初中反义疑问句讲义

1、一、专题知识梳理反义疑问句(The Disjunctive Question或Question tags)即附加疑问句。它表示提问人的 看法，没有把握，需要对方证实。 反义疑问句由两部分组成：前一部分是一个陈述句，后一 部分是一个简短的疑问句，两部分的人称时态应保持一致。主要形式:陈述部分肯定式+疑问部分否定式；陈述部分否定式+疑问部分肯定式。陈述部分和疑问部分要么前肯后否，要么前否后肯。这类反义疑问句有时带有感情色彩， 表示惊奇，愤怒，讽刺，不服气等。例如:You call this a days work，dont you?你说这就叫一天的活儿，不是吗？读法规则: 反义疑问句陈述部分用降调

2、，问句部分可升可降。提问者对陈述部分把握较大时，问句部分 用降调；反之用升调。解题步骤：广1、找主语2、找否定词3、选用适当的动词(be动词、助动词、情态动词 )二、专题精讲主语附加疑问句中主语用和主句一致的主语，用主格。不定代词当陈述部分的主语是(1) o ne时，后面的疑问句可用on e/he.(2) no one时，后面附加疑问句中主语用they.(3) 当陈述部分的主语为 everythi ng,somethi ng,a nythi ng. no thi ng等表示物的不定代词时，附加疑问句中主语用it不用they.Someth ing is wrong with your watch

3、, is nt it?(4) this, that或those, these时，附加疑问句中主语用it或they.(5) 当陈述部分的主语为 every on e,some on e,a nyo ne,no on等表示人的不定代词时，附加疑问句中主语一般用he(正式文体)/they(口头语，非正式文体).Every one in your family is a teacher, is nt he arent they ?不定式时，动名词，其他短语，附加疑问句中主语一般用it.(7) there be句型时，附加疑问句中一般用be/情态动词/助动词+there.否定意义的词(1) 当陈述部分有

4、 never，seldom, hardly, few，little，barely, scarcely, nothing, none,rarely， no, not, no on e, nobody, neither等否定意义的词汇时，后面的反意疑问句则为肯定形式。Therere few apples in the basket, are there?He can hardly swim, can he?They seldom come late, do they?(2) 当陈述部分含有否定意思的词是unhap py,dislike,u nfrie ndly,等含有否定词缀的派生词，也就是有un

5、,dis-前缀、-less后缀等含词缀而意思否定的词，当肯定句处理，疑问部分用否定 形式。He looks unhappy,doesnt he?他看上去不高兴，不是吗？The girl dislikes history,doesnt she?这女孩不喜欢历史，不是吗？当陈述部分有less, fewer等词视为肯定词，疑问部分用否定形式。There will be less polluti on, wont there?表示主语的词含有th ink, believe, suppose, imag ine, expec等动词后接宾语从句构成的主从复合句在构成 反意疑问句时，视情况不同有两种不同的构

6、成方式。(即当主句是I think，I believe，I supposeI imagine，I expect,I guess时要反问从句，其余句式均反问主句。)(1) 当主句的主语为第一人称时，其后的简短问句应与从句相一致。例如：I expect our En glish teacher will be back this weeke nd, wont she/he?We suppose you have fini shed the project, have nt you?值得注意的是，当这些动词后接的宾语从句的否定转移到主句时，其仍属否定句，故其 后的简短问句应用肯定式，而非否定式。例如

7、：I dont believe that he can tran slate this book, can he?We dont imagi ne the twins have arrived, have they?此类句子的回答同前否后肯型反意疑问句一样，如上述后一个句子，若双胞胎已经到了， 则回答为Yes, they have.若尚未到达，使用No, they have nt.。(2) 当主句的主语为第二、三人称时，其后的简短问句则应与主句相一致(此时，否定只看主句，与从句无关)。例如：Your sister supposes she n eeds no help, does nt she

8、?You thought they could have completed the project, did nt you?They dont believe shes an engin eer, do they?She does nt expect that we are coming so soon, does she?但如果主句的时态是过去时等等，疑问句应和主句的人称时态保持一致。反意疑问句中have， has, had的用法区分作实义动词用要借助助动词have sports 做运动；have breakfast 吃早饭作助动词用用其本身即可现在完成时与过去完成时had better,

9、 用 hadn反问。have to，借助助动词祈使句当陈述部分是祈使句时，疑问句要根据语气来表达，分三种情况1) 一 般情况下用 will you 或 wo nt you。Give me a hand, will you?Leave all the things as they are, wont you?Dont spoil your child, will you?Take his dirty gloves away ,wont you?2）以Lets（听者包括在内）开头的祈使句，前肯后可肯可否，疑问句必须用 shall we（shall 只用于第一人称）;只有以Let us（听话人不被包

10、括在us里面）或 Let me开头的祈使句，问句才 用 will you。Let us know the time of your arrival, will you?Lets try aga in, shall we?Let me help you, will you?Lets have a look on your book shall we?3）当陈述句是否定的祈使句时，问句可用will you或can you。e.g. Dont make much no ise, will/ca n you?There be 句型There be句型中，反义疑问部分必须为be动词+ thereTher

