Stephen Hawking's Grand Design《史蒂芬·霍金之大设计（2012）》第一季第三集完整中英文对照剧本

1、大家好Hello.我是史蒂芬·霍金My name is Stephen Hawking一个物理学家 宇宙学家physicist,cosmologist,有时还是个梦想家and something of a dreamer.虽然我行动不便Although I cannot move也必须通过电脑发声and I have to speak through a computer,但我的思绪却在自♥由♥驰骋in my mind,I am free.得以探索关于宇宙的大哉问Free to explore the deepest questions o

2、f the Universe.其中最深奥的一则Among them, the deepest of all.是否有上帝创造并控制宇宙ls there a God who created and controls the Universe从恒星 行星from the stars and the planets到你跟我to you and me?要找出答案 必须历经一趟Finding out takes us on a journey自然法则之旅through the laws of nature,我认为亘古谜题的答案即藏于其间for there,I think,lies the answer t

3、o the age-old mystery即宇宙如何形成又是如何运作of how the Universe was made and how it really works.欢迎观看Check it out.史蒂芬霍金 大设计第三集 上帝造宇宙吗我最近出版一本书I recently published a book问到是否真有上帝造宇宙that asked if God created the Universe.掀起了不小的风波It caused something of a stir.人们不太高兴 一名科学家People got upset that a scientist胆敢对宗教议题发言

4、should have anything to say on matters of religion.新书引发争议霍金惹恼教会霍金被指控为异端霍金表示天堂只是神话我无疑告诉任何人该相信什么I have no desire to tell anyone what to believe,但我认为上帝是否存在but for me, asking if God exists是合宜的科学提问is a valid question for science.毕竟 我们该去思索After all,it is hard to think更重要且根本的谜题才对of a more important or fund

5、amental mystery而非什么或谁创造并控制宇宙than what or who created and controls the Universe.很久以前这问题的答案都大同小异Long ago,the answer was almost always the same.是神创造了一切Gods made everything.这世界处处叫人害怕The world was a scary place.所以即使强悍如维京人So even people as tough as the Vikings也相信超自然存believed in supernatural beings在以解释自然现象

6、to make sense of natural phenomena,比如雷电like lightning或暴风雨or storms.维京人有许多不同的神信奉The Vikings has many different gods索尔是雷神Thor was the god of lighting另一位神 艾迪尔 引发狂风暴雨Another god,Aegir, caused stormy seas.但他们最害怕的神叫做斯库尔But the god they feared the most was named Skoll.他会引发一种可怕的自然现象He was responsible for th

7、e terrifying natural event就是我们现在所称的日食that we now call a solar eclipse.斯库尔是住在天空中的狼神Skoll was a wolf god who lived in the sky.有时他会吃掉太阳Sometimes,he would eat the Sun,将白天转为黑夜 令人们惊讶不已causing the dreadful moment when day turned to night.缺乏科学的解释Without a scientific explanation,想象一下会让人们有多么惊惶imagine how dist

8、urbing it would have been看到太阳消失to see the Sun vanish.维京人The Vikings responded以他们唯一相信的方式回应in the only way that made sense to them.他们试图把狼吓走They tried to scare away the wolf.维京人认为是他们的行为The Vikings believed that their actions可以找回了太阳caused the Sun to return.当然如今我们知道 这和他们毫无关系Of course,we now know they had

9、 nothing to do with it.太阳迟早会重现The Sun would have reappeared anyway.事实证明宇宙It turns out that the Universe并非表象那般超自然或神秘is not as supernatural or mysterious as it seems.但得比维京人更勇敢But it takes more courage than even the Vikings had才能发现真♥相♥to discover the truth.像你我这样的凡人Mere mortals lik

10、e you and I也能了解宇宙如何运行can understand how the Universe works.这点早在维京人之前This was realized long before the Vikings古希腊就已有人发现in ancient Greece.约在公元前300年In about 300 B.C.,有位哲学家阿里斯塔克 也对食的现象感到惊奇a philosopher called Aristarchus was fascinated by eclipses,too,尤其是月食especially eclipses of the Moon.但他勇于质疑He was br

