unit 14 sports

1、Unit 4学习目标交际用语：喜爱的运动语法：形容词、副词动名词话题写作：描述个人爱好的运动考点梳理内容精讲words单词 Excited adj.兴奋的（修饰人） excitement n.兴奋The football game is very _.Tom is _ to hear the _ news.relaxing adj.令人放松的（修饰物） relaxed adj.放松的（修饰人）relaxation n.松弛，消遣act n.行为，动作，法令，条例，（戏剧）一幕v.行动，做事；扮演，演出 actor男演员，actress女演员active（inactive）adj.积极的，有活力

2、的take an active part in 积极参加words单词challenge oneself 挑战自我 challenge sb. to sth.向某人挑战某事，就某事向某人挑战challenge sb.to do sth.向某人挑战做某事challenging adj.有挑战性的，引起争论的challenger n.挑战者practice=practise练习，实践 practice doing sth.练习做某事practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧words单词words单词phrase短语phrase短语phrase短语phrase短语动名词：doing形

3、式grammar语法4.Allan repented having shot the bird.5.Having noted down her name,the man went away.1.Going down town I met a friend.2.Martin insisted on going to work in spite of his illness.3.I shall never forget seeing the Great Wall for the first time.ing-form与与/比谓语的动作同时、先发生、后发生比谓语的动作同时、先发生、后发生 一般式一般

4、式ing-form比谓语的动作先发生比谓语的动作先发生 完成式（强调先后关系）完成式（强调先后关系）同时同时后后先先先先先先主主语语表表语语宾宾语语定定语语补补语语状状语语 to do -ing form pp1.Do you mind opening the door?2.Going there saved us a good deal of trouble.3.Being late again made the teacher angry.Do you mind me/my opening Toms going there saved us a good His being late ag

5、ain made说出说出-ing form-ing form动作的执行者时，须用复合结构动作的执行者时，须用复合结构1.Crossing the street,he was knocked down by a bus.2.Being sick I stayed at home. 3.Seen in the light, it is not as serious as people suppose.4.Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.5.He sat in the armchair,reading the newspaper.6

6、.The train spent too much time stopped, waiting for the other trains.时间时间原因原因条件条件让步让步伴随伴随伴随伴随used as an adjective or adverbGrammar and usagesleeping studentsa boring lessona smiling face一、一、The -ing form used as Attribute（-ing形式作定语）形式作定语）boiling waterflying kites a dancing girlthe rising sun(1) a sw

7、imming man(2) a swimming pool(2) a walking stick(1) a walking man =a man who is walking = a stick for walking小小 结结 1 -ing形式作定语既可表示动作正形式作定语既可表示动作正在进行（如例在进行（如例（1），此时相当于），此时相当于一个定语从句；又可表示所修饰名一个定语从句；又可表示所修饰名词的性质或用途（如例词的性质或用途（如例（2）。）。a running manThe man running inthe picture is Liu Xiang. attributeThe m

8、an who is running in the picture is Liu Xiang.相当于：相当于：The teacher teaching us English is Mr. Qi. =The teacher who is teaching us English is Mr. Qi.The people sitting behind us are all teachers.The expert coming from Huaian is a lady called Ms Cai.=The people who are sitting behind us are all teacher

9、s.=The expert who comes from Huaian is a lady called Ms Cai.Translate the following phrases.a reading rooma washing machinean exciting eveningan interesting crosstalk阅览室阅览室洗衣机洗衣机激动人心的夜晚激动人心的夜晚有趣的相声有趣的相声单个的单个的-ing形式作定语，放在所形式作定语，放在所修饰的名词前面；修饰的名词前面；-ing短语作定短语作定语则放在所修饰的名词之后。语则放在所修饰的名词之后。小小 结结 2 2a sleep

10、ing cara smoking room listening practice an opening speecha booking officerunning water卧铺车卧铺车吸烟室吸烟室听力练习听力练习开幕词开幕词售票处售票处自来水自来水I heard the girl singing in the classroom.I noticed a long queue outside the bank waiting for it to open.2.The -ing form used as Object Complement（-ing形式作宾语补足语）形式作宾语补足语）The ba

11、by watched his dad shaving his face with great interest.We have the fire burning all day.动词动词-ing形式作宾语补足形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，表语常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。程或一种状态。小小 结结 3 能跟能跟-ing形式作宾语补足语的常见形式作宾语补足语的常见动词有：动词有：“五让、三看、两听、五让、三看、两听、一注意、一发现、一一注意、一发现、一感觉感觉”。简单又好记！。简单又好记！ make, let, h

