U4B6WordsandExpressions(语言点)

1、Words and Expressions Unit4 Book61. consume 1. consume (v.) : to use sth esp. fuel energy or time； to eat or drink 消耗、消耗、耗费；吃，喝；消费耗费；吃，喝；消费 Hungrily the cat consumes the fish. The British consume a vast amount of tea each year. （n.） consumer消费者消费者; consumption -consuming oil-consuming countries. 石油消

2、费国石油消费国 It is very space-consuming. 这东西很占地方。这东西很占地方。2. come about发生；造成发生；造成(1)come about是不及物动词短语，不能接是不及物动词短语，不能接宾语，也没有被动语态。宾语，也没有被动语态。(2)come across偶然碰见，无意中找到偶然碰见，无意中找到come on跟着来，跟上来；快点跟着来，跟上来；快点come out 出现；出现； (花花)开；出版，发行开；出版，发行come to总计，达到；归纳为总计，达到；归纳为come up走近；上走近；上(楼楼)去；发芽；被提出去；发芽；被提出come up wit

3、h赶上；提出赶上；提出(建议建议)7.完成句子完成句子(1)_(这这种情况是如何发生的种情况是如何发生的)that the daily products were harmful to children?(2)He had never _(遇见过像遇见过像Sheila这种人这种人)(3)Is that the best excuse _(你能想出你能想出的的)?come across a person like SheilaHow did it come aboutyou can come up with【注意】come about为不及物动词短语，表示为不及物动词短语，表示“发生发生”的意思

4、。其同义词为的意思。其同义词为happen, occur, break out, take place。这些词均为不及物动词，均没有被。这些词均为不及物动词，均没有被动语态形式。动语态形式。3subscribe to 同意；赞成；订购同意；赞成；订购All scientists subscribe to the view that the increase in the earths temperature is due to the burning of fossil fuels like coal，natural gas and oil to produce energy.(P26)所有的

5、科所有的科学家赞同这种观点：人们为了生产能量而学家赞同这种观点：人们为了生产能量而燃烧化石燃料，例如煤，天然气和石油，燃烧化石燃料，例如煤，天然气和石油，从而引起了地球温度的升高。从而引起了地球温度的升高。1. Ive never subscribe to the theory that people are more important than animals.我从来没有同意过人比动物更重要的理论。我从来没有同意过人比动物更重要的理论。2. Are you going to subscribe to the opera this season? 你要订购这一季的歌剧票吗？你要订购这一季的歌

6、剧票吗？3. They subscribed to local charities. subcription n. 订金订金,订阅订阅 subscriber n. 订户，捐献者订户，捐献者4. quantity n量；数量量；数量 The problem begins when we add huge quantities of extra carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.(P26)当我们向空气中排放大量的当我们向空气中排放大量的多余的二氧化碳的时候，问题就开始了。多余的二氧化碳的时候，问题就开始了。Quantities of food were spre

7、ad out on the table.许多食品被摊放在桌子上。许多食品被摊放在桌子上。in quantityin large amounts大量地大量地a large/small quantity of大大/少量的少量的quantities of大量；许多大量；许多 【易错提示易错提示】a quantity of后可接不可数名词或可数名词的后可接不可数名词或可数名词的复数形式。但当它作主语时复数形式。但当它作主语时谓语动词谓语动词一般用一般用单单数形式数形式，而，而quantities of作主语时，不论其后作主语时，不论其后的名词为可数或不可数，的名词为可数或不可数，谓语动词谓语动词都用都

8、用复数复数。(1)Why does the lake smell terrible?Because large quantities of water_.Ahave polluted Bis being pollutedChas been polluted D. have been polluted解析解析quantities of.作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。(2)卡车上发现藏有大量的武器。卡车上发现藏有大量的武器。_arms were discovered hidden in the trucks.(3)量变引起质变。量变引起质变。The changes of

9、_cause the changes of_.DQuantities ofquantityquality5tend v趋向；易于；照顾；护理趋向；易于；照顾；护理It means that more heat energy tends to be trapped in the atmosphere causing the global temperature to go up.(P26)这就意味着更多的热量被困在大气层中，这就意味着更多的热量被困在大气层中，从而引起全球温度上升了。从而引起全球温度上升了。1. Janet tends to get very angry if you disag

10、ree with her.你如果不顺着珍妮特，她往往会大发脾气。你如果不顺着珍妮特，她往往会大发脾气。2. The sort of music he listens to varies，but tends toward popular music.他所听的音乐他所听的音乐形形色色，不过倾向于流行音乐。形形色色，不过倾向于流行音乐。tend to do sth.易于易于/往往会做某事往往会做某事tend to/towards sth.有有的趋势；倾向的趋势；倾向于于tend to sb./sth.照料；照管照料；照管have a tendency to do sth.有做某事的倾向有做某事的倾向