11、ave enough to question月食是否真实神所造成whether they really were caused by gods.阿里斯塔克是真正的科学先锋Aristarchus was a true scientific pioneer.他仔细研究天象后He studied the heavens carefully and reached a bold conclusion.他发现食只是地球的影子He realized the eclipse was actually the shadow of the Earth遮住月球passing over the Moon而非神迹an

12、d not a divine event.这项发现让他跳脱窠臼Liberated by this discovery,得以推论出he was able to work out天空中的真♥相♥what was really going on above his head绘出真正的相对位置图and draw diagrams that showed the true relationship包括太阳of the Sun.地球The Earth.以及月球And the Moon.他并依此得出更惊人的结论From there,he reached even

13、more remarkable conclusions.他推论地球并非宇宙中心He deduced that the Earth was not the center of the Universe,不是和众人所想的一样as everyone had thought,相反是绕着太阳运转but instead orbits the Sun.事实上了解了这相对关系In fact,understanding this arrangement就能解释所有的食现象explains all eclipses.月球的影子遮住地球时When the Moon casts its shadow on the E

14、arth,就出现了日食that's a solar eclipse.而当地球遮住月球And when the Earth shades the Moon,就形成了月食that's a lunar eclipse.但阿里斯塔克还进一步推论But Aristarchus took it even further.他推测星星并不是的天顶的裂缝He suggested the stars were not chinks in the floor of heaven,非其他人所认为as his contemporaries believed,而是其它太阳 就和我们的一样but that

15、stars were other suns like ours,只不过距离非常遥远only a very long way away.这项认定一定很让人震惊What a stunning realization it must have been.宇宙有如机器The Universe is a machine依循原理或法则而行governed by principles, or laws,而且是人类心智能了解的法则laws that can be understood by the human mind.我认为发现这些法则I believe the discovery of these law

16、s是人类最伟大的成就has been humankind's greatest achievement,因为就是这些我们现在所称的自然法则for it's these laws of nature, as we now call them,能告诉我们是否需要上帝that will tell us whether we need a God才能解释宇宙to explain the Universe at all.数百年来 人们相信像我这样的残疾人士For centuries,it was believed that disabled people like me是活在上帝所降的诅

17、咒中的were living under a curse inflicted by God.我想我是有可能While I suppose it's possible惹恼了上面某人that I've upset someone up there,但我更倾向认为I prefer to think一切都可以用另一种方式解释that everything can be explained another way也就是自然法则by the laws of nature.到底什么是自然法则So,what exactly is a law of nature,它的威力又为何如此强大and w

18、hy is it so powerful?我用网球赛来说明I'll show you with a game of tennis.网球受到两套法则所规范Tennis is governed by two sets of laws.一套是人所制定的One set is man-made比赛规则the rules of the game.所规范的事包括球场尺寸They govern things such as the size of the court,网子的高度the height of the net,以及如何判定球是落在界内and what determines if a shot

19、 is in.还是界外or if a shot is out.根据网球主管机构的意愿These rules could conceivably be changed这些规则就能加以改变if the governing body of tennis so desired.但比赛的另一套法则But the other set of laws that apply to the game永远固定不变are fixed,immutable.这些法则决定了They govern what happens to the ball.球被打到时会有何变化When it is hit.球拍撞击的力道和角度The

20、 force and angle of the racket strike决定了接下来会发生什么事determines exactly what happens next.自然法则描述了The laws of nature事物如何运作are a description of how things actually work在过去 现在 或者未来in the past,present, and future.以网球来说In tennis,球永远依法则所定的方向飞the ball always goes exactly where they say it will.同时运作的还有许多其它法则And

21、 there are many other laws at work here,too.它们规范着所发生的一切They govern everything that is going on从选手挥拍时from how the energy of the shot肌肉如何产生能量is produced in the players' muscles.到在他们脚下的青草生长速度to the speed at which beneath their feet. the grass grows但最重要的是 这些物理法则But what's really important is tha

22、t these physical laws,不但永远不变 而且具有普适性as well as being unchangeable, are universal.不仅适用于球的飞行They apply not just to the flight of a ball也适用于行星的运行but to the motion of a planet以及宇宙万物and everything else in the Universe.不同于人所制定的法规Unlike laws made by humans,自然法则永远不可违背the laws of nature cannot ever be broken