12、ave, keep, leave, look at, see, watch, hear, listen to, notice, find, feel 等。等。怎么记怎么记？1. Our trip was disappointing. We did not find any unusual plants.2. The programme for the weekend looks exciting. I am looking forward to it.3.The -ing form used as predicative(-ing形式作表语形式作表语)4. The news was shock

13、ing. All the three boats had sunk in the storm.5. The report from Cook was encouraging. The captain decided to attack the following night.6. It was astonishing to see the animals and plants that are found nowhere else in the world.1. Sixty million people _ (live) in rural areas are moving to the cit

14、ies every year.2. The bottle _ (contain) the poison was sent to the laboratory. PracticelivingcontainingFill in the blanks with the verb given in its proper form.3. The man _ (sit) on the platform is a professor from Wuhan University.4. Who is that girl _ (walk) along the river? 5. The children _ (p

15、ractise) playing the violin over there will give a performance next week.sittingwalkingpractising6. The man with sun-glasses _ (stand) near a car is a detective.7. The old lady _ (talk) to the children is a famous musician.8. The person _ (translate) the songs can speak seven languages.standingtalki

16、ngtranslating9. I saw them _(force) the door open with a hammer. 10. We heard them _ (quarrel) about money after the concert; they looked very angry.11. I heard him _ (drop) lots of coins into the collecting tin. forcingquarrelingdropping12. You can see them _ (perform) every night this week at the

17、New Theatre. 13. I could hear them _ (whisper) to each other during the first part of the play. 14. We watched the army _ (march) down the street towards the park.performingwhisperingmarching15. I saw the people _ (enter) the theatre, and there were 286 of them. 16. We watched three old men _ (share

18、) their food with each other. 17. We watched the children _ (dive) into the water from the top diving board. 18. I noticed you _ the performers with the ticket sales. That was kind of you. enteringsharingdivinghelpingHaving worked side by side with many environmentalists, I know that a healthy envir

19、onment and stable economy should be possible at the same time. A verb-ing has perfect form, e.g.,having worked1. She gave her opinion about the new building. Then she left the meeting. Having given her opinion about the new building, she left the meeting.2. She made one last effort to see her husban

20、d. Then she returned home. Having made one last effort to see her husband, she returned home.Rewrite the following sentences.3. I admired her writing for many years. Then I finally met her. Having admired her writing for many years, I finally met her.4. I was interested in the Koories for many years

21、. Then I decided to learn their language. Having been interested in the Koories for many years, I decided to learn their language.A. This is a letter to the editor of a newspaper. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct forms using the grammar rules you have learnt. Dear Sir/ Madam, I am delighted

22、by your newspapers decision to start a campaign for protecting the environment. I am gladthat you have asked readers to write in with their suggestions. The state of our parks is very (1) _ (shock), with rubbish everywhere. I used to find a trip to the park very (2) _ (relax). Now I just find it (3)

23、 _ (tire) because I have to pick up the rubbish where I shockingrelaxingtiringam going to sit. The grass is covered in plastic bags and food, and I am sad that the young people of today do not clean up after themselves when they have been to the park. It is (4) _ (disappoint) that none of the school

24、s ask their students to do park clean-ups as part of their Science class. Perhaps theydisappointingcould start doing this. There are so many (5) _ (interest) animals and insects (6) _ (live) in our parks. It would be a shame if they were destroyed because of peoples activities in the park. Yours, Wa

25、ng QianginterestinglivingB. Read this new report and fill in the blanks with words from the box below.following sleeping pleasing exciting walking moving falling keeping(1) _ News for Animal Lovers! Two people were arrested yesterday at a Paris airport for bringing animals intoExciting Europe from S

26、outh America illegally. One of the customs officers was watching the arrivals very closely. He could see a woman (2) _ in front of a group. Then he saw feathers (3) _ from under her coat. Having seen this, the customs officer asked the woman to comewalkingfallingover to his desk. He was surprised to

27、 find ten birds inside her coat. There was a short fat gentleman (4) _ her. Another customs officer called him over when it seemed he had a (5) _ stomach. On taking off his jacket, a (6) _ tortoise was found on hisfollowingmovingsleepingstomach. Apparently he had traveled on the plane like this, (7)

