动词时态与语态讲解与练习

1、动词时态与语态被动式（be done）现在时态：一般现在时 is/are done 现在进行时 am/is/are being done 现在完成时 have/has been done过去时态：一般过去时 was/were done 过去进行时 was/were being done 过去完成时 had been done将来时： 一般将来时 will be done 过去将来时 would be done主动式 (do)现在时态：一般现在时 do/does 现在进行时 am/is/are doing 现在完成时 have/has done过去时态：一般过去时 -ed/did 过去进行时 w

2、as/were doing过去完成时 had done将来时： 一般将来时 will do 过去将来时 would do(一)Tense（时态）I.现在五时1.一般现在时 do/does,am/is/are(1)客观规律： The earth turns around the sun.（2）交通时刻表：The plane leaves at 4 oclock.（3 ）日程安排表：Our headmaster meets the foreign guests at 2 tomorrow afternoon.(4)现在的情况：My watch doesnt work.我的表坏了。（5）倒装Here

3、.ThrereHere comes a bus.=A bus is coming. Here he comes.注意：My watch wont work.我的表总是坏的。(本句是现在时will是情态动词表习惯)(6)在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中表示将来Ill go if you come tomorrow. 如果你将来注意：If you will come, I will be very happy.如果你愿意来(现在时will是情态动词表意愿)2.现在进行时 am/is/are+doing(1)强调现在时间里正在进行的动作：He is writing a composition.(2)瞬

4、间动词用于进行时态表将来：He is leaving.他将离开(3)be always doing总是干(表强烈情感)：You are always making trouble.mustnt always be doing千万不要总是干：You mustnt always be playing computer games.(4)be being正表现：-Is Jack still that naughty? -Not always. Look! He is being a good boy.3.现在将来时(1)will/shall do将干(主观)：Our teacher is ill,

5、and I will go to see him.(2)be going to do早打算干(主观)：What are you going to do when you grow up?(3)be about to do（when）=be on the point of doingwhen即将干(不能跟具体时间) (主观) ,正要做。这时。He is about to leave.He was about to go to bed when the phone rang.(4)be (due, bound, supposed) to do不可变的计划、命中注定、强烈愿望、应该We are to

6、 visit the Great Wall tomorrow. 4.现在完成时 have /has done (1)到现在为止(发生在过去持续到现在)：I have waited for you 2 hours.(2)对现在有影响(发生结束在过去过去时)-Where have you put the book? I want to use it. （有影响）-I put it on the desk, but its gone now.（无影响）(3)在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中表示将来完成I wont believe you until I have seen you in the bot

7、tle with my eyes.直到我亲眼将已看到你在瓶子里我才相信你。5.现在完成进行时 have /has been doing 到现在为止且正干It has been raining for 2 days and I dont know when it will stop.II.过去五时1.一般过去时 did ; was (were)I never thought you would come. I didnt recognize you.2.过去进行时：was (were) doing 见现在进行时 Sorry, I wasnt listening (noticing).3.过去将来

8、时：见现在将来时4.过去完成时：had done(1)到过去为止(必须有过去动作或时间作为前提)They had passed several villages before they got to school.(2)希望,计划,打算,认为等动词用于过去完成时表示过去未实现的希望计划打算等。(hope, think, plan, want, mean, intend, suppose)I had hoped to see you yesterday, but I was busy. 本希望5.过去完成进行时：had been doing到过去为止且正干My lost daughter had

9、 been crying long when I found her in the crowd.III.将来两时1.将来进行时：wll be doing 将正干(与将来时时间状语一样,强调正干)I will be sleeping at 8 this evening.2.将来完成时：will have done将已干(到将来某时为止)I will have mastered English well by the time I graduate from university.IV.灵活运用时态1.主句为过去五时之一时，宾语从句必须过去五时之一，客观规律除外(1) I didnt know y

10、ou would come.(2) He told me the earth circles the sun.2.before, after, as soon as等连词本身表示时间先后，不必用完成时表示先后。He learned English before he came to school. He had supper after he took a shower.He began to read English as soon as he got to school. 3.It is the second time (that) he has met Tom.It was the se

11、cond time (that) he had met Tom.It will be the last time (that) I will give you a lesson.I still remember that was the first time I have played a part in a film.4.It is the best film (that) I have ever seen. It was the best film (that) I had ever seen.I think it was the best film (that) I have ever

12、seen5.By the time he was 14 years old , he had mastered English well.By the time I got on, the bus was already rather crowded.By the time I heard his angry voice on the phone, I sensed I would be beaten.6.It will be 3 years before he leaves school.还有三年他就要毕业。7.(1)It is (has been) 3 years since he joi