23、.所以它们的威力才会如此强大That's why they are so powerful而从宗教观点来看and,when seen from a religious standpoint,也才会充满争议controversial,too.若你和我一样认同if you accept, as I do,自然法则永远不变that the laws of nature are fixed,应该很快就会发问then it doesn't take long to ask,上帝的角色为何what role is there for God?这就是科学与宗教抵触的重大论点This is a

24、 big part of the contradiction between science and religion.虽然我的观点近期成为头条And although my views have recently made headlines,但其实这是由来已久的争议it is actually an ancient conflict.回到1277年Back in 1277,教皇约翰21世 深感自然法则思想的威胁Pope John XXl felt so threatened by the idea of laws of nature于是颁布教令指其为异端邪说that he decreed

25、them a heresy.无奈这无法影响重力法则Unfortunately,that did nothing to change the law governing gravity.数个月后A few months later,宫殿的屋顶崩塌 落在教皇头上the palace roof collapsed and fell on the Pope's head.但高度组织化的宗教 很快就找出了解决之道But organized religion soon found a solution.接下来数百年For the next few hundred years,他们声称it was

26、simply stated自然法则是出自上帝之手that the laws of nature were the work of God,只要上帝有意就能打破and God could break them if he wished to.此一观点还收到另一论述所强化This view was reinforced亦即人们完美的蓝色星球by the idea that our perfect blue planet是静止于宇宙的中心was quite still at the center of it all,所有恒星与行星都绕着地球而行that all the stars and plane

27、ts rotated around the Earth有如精心设计的钟表齿轮like some carefully designed clockwork.阿里斯塔克与此相反的论述Aristarchus' idea to the contrary早就被人们所遗忘had been long forgotten.但人类生性好奇But humans are naturally inquisitive,还有些 像伽利略这样的人and some, such as Galileo Galilei,忍♥不住多瞧一眼上帝的钟表齿轮couldn't help but look

28、 at God's clockwork once more.那时是1609年 这次的It was 1609,and this time,结果对后世有深远的影响the results would change everything.伽利略是现代科学的始祖Galileo is the founder of modern-day science也是我心目中的英雄and one of my heroes.他和我有同样想法He thought,as I do,只要能近一点观察宇宙that if you looked at the Universe closely enough,就能发觉真&

29、;hearts;相♥you could discern what was really going on.他锲而不舍地He was so determined打造出完美的镜片 第一次that he perfected lenses that, for the first time,能将夜空放大二十倍could magnify the night sky by 20 times.他小心翼翼地将镜片置入望远镜中Carefully,he assembled them into a telescope.从帕度亚的家中From his house in Padua,他用这座望远镜h

30、e used this telescope研究木星to study Jupiter夜复一夜night after night从而有了惊喜的发现and made a wonderful discovery有3个小点很靠近这颗巨大行星three tiny dots very close to the giant planet.起初 他以为这些小点一定是极微弱的恒星To begin with,he thought the dots must be very faint stars,但接连观察了数夜后but then as he watched for a few nights,他发现这些小点会移&a

31、mp;hearts;动♥he saw that they moved.然后从第4个小点出现And then a fourth dot appeared.有时 其中一点会消失在木星后Sometimes,one of them would vanish behind Jupiter之后又再度出现and then reappear.他意识到 这些一定是绕行那颗巨大行星的卫星He realized they had to be moons circling the vast planet.这是明确的证据Here was proof positive至少有些物体不是绕着地球运行th

32、at at least some objects do not orbit the Earth.在此发现的鼓舞下 伽利略继而证明Inspired by this discovery, Galileo went on to prove地球其实是绕着太阳在运行that the Earth must, in fact,orbit the Sun.阿里斯塔克自始就是对的Aristarchus had been right all along.伽利略的发现引发了思想革命Galileo's discoveries triggered a revolution in thought终使宗教放松对科学

33、的钳制that would ultimately loosen the grip of religion over science.但在17世纪那个年代But back in the 17th century,他因此而吃了教会不少苦头they got him in a lot of trouble with the church.他撤回所谓的"异端邪说"He narrowly avoided execution才得以逃过被处决的命运by recanting his so-called heresy他一直都被软禁在家中and was confined to house arr

