汽车检测站设计外文翻译

1、原文一2.1 Common System ConfigurationsAll chassis dynamometers have several key features in common. Most importantly, a means of absorbing the power output from the test vehicles engine is needed toallow different loads to be applied for a variety of testing procedures. Energy istransmitted to this pow

2、er absorber via a direct connection to the vehicles wheelhubs, or through a set of rollers, which are rotated by the wheels of the test vehicle.Flywheels and/or a motoring capability may also be included if vehicle inertia is tobe simulated. Descriptions of inertia simulation and the modelling of va

3、rious vehicleforces are included in Chapter 3. Systems that incorporate a set of large rollers (oneroller for each driven wheel) are more common in applications requiring long termrunning of the vehicle, in which tyre overheating can occur. Hub dynamometers arebest suited to engine tuning applicatio

4、ns which demand rapid response and minimalset-up time between tests. A common and versatile dynamometer layout consists of asingle DC or AC machine mounted outside the rollers and on the same axis, as shownin Figure 2.1.Output power is most commonly absorbed by hydraulic or electric machinesalsoknow

5、n as dynamometerswhich dissipate power either as heat or electrical energy.A single unit that can perform both motoring (power output) and generating (powerabsorption) functions is a common feature in commercially available chassisdynamometers.All but the simplest of garage tuning dynamometers inclu

6、de the capacity to measure the equivalent road speed and tractive force applied at the vehicles wheels. Chassis dynamometers for in-depth driving cycle and vehicle mapping tests customarily incorporate many different measuring devices, which are sampled and recorded by a computer-controlled data acq

7、uisition system. Common features of interest during a dynamometer test include the exhaust emissions (such as CO, CO2, NOX and unburnt hydrocarbons), vehicle cooling water and oil temperatures, and of course tractive force and power output. Fuel consumption and air inlet flowrates may also be record

8、ed for combustion powered vehicles, and these often require adjustment to the standard engine intake equipment. Where the system is controlled by a computer, processing power and user interfaces vary greatly. The simplest forms may consist only of a data logging function which saves information for

9、later viewing, while more sophisticated systems incorporate digital control of the dynamometer, prompts and feedback to the operator, as well as the recording and graphical display of data. Rates of screen update, data sampling, and control signal output are dependent mostly upon the processing spee

10、d of the control computer and its associated electronics.译文一2.1常用的系统配置所有的底盘测功机有几个关键的共同特点。最重要的是，吸收从测试车辆的发动机的功率输出的手段是必要的，以允许不同的负载为测试程序的各种应用。通过直接连接到车辆的轮毂，或通过一组滚子，这是由该测试车的车轮转动能量被传输到该功率吸收。飞轮和/或驾驶能力也可以包括，如果车辆的惯性是要模拟的。说明惯量模拟和建模的各种车辆的力，包括在第3章中。系统，纳入了一套大型辊（每一组滚子对应一从动轮）是较常见的在应用程序中，需要长期运行的车辆，轮胎过热发生。集线器测功机最适合于要

11、求快速响应和最小建立时间测试之间的引擎调校应用。一个常见的和多功能的测力计的布局由一个直流或交流电机安装在室外的滚筒和在同一轴线上，如图2.1所示。输出功率是最常用的吸收液动或电动机也称为测功机的消耗功率为热能或电能。一个单一的的执行驾驶（输出功率）和发电机（功率吸收）功能的单位，可以是市售的底盘测功机的一个共同特点。但简单的车库调整测功机，包括能力衡量相当于车速和车辆的车轮施加牵引力。底盘测功机在深度驾驶周期和车辆映射的测试习惯包括许多不同的测量设备，这是由计算机控制的数据采集系统采样和记录。测试期间的共同特点，功率机测试包括排放废气（如一氧化碳，二氧化碳，氮氧化物和未燃烧的碳氢化合物），车