13、ned the army.(干了)他参军三年了。（到现在为止）It is (has been) 3 years since he was in the army.(没干)他退伍三年了。（到现在为止）(2)It was (had been)5 years since he had left.他离开五年了。(干了)（到过去为止）It was(had been) 5 years since he had smoked.他戒烟五年了。(没干)（到过去为止）(二)Passive Voice（被动语态）连系动词+ done都是被动。1.被动的延续性和非延续性由连系动词决定。如：get done（非延续动词

14、）；be done（延续动词）；remain done（延续动词）2.被动的时态由主动的时态相应变化如：be being done正被干；be to be done将被干；have/had been done已被干3.以下重点词只有主动，谓语非谓语皆如此：(1) remain依然是；仍然停留；被留下：I dont like what remains of the apple.(2) belong to sb 属于：The book belongs to me.(3) last持续：The meeting will last 2 hours.(4) take place ,break out,

15、burst forth , occur ,happen ,go on ,come about发生：Great changes have taken place since liberation.4.以下重点词主被动看具体情况，谓语非谓语皆如此：(1)prove, look, smell, sound, feel, taste 以上词为连系动词时只有主动被证明是(只有主动)：What he said proved (to be) sound.他的话被证明是可靠的。证明：The theory was proved by some students.理论被一些学生证明了。(2)sell ,wash,

16、 read, write, wear, keep, cook, open表属性或特征只有主动，表动作有被动The book sells well, and all the books have been sold out.(3)spread蔓延:The fire spread wildly across the village. (只有主动)传播:The news (was) spread throughout the school. (主被动皆可)(4)blame责备: You are to blame.你该受责备。(只有主动)责备:I was blamed by my father.我被爸

17、爸责备了。(5)hang悬挂:My cap is hanging from the tree. (hung, hung只有主动)绞死:The spy was hanged at sunrise. (hanged,hanged)(6)burn燃烧: The sun/light/stove is burning hot. (只有主动)烧毁:A house was burned.房子被烧了。(7)fix (focus)集中,聚焦:Ones eyes be fixed upon(on) sth.=Sb. fix ones eyes on(upon)sth. His eyes were fixed up

18、on the book.他注视着书。(8)impress留下印象：Sb. be impressed with sth. = Sth. impress sb. Foreign guests were impressed with rapid development in China. 5.以下三词动词有两种被动：Good use must be made of time to study.=Time must be made good use of to study. make use of =take advantage of 利用； pay attention to =take notice

19、 of 注意 catch sight (a glimpse) of 突然看见； put an end to结束set fire to放火烧 make a fool of 嘲弄，欺骗 take care of照顾； take hold of 抓住turn a deaf ear to对根本不听 keep an eye on (1)照看；(2)密切注视；1. I_ (teach) here for ten years since I finished school.2. Would you mind me _ (use) your bike?3. The students of Class Two_

20、 (sweep) their classroom now.4. The Whites_ (not listen) to the radio at that time.5. The radio_ (use) once in a week in our class. It_ (not use) yesterday because there was something wrong with it.6. How long _you_ (live) in this town?7. You _ (come) here last year, _ you?8. -When _ you_ (see) him?

21、 -I_ (see) him last Sunday.9. She said that the car_ (use) the next week.10. I didnt know what _ (happen) to China in a century.11. When I got to the station, the train _ already _ (leave).12. The stone bridge_ (build) in our hometown for ten years.13. The desk must _ (clean) once a day.14. The dog

22、_ (lie) on the floor when I came in.15. It _(rain) heavily when I got home.16. Her mother_ (cook) at this time yesterday.17. The students _ (do) their homework. . _ (not make) any noise!18. -_ you ever_ (be) to Beijing? -Yes. I_ (go) there last week.19. Hell telephone us as soon as he _ (arrive) the

23、re.20. Jiefang trucks_ (make) in Changchun.21. A pen is used for_ (write). 22. All that must _ (do) has been done. 23 .My friend cant decide which pair of trousers_ (choose). So she asked me to go shopping with her. 24. The old man often_ (tell) the children a story in the evening. This evening he _

24、 (tell) two stories.巩固与加强 1、Ill give the book to him as soon as he _ back.（come）2、Has the baby _ crying yet? (stop)3、I don t know whether Mother _ me to Beijing next month.(take)4、She _ on her coat and went out. (put)5、 “What are they doing?”“They _ ready for the sports meeting.” (get)6、Will you ple

25、ase _ (come) here on time next time.7、I dont think that it _ (rain) tomorrow.8、It _ (take) him half an hour _ (finish) his homework yesterday.9、If it _ an interesting film, well see it tomorrow. (be)10、They usually _ (do) their homework after supper.11、Listen! Who _(sing) in the next room now?12、_(b

26、e) your parents in Shanghai last year?13、Mr. Yu _(teach) us maths since 1982.14、They will have a trip to the Great Wall if it _ (not rain) tomorrow.15、Li Ming often _ (listen) to the radio in the morning.16、A: “Father, may I go out and play football?” B: “_you _(do) your homework?”17、All the people