11、e are some apples in the basket, arent there?There isnt any milk left, is there?there used to be反 义疑问句有两种形式:did nt there 和 used nt there.There used to be some cities wall, used nt there或:There used to be some cities wall, did nt there?Must当陈述部分有情态动词must，问句有4种情况：（1）mustnt表示禁止，不可，不必时，附加问句通常要用 must.You

12、 must nt stop your car here, must you?你不能把车停在这地方，知道吗？（2）must表示有必要时，附加问句通常要用need nt.They must finish the work today, n eed nt they?他们今天要完成这项工作，是吗？（3）must be表推测，用来表示对现 在的情况进行推测时，问句通常要根据must后面的动词 采用相应的形式。He must be good at En glish, is nt he?他英语一定学得很好，是吗 ？She must be a good En glish teacher, is nt she

13、她一定是位优秀的英语老师，是吗 ？当must have done表示对过去的情况进行推测（一般句中有明确的过去时间状语），问句 要根据陈述部分谓语的情况用didnt+主语或wasnt/werent+主语;如果强调动作的完成（一 般没有明确的过去时间状语），问句要用havent/hasnt+主语。She must have read the no vel last week, did nt she?她上星期一定读了这本小说，不是吗？You must have told her about it, have nt you?你一定把这事告诉她了，不是吗？回答反义疑问句的原则回答反意疑问句通常应根据实

14、际情况来确定，如有人问你You are asleep, arent you?你应回答No, Im not.因为既然你能回答，肯定你还没有asleep但如果别人问你 You arent asleep, are you?你还没有睡着，对吗），你也只能回答No, Im not.（是的，还没有睡着），而不能回答 为Yes, Im not.也不能回答成 Yes, I am.It is a beautiful flower，isnt it? It isnt a beautiful flower， is it?上述两句句子的回答肯定均为Yes，it is.否定为No，it isnt.16由上述例子可知，反义

15、疑问句回答与句子本身所包含的中文肯定与否的含义并无太大关联，只需注意事实，肯定即用yes，否定用no,无需考虑句子原本是前否后肯或是前肯后否。 建议在答题时，先按照实际写后面的答句，再根据前后一致原则写Yes或No。简要总结反意疑问句19条：(1) 陈述部分的主语是I，疑问部分要用arent I / are I .rm as tall as your siste， arent I?(2) 陈述部分的谓语是wish，疑问部分要用may +主语。I wish to have a word with you, may I?(3) 陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, f

16、ew, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。The Swede made no an swer, did he / she?Some pla nts n ever blow n fF 花),do they ? 含有ought to的反意疑问句，陈述部分是肯定的，疑问部分用should nt / ought nt +主语。He ought to know what to do, ought nt he? / should nt he?(5)陈述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.)，疑问部分常用dont +主语(di

17、dnt +主语)。We have to get there at eight tomorrow, dont we? 陈述部分的谓语是used to时，疑问部分用did nt +主语或used nt + 主语。He used to take pictures there, did nt he? / used nt he?(7) 陈述部分有had better + v.疑问句部分用had nt you?Youd better read it by yourself, had nt you?(8) 陈述部分有would rather +v.，疑问部分多用 would nt +主语。He would

18、rather read it ten times tha n recite it, would nt he?(9) 陈述部分有Youd like to +v.疑问部分用would nt +主语。Youd like to go with me, would nt you?(10) 陈述部分有must的疑问句，疑问部分根据实际情况而定。He must be a doctor, is nt he?You must have studied En glish for three years, have nt you? / did nt you?He must have fini shed it yes

19、terday, did nt he?(11) 感叹句中，疑问部分用否定的助动词加sb / sth?如：【1 】What a fine day it is today!What a fine day it is today，isnt it?【2】How fast he runs!How fast he runs, doesnt he?【3】 What a long time we have been waiting!What a long time we have been waiting， havent we?2(12) 陈述部分由neithernor, either连接的并列主语时，疑问部分

20、根据其实际逻辑意义而定。Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?(13) 陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything, that, nothing, this,疑问部分主语用it。Everythi ng is ready, is nt it?(14) 陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句，疑问部分有三种情况：a. 并列复合句疑问部分，谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。Mr. Smith had bee n to Beiji ng for several times, he should have bee n in Chi na now, should nt

21、 he?b. 带有定语从句，宾语从句的主从复合句，疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定：He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?他不是给我们演讲的人，是吗 ？He said he wan ted to visit Japa n, did nt he?他说他想去日本参观，不是吗 ？c. 上述部分主句谓语是 think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引导的宾语从句, 疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反义疑问句。I dont think he is bright, is he?We believe she can do i