11、/可能性可能性 即境活用即境活用5He_to lose his temper if you dont obey the rule.Atends BintendsCpretends Dbends解析解析tend to易于。易于。intend to 打算；打算；pretend 假装；假装；bend 弯腰。弯腰。A6result in导致导致They also agree that it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide.(P26)他们还赞

12、同下他们还赞同下述观点，正是由于越来越多地燃烧化石燃料述观点，正是由于越来越多地燃烧化石燃料导致了二氧化碳的增加。导致了二氧化碳的增加。The accident resulted in the death of two passengers.这起事故导致两名乘客死亡。这起事故导致两名乘客死亡。result from.由由造成；因造成；因而产生而产生as a result 结果结果as a result of.由于由于的结果的结果without result 没有结果；白费没有结果；白费【即时应用即时应用】He had been working day and night for the pas

13、t two weeks.(1)_，the doctors agreed that his sudden disease resulted (2)_ overwork. Such a conclusion resulted (3)_ his being away from his work for a month.(4)_ that，I had to take his place.As a result ofAs a resultfromin7. oppose vt.反对；反抗；与反对；反抗；与(某人某人)较量较量On the other hand，there are those，like Ge

14、orge Hambley，who are opposed to this view and believe that we should not worry about high levels of carbon dioxide in the air.(P27)另一方面，还有一些人像另一方面，还有一些人像George Hambley反对反对上述观点，认为我们不必担心空气中会有高含上述观点，认为我们不必担心空气中会有高含量的二氧化碳。量的二氧化碳。1. I would oppose changing the law.我将反对改变这个法规。我将反对改变这个法规。2. My father was v

15、iolently opposed to my going abroad.我父亲极力反对我出国。我父亲极力反对我出国。完成句子完成句子(1)广州许多居民反对拆除旧房子的计划。广州许多居民反对拆除旧房子的计划。Many residents in Guangzhou _ the plan of tearing down the old buildings.(2)不要用你的意愿和我的相抗衡。不要用你的意愿和我的相抗衡。Dont _ your will _ mine.(3)我们强烈反对你在这个危险时期出国的决定。这是我们强烈反对你在这个危险时期出国的决定。这是一个不明智的决定。一个不明智的决定。We s

16、trongly _ at this time of danger. It is not a wise decision.oppose/are opposed toopposeagainstoppose your decision to go abroad8. state v陈述；说明陈述；说明 n状态；情况状态；情况.Hambley states，“More carbon dioxide is actually a positive thing.” (P27) Hambley说，说，“二氧化碳含量的二氧化碳含量的增加实际上是件好事。增加实际上是件好事。”The witness stated t

17、hat he had not seen the woman before.证人说他以前从未见过那个女人。证人说他以前从未见过那个女人。The roads are in a terrible state after the severe winter weather.严冬过后，这些公路的路况极差。严冬过后，这些公路的路况极差。state that.陈述；说明陈述；说明It is stated that.陈述；说明陈述；说明as stated above如上所述如上所述in a.state处于处于状态状态make a statement陈述；发表声明陈述；发表声明完成句子完成句子(1)_(据宣称据

18、宣称)they would continue to work there until the flood went away.(2)Jane was _ (状态很糟状态很糟)after losing her job.It was stated thatin a terrible state9range n种类；范围；幅度；界限种类；范围；幅度；界限 v.(在一定范围内在一定范围内)变动；变化；排列变动；变化；排列.it will encourage a greater range of animals.(P27)这将对更大范围的动物起到鼓动作用这将对更大范围的动物起到鼓动作用There wil

19、l be an increase in the range of 0 to 3 percent.将会有将会有0到到3个百分点的增长幅度。个百分点的增长幅度。 beyond/out of ones range超出某人的超出某人的(价格、价格、年龄年龄)范围范围within the range of在在范围之内范围之内range from.to从从到到之间变化之间变化用适当的介词填空用适当的介词填空(1)The temperature of this city ranges _ 0 _30.(2)A wide range _ buildings have sprung up along the r

20、iver.fromtoof10Even if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases，the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries.(even if即使；尽管，即使；尽管，引导让步状语从句。引导让步状语从句。)即使他知道了这件事，也不能帮你。即使他知道了这件事，也不能帮你。_Even if he knew about it，he couldnt help you.11glance vi.看一下；瞥一眼；匆

21、匆一看；扫看一下；瞥一眼；匆匆一看；扫视视 n一瞥一瞥Glance quickly at the magazine article and answer the questions.(P27)迅速看一下杂志上的文章并回答问题。迅速看一下杂志上的文章并回答问题。He walked away without a backward glance.他头也不回地扬长而去。他头也不回地扬长而去。glance at看一眼；瞥一眼看一眼；瞥一眼glance over/through the newspaper浏览报纸浏览报纸at a glance立刻；一眼；立刻；一眼；(只只)看一眼看一眼take/show/