27、in the town are glad _(hear) that a famous musician _ a concert this Saturday evening.( give)18、Our teacher told us if it _(not snow) we would visit the Science Museum the next day.19、They often _ (play) football in the afternoon.20、A: Whatre you doing Dad? B: I _ (mend) the radio.21、Lets _(carry) t

28、he boxes to the house.22、Yesterday she _ (want) very much to see the film, but she couldnt _(get) a ticket.23、I _(write) to you as soon as I get to Shanghai.24、Mike _(visit) several places since he came to Beijing.25、He _ (write) four letters to his wife every month.26、Don t make any noise, Grandma

29、_ (sleep).27、His aunt _ (do) some cooking when he came in .28、When they _ (reach) the station, the train had already left.29、There _ (be) a meeting next Monday.30、We _ (know) each other since our boyhood.31、Sometimes my father _ (come) back home late.32、They _ (have) an English evening next week.33、

30、Why not _ (go) there on foot?34、Wei Fang isnt here. She _ (go) to the reading-room.35、The story _ (happen) long ago.36、They _ (visit) the History Museum last week.37、Zhang Hong _ (make) many friends since she came to Paris.38、She _ (go) to the cinema with her classmates tomorrow evening.39、Stay here

31、, bag. Dont go out. It _(rain) now.40、Li Ping_ (write) a composition every week.41、The scientist _ (give) us a talk yesterday.42、My parents _ (live) in Beijing since 1949.43、Look! The young worker_ (show) the students around the factory now.44、They _ (build) a new bridge over the river next year.45、

32、The students_ (clean) their classroom tomorrow.46、The windows of our lab _ (clean) once a week.47、Our teacher _ (join) the party twenty years ago.48、The boys_ (have) a basketball match now. Lets _(go) and _(watch).49、She_ (work) in this factory for ten years.50、 “What makes you _ (think) Im a farmer

33、?” the Frenchman asked.51、 -“You _ (hear) from your uncle recently?” -“Yes, I _ just _ (get) a letter from him.”52、They are busy _ (clean) their classroom.53、It _ (snow) hard now. Youd better _ (stay) at home.54、Li Ping usually _ (watch) TV after supper.55、Hurry up or we _ (be) late for class.动词时态单选

34、题：1. Lucy is not coming tonight.But she _! A. had promised B. will promiseC.Has promised D. promises2. Your phone number again? I _ quite catch it. Its 89703388.A. dont B. cantC. couldnt D. didnt 3. She _ her pen in her room now. A. finds B. is findingC. looks for D. is looking for 4. What _ you _ t

35、omorrow morning? A. are/going to do B. are/doingC. are/done D. have/done 5. It was not long before the water _ cold. A. is feeling B. feelsC. felt D. was feeling 6. I _ as soon as you come back. A. went B. have goneC. am going D. shall go 7. The scientist _ Canada and he will give us a talk when he

36、_ back. A. has gone to/comes B. has been to/will come C. has gone to/will come D. has been to/comes 8. He found his book this morning, but now he _ his pen. A. loses B. is missingC. has lost D. lost 9. She _ to her hometown several times. A. has been B. has goneC. went D. is going 10. It _ Jane and

37、Mary who helped me the other day. A. is B. wasC. are D. were 11. I _ to bed when the telephone rang. A. have been B. wentC. am going D. was going 12. Jane _ some washing this time yesterday. A. is doing B. had doneC. was doing D. did 13. When I got to the school, the first class _. A. had begun B. b

38、egan C. is beginning D. has begun 14. Mother promised she _ me an English-Chinese dictionary. A. is buying B. will buyC. would buy D. has bought15. Is this raincoat yours? No, mine _ there behind the door. A. hangs B. is hanging C. has hung D. is hanged 16. If it _, we will go to visit the zoo. A. n

39、ot rains B. doesnt rainC. wont rain D. isnt going to rain 17. Our English teacher _ all the exercise books last Friday evening. A. has corrected B. will correctC. had corrected D. corrected 18. What are you doing under the table? I _ to find my watch. A. tried B. tryC. am trying D. have tried 19. Th

40、ere _ an English evening party next Saturday. A. is going to be B. will have C. is to have D. is going to have20. Lily _ a book about China last month but I dont know whether she has finished it. A. wrote B. had writtenC. is writing D. was writing21. Continue heating until steam _. A. has appeared B

41、. appearC. appeared D. will appear22. I first met Lisa three years ago. She _ at a radio shop at that time. A. has worked B. was workingC. had been working D. had worked23. I havent seen her _. A. two weeks ago B. since two weeksC. for two weeks D. before two weeks24. My brother _ the Youth League since 1990. A. joined B. has been inC. has joined D. had joined25. Where is Peter?He _ to Shanghai. A. went B. had goneC. has been D. has gone26. I knew I could not finish the homework _.A. by the time he had come B. before he cameC. un