22、t better, cant she?(15) 陈述部分主语是不定代词 everybody, anyone, somebody, no body, no on等， 疑问部分常用复数they，有时也用单数he。Every one knows the an swer, dont they? (does nt he?)Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?)(16) 带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用need (dare ) +主语。We n eed not do it aga in, n eed we ?He dare not say

23、 so, dare he?当dare, need为实义动词时，疑问部分用助动词do +主语。She does nt dare to go home alone, does she?(17) 省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用will youDont do that aga in, will you?Go with me, will you / wont you ?注意：Lets开头的祈使句，后用shall we?Let us开头的祈使句，后用 will you?Lets go and liste n to the music, shall we?Let us wait for you i

24、n the reading-room, will you ?(18) 陈述部分是there be结构的，疑问部分用there省略主语代词There is someth ing wrong with your watch, is nt there?There will not be any trouble, will there?(19) 否定前缀不能视为否定词，其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。It is impossible, is nt it?He is not unkind to his classmates, is he?有些动词如:cost hurt hit put等，它们的过去时与原型相同

25、，在肯定句中一定要先弄清楚 它们是什么时态：(20) The skirt made of silk cost you a lot of money, ( )?A.did nt it B.did nt youC.does nt it D.dont you句中主语是the skirt，排除B D，主语是三单，可断定cost是过去时，所以选 A。重点归纳快速记忆表陈述部分的谓语疑问部分1/主语arent I / are Ino,nothing,no body ,n ever, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词肯定含义ought to(肯疋的)oug

26、ht nt + 主语have to+v.(had to+v.)dont + 主语(did nt + 主语)used to+v.did nt +主语或used nt +主语had better + v.had nt youwould rather + v.would nt + 主语youd like to + v.would nt + 主语must根据实际情况而定感叹句be +主语指示代词或不定代词everyth in g,that, nothin g,this主语用it并列复合句谓语根据邻近从句的谓语而定定语从句，宾语从句 主从复合句根据主句的谓语而定thi nk,believe,expect

27、, suppose,imag ine等弓丨导与宾语从句相对应的从句everybody,a nyon e,somebody ,n obody ,noone复数they,单数he情态动词dare或needneed/need nt (dare/darent ) + 主语dare, n eed为实义动词do/do nt + 主语省去主语的祈使句will/wont you?Lets开头的祈使句Shall we?Let us开头的祈使句Will you?there be相应的谓语动词+there（省略主语代词）否定前缀不能视为否定词仍用否定形式过关检测巩固练习1. Alice had a won derf

28、ul time yesterday,?A. hadn t she B. wasn t she C. didn t she D. wouldn t she2. Liu Qian has madeA.doesn tmagic” a hot word,B. didn tC. hasn the?D. isn t3. Hi, Sam. Your mothersystbeise days,Yes. But she says she II be free soon.A. has sheB. is she4. It s Father s Day, ? Yes. Let s buy a gift for Dad

29、.A. isn t itB. doesn t itC. hasn t sheD. isn t sheC. isn t heD. doesn t he5. -You are going to visit the Great Wall,?-That s right.D. won t youA. are youB. aren t you C. don t you6. The childre n had to repeat that story twice,they?A. didn tB. hadn tC. didD. had7. The tall man over there is our new

30、En glish teacher,?A. is heB. is there C. isn t he D. isn t there8. There was a loud cry from the backstage immediately after the con cert en ded,?A. wasn t there B. was thereC. didn t itD. did itKey: C C D A A A C A9. There is little milk in the fridge, ?A. is thereB. isn t thereC. isn t itD. is it1

31、0. Sally has few frie nds here,?A. did sheB. doesn t sheC. does sheD. hasn t she11. We can hardly tell what life without the Internet will be like in the future, A. can weB. can t weC. will itD. won t it12. Tom seldom hurt himself in the accide nt,A. didn t heB. does heC. doesnt heD. did he13. She s

32、 n ever see n such a won derful film, B. isn tshe?A. isC. hasD. hasn t14. Lily s never been to Hainan,A. isB. isn tshe?15. Tom rarely had time for con certs at that time,A. was nt heB. was he16. The book cost you 50yua n,A. doesn t itB. did it17. There are some little cats in the park,A. are thereB.

33、 are they18. Nothi ng the boy did was right,A. was itB. did itC. has?D. hasn tC. did heD. did nt heC. does itD. didn t it?C. aren t thereD. aren t theyC. was heD. did he?Key: A CADC CCBAA19. Tell me the way to the cin ema,A. willB. needyou?C. shallD. may20. Let s go swimming to relax ourselves,A. do

34、 weB. will youC. shall we21. Let John finish the work all by himself,A. shall weB. will youC. do youD. wont youD. do we22.go swimmi ng if ithot tomorrow, will you?A. Let us; isB. Let us; will beC. Let s; is D. Let s; will be23. Let us take a walk for supper,?A. shall weB. will you C. will we24. Go and take the chair to the office,?A. don t youB. shall youD. are youC. do youD. won t youKey: ACBAB D25. Jim had nothing for breakfast this mo