中央电大开放英语过去完成时

1、 过去完成时过去完成时 含义 过去的过去Now过去完成时=过去时+完成时构成had + 过去分词 现在完成时： have +过去分词 过去完成时：had + 过去分词过去时基本结构 肯定句：主语+had+过去分词. 否定句：主语+had + not+过去分词. 一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词? 肯定回答：Yes,主语+had. 否定回答：No,主语+had not . 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（Had+主语+过去分词）？ 被动语态：主语+had（hadnt) + been+过去分词时间状语过去完成时的时间状语 before, by the time, until , whe

2、n, after, once, as soon as 用法 （1 1）表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动）表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即作，也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即“过去的过去过去的过去”。 可以用byby, beforebefore等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示。 例如： By nine oclock last night, we had gotten 200 pictures from the spaceship. 到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200 张飞船发来的图片

3、。 By the time I got to the station, the bus had left already. 当我到达车站的时候，车已经离开了。I had never seen this kind of trees before I came to Paris. 在我来巴黎之前，我从来没有见过这种树。（2 2）表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延）表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。 常和常和for, sincefor, since构成的时间状语连用。构成的时间状语连用。 例如： I had been at the bus sto

4、p for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 当车来的时候，我在车站已等了20分钟。 He said he had worked in that factory since 1949. 他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。 （3 3）叙述过去发生的事情叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过，在已叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补述以前去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时，常使用过去完成时。发生的动作时，常使用过去完成时。 例如： Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of m

5、ine. 史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。 I didnt know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson. 我对动词一无所知，因为我没有好好学习功课。 （4 4）在含有）在含有定语从句定语从句的主从复合句中，如的主从复合句中，如果叙述的是过去的事，先发生的动作常用果叙述的是过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去完成时。过去完成时。 例如： I returned the book that I had borrowed. 我已归还了我借的书。 She found the key that she had lost. 她

6、丢失的钥匙找到了。 （5 5）过去完成时常常用在）过去完成时常常用在told, said told, said ，knew, knew, heard, thoughtheard, thought等动词后的等动词后的宾语从句宾语从句（或间接引（或间接引语）中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过语）中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。去的动作之前。 例如： He said that he had known her well. 他说他很熟悉她。 I thought I had sent the letter a week before. 我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。 （6 6）

7、 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在前，用过在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在前，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。 如when, before, after, as soon，as, till/until引导的 例如： When I woke up, it had already stopped raining. 我醒来时雨已停了。 She didnt go to bed until she had finished her work. 她直到把工作做完之后才睡觉。 （7 7）动词）动词think, want, hope, mean, plan,

8、 intendthink, want, hope, mean, plan, intend等用等用过去完成时来表示过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现过去未曾实现的想法，希望，打算或意的想法，希望，打算或意图等图等。 例如： They had wanted to help but could not get there in time. 他们本来打算去帮忙，但没有及时赶到那里。 We had hoped to be able to come and see you . 我们本来希望能来看看你。 （8 8）过去完成时还可用在）过去完成时还可用在hardlywhen, no hardlywhen, no s

9、oonerthan, It was the first (second, etc) soonerthan, It was the first (second, etc) time (that)time (that)等固定句型中。等固定句型中。It was the third time that he had been out of work that year. 这是他那一年第三次失业了。 Hardwhen. 一就例如： He had hardly begun to speak when the audience interrupted him. 他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。 注意：注意：

10、把把 hardly hardly 提前，须倒装提前，须倒装 Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him. No soonerthan 一 就 He had no sooner arrived than he went away again. 他刚到就又走了。注意：注意：No sooner No sooner 提前，要倒装提前，要倒装 No sooner had he arrived than he went away again. It was the third time that he had been ou

11、t of work that year. 这是他那一年第三次失业了。 1.-Were you surprised by the ending of the film?-No, I _the book, so I already knew the story?A. was reading B. had read C. am reading D. have read-Were you surprised by the ending of the film?-No, I _the book, so I already knew the story?A. was reading B. had read

12、 C. am reading D. have read答案：答案：B. B. 考点：考点：本题考查时态用法。解析：解析：句意为“我看过书了，已知道这个故事”。在“knew”前已看过，故用过去完成时。2.I was just going to cut my rose bushes but someone it. Was it you?A. has done B. had done C. would do D. will doI was just going to cut my rose bushes but someone it. Was it you?A. has done B. had do

13、ne C. would do D. will do答案：答案：B考点：考点：考查动词时态。解析：解析：该空动作发生在was just going to cut之前，即表示过去的过去，故用过去完成时态。句意为：“我正要剪切我的蔷薇丛但（发现）有人已经将它剪切了。是你干的吗？”3.Peter , where did you guys go for the summer vacation?We_ busy with our work for months, so we went to the beach to relax ourselves. A. were B. have been C. had

14、been D. will be Peter , where did you guys go for the summer vacation?We_ busy with our work for months, so we went to the beach to relax ourselves. A. were B. have been C. had been D. will be 选C. 考查时态题. 我们去海边发生在过去. 而我们忙于工作在此之前. 因此用过去完成时. 4.It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciat

15、e what they _ for me. A. had done B. did C. would do D. were doingIt took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they _ for me. A. had done B. did C. would do D. were doing答案：答案：A考点考点:本题考查过去完成时和一般过去时的区别。解析：解析：整个句子时态用的是一般过去时，我能够表示感谢就已经是过去，而他们对我的帮助则是过去的过去。因此选A。5The hotel wasnt parti

16、cularly good，but Iin many worse hotels.A.was stayingB.stayedC.would stayD.had stayed答案 D解析 由句中的worse可知该句是表达比较的含义，故本题句意应为:这家旅馆并不特别好，但是我住过比它更差的旅馆。由于“The hotel wasnt particularly good”中的时态是一般过去时态，所以stay这一动作应发生在描述情况之前，故须用过去完成时态。The hotel wasnt particularly good，but Iin many worse hotels.A.was stayingB.s

17、tayedC.would stayD.had stayed6.(We first met on a train in 2000.We both felt immediately that weeach other for years.A.knewB.have knownC.had knownD.knowWe first met on a train in 2000.We both felt immediately that weeach other for years.A.knewB.have knownC.had knownD.know答案 C解析 句意为：我们于2000年在火车上第一次相遇

18、。我们两人都立刻觉得我们好像已认识了好多年。that从句中know的动作发生在句子谓语动词felt之前，因此从句谓语动词应用过去完成时态。7.()They became friends again that day. Until then， theyto each other for nearly two years.A.didnt speakB.hadnt spokenC.havent spokenD.havent been speakingThey became friends again that day. Until then， theyto each other for nearly

19、 two years.A.didnt speakB.hadnt spokenC.havent spokenD.havent been speaking答案 B解析 到过去某个时间为止所完成的动作用过去完成时态。8.()Did Alan enjoy seeing his old friends yesterday?Yes，he did.Hehis old friends for a long time.A.didnt seeB.wouldnt seeC.hasnt seenD.hadnt seenDid Alan enjoy seeing his old friends yesterday?Yes，he did.Hehis old friends for a long time.A.didnt seeB.wouldnt seeC.hasnt seenD.hadnt seen答案 D解析 for a long time与完成时连用，且前一句中用一般过去时，因此此处应用过去完成时态。9.() At the end