34、est直至辞世前的9年光阴for the last nine years of his life.传说Legend has it他在认罪时仍喃喃低语that even as he confessed his sin, he muttered,"但它真的在动啊""but it does move."接下来的300年间Over the next 300 years,陆续发现更多自然法则as more and more of the laws of nature were discovered,科学开始能解释各种事物science began to expla

35、in all kinds of things从雷电 地震和暴风雨from lightning,earthquakes, and storms到恒星为何会发光to what makes the stars shine.每项新发现都进一步显示Each new discovery不太需要靠神明来解释现象further removed the need for a God.毕竟 若你懂了日食现象的科学背景After all,if you know the science behind an eclipse,就不太可能相信you're much less likely to believe天上住

36、了什么天狼神in wolf gods that live in the sky.科学不是要否定宗教Science does not deny religion,只是提供了较简单的另一种答案just offers a simpler alternative.但仍有数个谜题未解But several mysteries remain.毕竟 若地球会动After all,if the Earth moves,会不会是上帝让它动的could it be God that moves it?追根究底的问题是 宇宙是上帝创造的吗Ultimately, did God create the Universe

37、在最初的时候in the first place?1985年 我参加一场宇宙学大会In 1985,I attended a conference on cosmology在罗马的梵蒂冈at the Vatican in Rome.这场科学家的集♥会♥The gathering of scientists教皇约翰·保罗二世也前来聆听had an audience with Pope John Paul ll.他告诉我们He told us that it was okay研究宇宙的运作是可以的to study the workings of

38、the Universe.但我们不该探究宇宙的起源But we should not ask questions about its origin,因为那是上帝的作为for that was the work of God.我很高兴地说I am glad to say I,for one,还好我没听从他的告诫haven't followed his advice.我无法压抑自己的好奇心I can't simply switch off my curiosity.我认为宇宙学家的责任I believe it's a cosmologist's duty就是要致力于

39、探索宇宙的起源to try and work out where the Universe came from.幸好并没有表象那般困难Luckily,it's not quite as difficult as it seems.尽管宇宙如此复杂多变Despite the complexity and variety of the Universe,但事实上 要造出宇宙it turns out that to make one,只需要3种材料you need just three ingredients.想象一下我们可以把它们列在某本宇宙食谱中Let's imagine we

40、could list them in some kind of cosmic cookbook.史蒂芬·霍金的宇宙食谱打造宇宙需要哪3种材料呢？So,what are the three ingredients we need to cook up a Universe?要打造宇宙你需要第1样是物质The first is matter具有质量的东西stuff that has mass.物质我们周遭都是物质Matter is all around us,存在于我们脚下的土地里in the ground beneath our feet.也存在于太空中and out in space

41、.尘埃 岩石 冰dust,rock,ice,液体 庞大的气体云liquids,vast clouds of gas,壮观的螺旋星系massive spirals of stars每个都有数十亿颗太阳each containing billions of suns,延伸至难以估算的距离stretching away for incredible distances.你需要的第2样材料是能量The second thing you need is energy.能量就算未曾想过Even if we've never thought about it,我们也都知道什么是能量we all kn

42、ow what energy is.我们每天都会体验到Something we encounter every day.抬头看太阳Look up at the Sun,你的脸庞就能感觉到and you can feel it on your face.1.5亿千米外的恒星所产生的能量energy produced by a star 93 million miles away.能量充斥在宇宙中Energy permeates the Universe.驱使着使宇宙driving the processes that keep it a dynamic,不断变动的过程endlessly chan

43、ging place.现在我们有了物质和能量So,we have matter, and we have energy.打造宇宙需要的第3样东西The third thing we need to build a Universe空间is space.空间很大的空间Lots of space.你可用很多方式形容宇宙You can call the Universe many things壮观Awesome.美丽Beautiful.狂暴Violent.但你绝对不能说它拥挤But one thing you can't call it is cramped.不管我们往哪里看 我们都看到空间

44、Wherever we look, we see space.更多的空间外 还是更多的空间And more space and even more space,往四面八方不断延伸stretching in all directions.足以令你头晕目眩It's enough to make your head spin.这些物质 能量和空间从何而来呢？So,where could all this matter, energy,and space come from?直到20世纪 我们才开始有概念We had no idea until well into the 20th centu