22、throw a glance(at sb./sth.)(朝某人朝某人/某物某物)一瞥；看一眼一瞥；看一眼(1)他匆匆地浏览了晨报然后出去了。他匆匆地浏览了晨报然后出去了。He _ the morning paper and went out.(2)我扫视了一下大厅，发现观众中有许多熟悉的面我扫视了一下大厅，发现观众中有许多熟悉的面孔。孔。I _the hall and found many familiar faces among the audience.(3)他一眼就看出了问题所在。他一眼就看出了问题所在。He could tell _what was wrong.glanced over

23、took a glance atat a glance12on the whole大体上；总的来说大体上；总的来说On the whole, Im in favour of the idea.大体来说，我赞成这个想法。大体来说，我赞成这个想法。On the whole, life was much quieter after John left.总的来说，自从约翰离开以后，生活变得平静总的来说，自从约翰离开以后，生活变得平静多了。多了。即境活用即境活用15There are some spelling and grammar mistakes in your graduation paper,

24、 but_it is satisfactory.Aabove all Bin shortCon the whole Don the other hand解析解析on the whole大体上，基本上。大体上，基本上。above all最最为重要的是；为重要的是；in short简而言之；简而言之；on the other hand另一方面。另一方面。C用于表示总结的短语用于表示总结的短语 in conclusion 总之，最后总之，最后 all in all 总而言之，总的来说总而言之，总的来说 in short 简而言之简而言之 to conclude 最后最后 to sum up 总之总之

25、 to summarize 总之总之13average adj.平均的；普通的；一般的平均的；普通的；一般的 n平均数平均数 v算出算出的平均数的平均数The greenhouse effect gives the earths surface the average temperature of 15.(P29)温室效应使地球表面的平均温度保持在温室效应使地球表面的平均温度保持在15。(1)On average，men smoke more cigarettes than women.平均起来，男子比女子吸烟多。平均起来，男子比女子吸烟多。(2)Economic growth in this

26、 city is well above the national average.本市的经济增长远在全国平均之上。本市的经济增长远在全国平均之上。an average of.的平均数的平均数(后跟数词后跟数词)an average rate/cost/price平均比率平均比率/成本成本/价格价格above/below (the) average高于高于/低于平均水平低于平均水平on average平均地；通常；按平均值平均地；通常；按平均值up_to average达到平均数；达到一般水准达到平均数；达到一般水准average out算出平均数算出平均数(1)He smokes twenty

27、 cigarettes a day _.(2)If your grades are _，you shall get a reward.(3)I _ the total increase at about 10%.on averageabove averageaveraged out14on behalf of 代表代表；作为；作为的代言人的代言人I am doing a project on behalf of my school about global warming.(P30)我正代表学校做一项关于全球变暖的课题研究。我正代表学校做一项关于全球变暖的课题研究。The president

28、cant be here today，so Im going to speak on his behalf.今天总裁不能来，所以我今天总裁不能来，所以我将代表他发言。将代表他发言。 on ones behalf代表某人代表某人(on behalf of sb.)represent sb. 代表某人代表某人【即时应用即时应用】(1)He spoke _(代表代表)all staffs of the company.(2)She _ (代表代表)her fellowworkers at the union meeting.on behalf ofrepresented15put up with忍受

29、；容忍忍受；容忍We do not have to put up with pollution.(P30)我们不必去忍受污染。我们不必去忍受污染。That woman has a lot to put up with.那个女人要面对许多困难。那个女人要面对许多困难。put up with sb./sth.忍受某人忍受某人/事事cant stand sb./sth.无法容忍某人无法容忍某人/事事cant stand/bear doing/to do sth. 无法忍受做某事无法忍受做某事cant stand sb. doing sth.无法忍受某人做某无法忍受某人做某事事(1)我不能再忍受你这种

30、无礼的态度了，请离开我不能再忍受你这种无礼的态度了，请离开这个房间。这个房间。I cant _your rudeness any more；leave the room，please.(2)我不知道你是如何忍受他们无休止的争吵的。我不知道你是如何忍受他们无休止的争吵的。I dont know how you_their constant quarrelling.put up withput up with16 It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using it.(P30)只要你用电气设备，让它开着是可以的只要你用电气设备，让它开着是可以的as/so long as 可以引导条件状语从句，表示可以引导条件状语从句，表示“只要只要”，这一用法可以用，这一用法可以用on condition that替换。应该注意的是，替换。应该注意的是，as long as还可以表还可以表示原级比较，意为示原级比较，意为“和和一样长一样