Chapter4Determinersandgenitives限定词和属格

1、现代英语语法现代英语语法Chapter 4 Determiners and genitives限定词和属格限定词和属格Rokey, 7.5 Chapter Review This chapter extends the topic with nouns, focusing on determiners and genitives in relation to nouns.重点是与名词相关的限定词和属格。 First, five differences between determiners and adjectives.首先，限定词和形容词的区别。 Then, the functions, s

2、ub-classes and usage of determiners.其次，限定词的功能，分类和用法。 Finally,forms and types of genitives. 最后，属格(所有格)的形式和类型。 Technical terms 专业术语专业术语 determiner dtmn 限定词 identifier adentfa 识别功能 quantifier kwntfa 数量功能 generic dnerk reference 类指 specific spsfk reference 确指 genitive dentv 属格；所有格 of-phrase. of短语 group

3、genitive 集体属格 local genitive 地点属格 double genitive 双重属格 4.0 Introduction eg:Our nations ancient culture presented to us by our sages Modifiers: ancient and presented to us by our sages Head word: culture Determiner and genitive: our nations 最常见的限定词(P91第二段)：articles冠词，possessive pronouns物主代词, demonstr

4、ative pronouns指示代词， numerals数量词等。 4.1 Determiners 限定词限定词 Determiners refer to words which are used in the premodification of a noun phrase and which typically precede any adjectives that premodify the head word. 限定词指的是用在名词短语前置修饰语中的词，一般在修饰中心词的形容词之前。 eg: these pretty girls a nice girlDifferences betwe

5、en determiners and adjectives : (了解了解)限定词和形容词之间的区别(P92第一段最后一句)1.限定词通常在形容词之前Eg: a nice girl2.限定词的选择由中心词决定，而不是形容词决定Eg: a/the good man, *these good man(错误)3.形容词表示中心词特征，限定词识别和量化中心词。Eg: many good/useful books4.形容词可放在中心词后，限定词不可Eg: people old and young, * people many or few(错误)5.形容词有比较级，限定词没有 4.1.1 Functio

6、ns of determiners 功能：identifier 识别功能 quantifiers 数量功能 definite reference 特指 indefinite reference 泛指 Eg: There is a house on the hill. (泛指识别) The house is mine.(特指识别) I want some coffee.(泛指数量) Give me two hours to finish this work.(特指数量) 4.1.2 Co-occurrence of determiners 限定词同现限定词同现 当多个限定词同时出现，共同修饰中心

7、词时，有一定的排列顺序，如课本(P93表格)： 前位限定词: all, both, twice, many 中位限定词: 冠词，指示词，物主代词，所有格 后位限定词: 基数词，序数词，many, much, little. Eg: I know all the three other girls in our class. 注意：一般情况下，只能同时使用一个前位或者中位限定词，但是后位限定词则可多个同时出现。4.1.3 Usage of some determiners 一些限定词的用法一些限定词的用法 a. all and whole “全部的，所有的全部的，所有的” 1.all在冠词之前，

8、whole在冠词之后、 Eg: all the day = the whole day 一整天 2.All与可数或不可数名词连用表示许多事物，whole与可数名词连用，表示一种事物。 Eg:I bought all my clothes here. He ate the whole cake himself. 3.all+形容词性物主代词+n =形容词性物主代词+whole+ n Eg: all my life = my whole life.b. All and bothBoth (两者之间)都; all (三者或者三者以上)都Eg: -Which color do you like, re

9、d, black or white? - I like_.c. all, every and eachAll:侧重整体。Every：侧重整体中的所有个体。Each：侧重整体中的每一个个体。 eg: _ the girls like shopping. _ girl has her own way of shopping. _ girl likes shopping.d. both, each and eitherBoth两者都；Each 每一个 ；Either(or) 两者之一Eg: Both sides = each/either side e. any, either, no (none)

10、 and neitherAny和no (none)三者或三者以上，either和neither两者之间。Eg: -Which (of the 3 books) will you borrow? -_.A. No B. Neither C. None D. Either other, the other, the others, another Another + n 另一个；再一个 One.the other.一个另一个 the other + n = the others Eg: He has two children. One is a boy and the _ is a girl. -

11、I have eaten 2 apples, but I want _ one. -We are ok. How about _? -We are ok. How about _ people? 4.1.4 Articles 冠词冠词 （P97） 两类冠词：definite定冠词: the indefinite 不定冠词：a, an 注意： Generic reference类指：指代某一种类事物 Specific reference确指：指代某一具体事物 Eg: The panda is a rare animal.熊猫是稀有动物。 = Pandas are rare animals. (类

12、指) The pandas name is Tuantuan. (确指/特指) 不定冠词：不定冠词：a/an 若不定冠词之后的词以辅音因素开头，则用若不定冠词之后的词以辅音因素开头，则用a: Eg： a book, a nice girl 若不定冠词之后的词以元音因素开头，则用若不定冠词之后的词以元音因素开头，则用an: Eg: an apple, an interesting book 定冠词定冠词: the 乐器名词前加冠词，乐器名词前加冠词，eg: play the piano/guitar 表示特指，若指代某个机构表示特指，若指代某个机构(引申义引申义)，则可省略，则可省略the. E