45、ry.答案来自一个人的洞见The answer came from the insights of one man.可能是有史以来最伟大的科学家Probably the most remarkable scientist已永远不在世上了who has ever lived.他就是阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦His name was Albert Einstein.可惜我无缘得识Sadly,I never got to meet him,因为他过世时 我才13岁since I was only 13 when he died.爱因斯坦发现了一件了不起的事Einstein realized som

46、ething quite remarkable打造宇宙需要的主原料有2种that two of the main ingredients needed to make a universe,质量和能量mass and energy,基本上是同一样东西are basically the same thing,或许可说是一体之两面吧two sides of the same coin, if you like.他著名的质能互换方程式His famous equation,e=mc意谓质量simply means that mass可视为一种能量can be thought of as a kind

47、 of energy反之亦然and vice versa.所以从原本的3种材料So,instead of three ingredients,现在我们可以说宇宙中只有2种we can now say the Universe has just two能量和空间energy and space.这些能量和空间从何而来呢So,where did all this energy and space come from?科学家找到了答案The answer was found在努力数十年后after decades of work by scientists.空间和能量在一次事件安中自然产生Space

48、 and energy were spontaneously created那就是in an event we now call"大爆♥炸♥"the Big Bang.在大爆♥炸♥的一瞬间At the moment of the Big Bang,整个充满能量的宇宙就此产生an entire universe full of energy came into existence,空间也随之产生and with it,space.所有的都膨胀It all inflated,就像吹大的气球般

49、膨胀just like a balloon being blown up.这些能量和空间从何而来呢So,where did all this energy and space come from?一个充满能量的宇宙How does an entire universe full of energy,浩荡无垠的空间及其中万物the awesome vastness of space and everything in it,怎么可能凭空出现？simply appear out of nothing?对某些人来说 这时又要提到上帝了For some,this is where God comes

50、back into the picture.是上帝创造了能量和时间It was God that created the energy and the space.大爆♥炸♥就是创造的那一瞬间The Big Bang was the moment of creation.但科学另有一套解释But science tells a different story.冒着触犯众怒的风险At the risk of getting myself into trouble.我想我们不只能了解I think we can understand吓坏维京人的自然现象f

51、ar more the natural phenomena that terrified the Vikings.我们甚至能超越We can even go beyond the beautiful symmetry爱因斯坦所发现的美丽质能对称of matter and energy discovered by Einstein.我们可以利用自然法则We can use the laws of nature理解宇宙的起源to grasp the very origins of the Universe发掘上帝的存在and discover the existence of a God是不是唯一

52、的合理解释as the only way to explain it.我是二战结束后在英国长大As I was growing up in England after the Second World War,正值节衣缩食的年代it was a time of austerity.大人总教我们不可能平白得到东西We were taught that you never get something for nothing.但在经过一辈子的研究后But now, after a lifetime of work,我想人们可说是平白得到了一个宇宙I think that,in fact,you ca

53、n get a whole universe for free.大爆♥炸♥理论最神秘之处The great mystery at the heart of the Big Bang即解释一个充满空间和能量且浩瀚无垠的宇宙is to explain how an entire fantastically enormous Universe如何能凭空出现of space and energy can materialize out of nothing.秘密就在The secret lies宇宙中最奇特的事实里in one of the stranges

54、t facts about our cosmos.物理法则要求存在The laws of physics demand the existence所谓负能量of something called negative energy.为了便于各位理解这个古怪但关键的概念To get your head around this weird but crucial concept,我就来打个简单的比喻let me draw a simple analogy.想象有个人想造出一座小山丘Imagine a man wants to build a hill在平地上on a flat piece of lan

55、d.这山丘就代表宇宙The hill will represent the Universe.为了造出山丘 他开始在地上挖洞To make this hill, he digs a hole in the ground用挖的土来堆出山丘and uses that soil to build his hill.但当然他不只是在堆山丘But,of course, he's not just making a hill.他同时也挖出了洞He's also making a hole也就是山丘的负版本in effect,a negative version of the hill.洞里的东西现在成了山丘The stuff that was in the hole has now become the hill.两相平衡抵消So it all perfectly balances out.这就是宇宙诞生This is the principle behind what happened背后的原理right at the beginning of the Universe.大爆♥炸♥产生巨大正能量When the Big Bang produced a vast amount of positi