exposed a set of perfect white teeth.2) put someone in a situation where they are not protected from sth. dangerous or unpleasant Soldiers were exposed to the

36、enemys gunfire. The baby was left exposed to the wind and rain.3) show the truth about sb. or sth. , especially when it is bad That unfortunate remark exposed his ignorance of the subject.expose ones skin to the sun使皮肤暴露于阳光下使皮肤暴露于阳光下expose oneself to criticism遭受批评遭受批评expose oneself to the wind and r

37、ain经历风吹雨打经历风吹雨打expose a crime揭露一宗罪行揭露一宗罪行expose a film使一卷胶卷曝光使一卷胶卷曝光8. mild: adj.1. She is a very mild-mannered person.2. He has too mild a nature to get angry, even if he has good reason.3. Its been a mild winter this year. 4. People in the north like to eat hot food, while people in the south tend

38、 to eat milder food.5. He suffered a mild heart attack.9. QuestionWhat is the implied meaning of the sentence?So far, the education system has not been very successful.10. reminder: n. sth. that makes you notice remember or think about sth. The photographs are a lasting reminder of life in the 1920s

39、. (1) remind sb. to do sth. (2) remind sb. of sth. (3) remind sb. that-clause11. bring up: 1) look after and influence a child until he or she is grown up2) mention a subject or start to talk about it3) vomitbring about导致，引起导致，引起bring around / round说服，使信服；使恢复知觉或健康说服，使信服；使恢复知觉或健康bring down使落下，打倒；降低，减

40、少使落下，打倒；降低，减少bring forth产生，提出产生，提出bring forward提出，提议提出，提议bring out出版，推出；使显出出版，推出；使显出bring through使（病人）脱险，使安全度过使（病人）脱险，使安全度过Question1. What is the function of the subordinate clause introduced by where ?It is an attributive clause used to modify the word “point”. 2. Translate the sentence into Chines

41、e. 我提出这一点，是因为我们的社会似乎发展我提出这一点，是因为我们的社会似乎发展到了这样一个阶段，人人都大声要求得到更到了这样一个阶段，人人都大声要求得到更多的技术，大声要求即刻享用不断增多的信多的技术，大声要求即刻享用不断增多的信息。息。1. Paraphrase this sentenceOnly if we shift our paradigms and refocus our parameters can we take the great advantage of the super information highway.2. Translate the sentence into Chinese.但是，除非我们改变范式、重新看待相关的但是，除非我们改变范式、重新看待相关的各种因素，否则，信息高速公路就不会给各种因素，否则，信息高速公路就不会给我们带来什么结果。我们带来什么结果。13. What can we infer f