13、g: She is in hospital. 她生病住院。 若表示建筑若表示建筑(原意原意)，则要加，则要加the. Eg: She is in the hospital. 她在医院工作。 冠词的省略冠词的省略(零冠词零冠词)： 1.专有名词前不加冠词 eg: We are from China. 2.泛指的复数名词 Eg: We are students. 3.抽象、物质名词表示一般概念 eg: People cant live without water. 4.(泛指)季节、月份、节假日、星期等前面。 Eg: in spring, on Sunday 若具体某一年、某一天则要用冠词 Eg:

14、 in the spring of 2008 5.三餐名词前、球类运动和游戏前。 Eg: play football/games 6.有些词有冠词表示原意，省略冠词则产生引申义。 eg: at the tale 在桌子边 at table 在吃饭 7.表示职位、头衔、身份的名词前。 Eg: This is a photo of President Mao. 8.by + 交通工具 （不需冠词） Eg: by bus /air / sea 1.After watching _ TV， she played _ violin for an hour A. /, /B. the, the C. th

15、e, / D. /, the 2. _ usually go to church every Sunday A. The BrownB. A Brown C. Browns D. The Browns 3.The train is running fifty miles _ A. an hourB. one hour C.the hourD. a hour 4._ earth we live on is bigger than_ moon A. The, a B. The, the C. An, a D. An, the 5. Whats the matter with you ? I cau

16、ght _ bad cold and had to stay in _bed A, a, /B. a, theC. a, aD. the, the 6.What _ exciting football match！ A. a B. an C. the D. / What an exciting football match! How exciting the football match is!4.2 Genitives 属格属格 属格有以下几种表示方式：属格有以下几种表示方式： 1.在词尾 s. 2.of 短语的形式。 3.双重属格的形式。 4.2.1 Forms of genitives

17、1. 一般情况是在词尾+ s, eg: Lucys book; 2.若词尾是s或者es, 则只用 eg: Jones phone; students room 3.两人共有的物体, 则在第二个名词后+s; 如果分别是两人所有, 则在每个名词后面+s。 eg: This is Lily and Lucys room. These are Lilys and Lucys rooms. 4.2.2 Genitive vs. of-phrase Eg: Chinas foreign policy = the foreign policy of China 中国的外交政策 使用方法使用方法:(P104第

18、一段第一段) In principle, animate nouns, particularly nouns referring to persons can take the genitive form. 原则上，有生命的名词，尤其指人的名词用属格形式。 While inanimate nouns, especially those referring to lifeless objects, normally occur in an of-phrase. 无生命的名词，尤其无生命的物体，一般使用of短语。 A. Genitive 只用属格的情况只用属格的情况 a.a. 表属性或者类别表属性

19、或者类别 eg: mens shirt 男士T恤 b.b.某些结构中表示同位语某些结构中表示同位语 eg: Marys brother, a policeman, has been here. c.c.表示时间表示时间/ /距离距离 eg: todays lesson; 10 minutes walk ; 10分钟步行 d. d. 一般习惯用语中一般习惯用语中 eg: at arms length 在伸手可及处 for ones sake 看在某人份上B. Of-phrase 只用只用of 短语短语a.a.一般跟无生命的名词连用。一般跟无生命的名词连用。eg: the color of the

20、 carb. of b. of 短语中名词后面有短语短语中名词后面有短语eg: Do you know the result of the negotiation? 你知道这次协商的结果吗？c.c.名词的修饰语较长时，使用名词的修饰语较长时，使用ofof短语短语eg: the name of the famous American singer 既可以用属格，又可以用既可以用属格，又可以用of 短语短语 A.一般情况下两者可以互换一般情况下两者可以互换 eg: the photo of Mary = Marys photo B.表示地理的专有名词，或者机构、地点名词表示地理的专有名词，或者机构

21、、地点名词 eg: Chinas foreign policy 中国的外交政策 = the foreign policy of China C.集体名词集体名词。 eg: the familys plans = the plans of the family 4.2.3 Group genitive 集体属格集体属格 Group genitive refers to the genitive formed by adding s to the last element of a postmodified or coordinated noun phrase. 集体属格就是在有后置修饰语或者并列

22、的名词短语后面添加s. eg: an hour and a halfs test 一个半小时的测试 若并列的两部分共同拥有某物，则在后一个词后加s. Eg: Lucy and Lilys room 共有的房间 若并列的两部分各自拥有某物，则每个词后加s. eg: Lucys and Lilys room 各自的房间 4.2.4 Local genitive 地点属格地点属格 有时候属格后面不接名词，除非是省略句，否则通常表示地点。有时候属格后面不接名词，除非是省略句，否则通常表示地点。 1. Proper nouns for certain well-know buildings. 专有名词代

23、替某些著名建筑专有名词代替某些著名建筑 eg: St.Pauls (Catherdral) 圣保罗(大教堂) 2.Words for shops denoted by the type of shopkeeper. 根据店主类型表示商店。根据店主类型表示商店。 eg: the bakers 面包店 the booksellers 书店 3.Names and nouns referring to persons which denote residence. 指人的姓名或者名词表示住所。指人的姓名或者名词表示住所。 eg: See you at Harrys tomorrow. 明天哈利家见！ 4.2.5 Double genitive 双重属格双重属格 The double genitive also called “post genitive” because it is a combination of the genitive and the of-phrase. 双重属格又叫后置所有格双重属格又叫后置所有格,它是所有格和它是所有格和of短语的组合。短语的组合。 注意：双重属格中，后面的属格通常