12、辆冷却水和油的温度，当然还有牵引力和功率输出。耗油量和进气口的流速也可以是记录，可用于燃烧的动力的车辆，而这些往往需要调整的是标准的发动机的进气设备。其中系统是由计算机控制的，处理能力和用户接口差异很大。最简单的形式，可能只包含数据记录功能，将信息保存供日后查看，而更复杂的系统，包括数字控制测功机，提示和反馈的操作，以及记录和数据的图形显示。画面更新率，数据采集和控制信号输出，主要是依赖于控制计算机的处理速度和相联电子。 滚轮 功率吸收装置 正视图 侧视图 图2.1滚筒式底盘测功机的典型配置原文二2.2 System Configuration at the University of Can

13、terburyAs mentioned in Chapter 1, the entire chassis dynamometer was transplanted into anew laboratory in 1994. The new layout of the laboratory and the desire to reuse thepresent equipment dictated that the power absorbing shaft be mounted at right anglesto the roller drums. The overall dynamometer

14、 system is shown in Figure 2.2 and Plate2.1. The roller drums are carried on a trunnion-mounted Ford 15C truck axle, with itsdifferential locked and a ratio of 43:7 (6.14:1). The axle assembly is located laterallyby a Watt linkage lying in a horizontal plane beneath the axle, as shown in Figure2.3.

15、Figure 2.2 University of Canterbury chassis dynamometer schematic diagramThe use of trunnion bearings means that forces applied at the surface of the drumscan be detected by a strain-gauge load cell recording the reaction force of theassembly on the rigid support stand. To determine the actual force

16、 at the drumsurface, the friction and inertia of the drum axle assembly must be taken in toaccount. This tractive effort correction is detailed in Section 5.5.Power is absorbed by a Froude EC50TA Eddy-Current Dynamometer. The suppliedtorque and speed measuring equipment of this instrument are used f

17、or controlpurposes. Originally, the design included a 166 kw D.C. motor-generator set whichcould motor and absorb in both directions. However, this compact regenerativesystem was not practical due to a lack of sufficient A.C. mains current capacity. Thewater-cooled, disc-type dynamometer was chosen

18、in preference to a hydrokineticabsorber on the grounds of a superior low-speed torque capacity and a lesserrequirement on the water supply for a given maximum torque rating. The gearingincorporated in the axle assembly means that the dynamometer operates at a higherspeed and lower torque than if it

19、were connected in a direct fashion to the rollerdrums.A set of flywheels is mounted between the axle and dynamometer to allow inertiasimulation of vehicle masses between 664 kg and 1794 kg. Running through thecentre of the flywheel set is a hollow shaft, which can be rigidly coupled to the mainshaft

20、, or allowed to rotate independently on bearings. Each of the four flywheels sitson bearings on the outside of the hollow shaft. Flywheels may be engaged to spinwith this shaftand therefore, with the main shaftby bolting on the respectiveflanges. The discrete inertia intervals that can be achieved b

21、y including or omittingindividual flywheels are listed in Appendix A and provide steps of not more than120 kg over the entire range. While the inertial loads present during acceleration anddeceleration of the roller drums may be accommodated by the eddy-currentdynamometer, the inclusion of flywheels

22、 lessens the overall power absorptionrequirement. Figure 2.4 shows a schematic of the flywheel assembly.During calibration and warming up of the system, it is useful to be able to motor thedynamometer and rollers without the presence of a vehicle. A 26 kW ASEA LAK180LA D.C. motor has been installed,

23、 which is controlled by a 3 phase thyristorconverter with polarity reversing switch gear to enable motoring in both directions. Itwas intended that this machine perform additional inertia simulationparticularlyduring decelerationin the original configuration. However, it was found that theresponse t

24、ime and control accuracy were insufficient for this task (see Section )and that the power absorber and flywheels offered superior inertia approximationwithout the use of the electric motor. As shown in Figure 2.2, the components of thesystem are connected via universal shafts to accommodate any misalignment.译文二2.2 底盘测功机的系统配置如第1章中提到的，整个底盘测功机移植到在1994年的新的实验室。实验室和重复使用本设备的愿望的新的布局决定了功率吸收轴成直角安装到辊鼓。显示在图2.2和整体测功机系统配置图2.1中。滚子鼓耳轴安装式福特15C卡车的车轴上，而其锁定差的比