28、 _ the tortoise hidden in a blanket. Such arrests are very (8) _ for Paris officers. keepingpleasing二、二、-ing形式作状语形式作状语-ing短语在句子中可作状语，来修饰谓短语在句子中可作状语，来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、让步或伴随等间、原因、条件、结果、让步或伴随等情况。情况。-ing短语作状语一般表示一个次短语作状语一般表示一个次要的动作，要的动作， 一般都可以变为相应的状一般都可以变为相应的状语从句或并列句。语从句或并

29、列句。1. 作时间状语作时间状语-ing短语作时间状语要置于句首。如：短语作时间状语要置于句首。如：Hearing the bad news, they couldnt help crying. =When they heard the bad news, they couldnt help crying. 当听到这个不幸的消息时，他们情不自当听到这个不幸的消息时，他们情不自禁地哭了起来。禁地哭了起来。Having received his letter, I decided to write back. =After I had received his letter, I decided

30、to write back. 收到他的信后，我决定给他回信。收到他的信后，我决定给他回信。 2. 作原因状语作原因状语-ing短语作原因状语置于句首。如：短语作原因状语置于句首。如：Being so angry, he couldnt go to sleep.=Because he was so angry, he couldnt go to sleep. 因为太生气了，他不能入睡。因为太生气了，他不能入睡。 Having been to the Great Wall many times, he didnt go last week. =Because (As) he had been to

31、 the Great Wall many times, he didnt go last week. 因为他已经去过长城许多次，上周他就因为他已经去过长城许多次，上周他就没去。没去。3. 作条件状语作条件状语-ing作条件状语置于句首或句末。如：作条件状语置于句首或句末。如：Working hard, you will succeed. =If you work hard, you will succeed. 如果你勤奋一点，你就会成功。如果你勤奋一点，你就会成功。Being given more attention, the trees could have grown better.=If

32、 they had been given more attention, the trees could have grown better. 如果对这些树再多注意些，它们可如果对这些树再多注意些，它们可能长得更好。能长得更好。4. 作让步状语作让步状语 -ing短语作让步状语，可置于句首或短语作让步状语，可置于句首或 句末，常与句末，常与even if, though 连用。如：连用。如：Though working from morning till night, his father didnt get enough food.=Although his father worked fr

33、om morning till night, he didnt get enough food. 虽然他父亲从早到晚拼命地干活，但是虽然他父亲从早到晚拼命地干活，但是他还是挣不到足够的吃的。他还是挣不到足够的吃的。 5. 作伴随状语作伴随状语置于句首或句末。如：置于句首或句末。如：They came into the classroom, singing and laughing. =They sang and laughed; they came into the classroom. 他们又唱又笑地走进教室。他们又唱又笑地走进教室。When working in the factory,

34、he was an advanced worker.=When he worked in the factory, he was an advanced worker.注意：注意：1. -ing短语与短语与when, while, though, until, if等连词连用时，相当于这些等连词连用时，相当于这些连词引导的一个从句。如：连词引导的一个从句。如：Though willing to attend the party, he refused the invitation. =Though he was willing to attend the party, he refused t

35、he invitation.While staying in Beijing, he came to see me twice.=While he was staying in Beijing, he came to see me twice.If playing all day, you will waste your valuable time. =If you play all day, you will waste your valuable time.Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon. =Though it was rai

36、ning heavily, it cleared up very soon.2. 动词动词-ing形式在句中作状语时，其逻形式在句中作状语时，其逻辑主语与主句的主语保持一致。如：辑主语与主句的主语保持一致。如： He traveled on the plane like this, keeping the tortoise hidden in a blanket. = When he traveled on the plane like this, he kept the tortoise hidden in a blanket.1. a. Hearing the news, tears ra

37、n down her face. b. Hearing the news, she cried out sadly.2. a. Entering the classroom, I found nobody in it. b. Entering the classroom, nobody was found in it.Choose the correct sentence.3. a. Looking out through the window, the garden was beautiful. b. Looking out through the window, we saw a beau

38、tiful garden.4. a. Reading the evening newspaper, a dog started barking. b. I was reading the evening newspaper when a dog started barking.5. a. Being fine, we will have the sports meeting next week. b. It being fine, we will have the sports meeting next week.-ing形式的否定式为在其前面加形式的否定式为在其前面加not。如：如： He

39、sat there, not knowing what to say.1. Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus _ the delay. A. to cause B. causing C. caused D. cause2. One by one Peter sold his bits and pieces, _ only a mite of their worth. A. getting B. got C. to get D. getExercise3. After seeing the movie, _. A. the book was read by him B. the book made him want to read it C. he wanted to read the book D. the reading of the book interested him4. The next morning she found the man in bed, _ dead.A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying5. Ther