春季教材初三实验班第二讲

1、扑腾英语春季实验班 九年级第二讲Key Point: 动词Grammar of This Unit动词的分类（按照不同的方式）： 1 根据动词在句子中的用途分为： 实义动词：在句子中表示有关主语的动作或状态的主要动词； 例：study（学习），walk（步行），sing（唱歌），dance（跳舞） 助动词：auxiliary verb 例：do , have , can ,be 动词 2 根据动词能否有宾语分为： 及物动词：(vt) transitive verb 可以直接加宾语 例：买本书 buy a book 不及物动词：(vi) intransitive verb 不可以直接加宾语 例：

2、去学校 go to school 系动词： 联系动词 linking verb 加表语，构成主系表结构 如： am is are look seem sound taste 后加名词或形容词系动词分为：1）状态系动词，表示一种状态 如：seem （似乎）; keep （保持）; be; stay; remain2）感官系动词 如：sound; look; smell; taste; feel3）变成系动词 如：become; turn ; get ; go情态动词：情：感情 态：态度情态动词：表示一种情感和态度的动词can could may might must should will wo

3、uld need have to情态动词自身的词汇意义：表示或者暗示某种情绪或者态度，表示可能、建议、愿望、必要、允许、能力等等；情态动词在句子中不能单独做谓语，必须和实意动词一起组成复合谓语。 例：I can do sth. I can write. He can play.情态动词本身不随主语的不同而变化 例：I can / she can / we can must与have to二者的区别： 相同点：都表示必须、应当； 区别点： 1） must 常常表示有强烈的个人色彩；表达个人感情；一般表示说话人的主观意图。 例：She is a really nice people.You mus

4、t meet her. . 2）have to 没有个人色彩，通常用来表达一种客观事实； 例： I must get up early tomorrow. I have to get up early tomorrow. 3） must 表示一般现在时，将来时，不表示过去；have to 有所有的时态形式 例：I had to go to hospital. Have you ever had to go to hospital? 二者的否定形式： mustn't 严令禁止不许做 don't have to 没必要做动词的语态：动词要通过某种特殊形式来表示主语是动作的实施者、执

5、行者还是动作的承受者。 例：动作的执行者 He wrote the book. 动作的接受者 The book is written by him.被动语态被动的构成：be + done动词被动语态与时态相结合的构成：时态构成被动语态一般现在时主语+do / doesIs/am/are + done一般过去时主语+did Was/were + done一般将来时主语+will / shall / be going to + doWill / shall + be + done现在进行时主语+am / is / are + doingis/am/are/ + being + done过去进行时主

6、语+was / were +doingwas/were + being + done现在完成时主语+have / has +donehave / has + been + done过去完成时主语+had +donehad + been + done八大基本时态： 八种时态表时态一般进行完成完成进行过去一般过去时过去进行过去完成现在一般现在时现在进行现在完成将来一般将来时过去将来过去将来时1.一般将来时1)一般将来时的构成：will+ do; be going to + do; be doing.2)一般将来时的用法。 a)will表示单纯的将来；表意愿；表示礼貌地询问对方是否愿意。 The s

7、un will rise at 6:30 tomorrow morning.We will help him if he asks us. b)be going to + do表示计划、打算做某事；表示决定的很可能发生的事；或某种迹象表明要发生的事。What are you going to do next Sunday? Look at the dark clouds. There is going to be a storm. c)be doing 常用在趋向动词go, come, leave, stay, start, begin表将来中，表示即将发生或安排好要做的事情。We are l

8、eaving for London. d)“be about to+ do” 和“be to +do” 结构表示即将发生的动作。The train is about to start. e)用一般现在时表将来：Ø 表示按规定或时间表预计将来发生的动作。 Our plane takes off at 8:10.Ø 当主句为一般将来时态时，在if, as soon as, until, when等引导的状语从句中一般现在时代替一般将来时。 If it doesnt rain this afternoon, well have a football match.2.现在完成时1)

9、现在完成时的基本结构： has/ have + done2) 现在完成时的用法。 a) 表示过去发生的或是已经完成的对现在造成的影响。常与already, just, yet连用。 I have lost my pen. b) 表示动作或状态在过去已经开始，持续到现在， 也许还要持续下去，常和for + 时间段，since + 时间点连用，动词必须是延续性动词。We have lived here since 2000. c) 表示经验或次数等。常与ever, never, three times等词连用。 I have never been to Beijing before.3) 和现在完

10、成时连用的时间状语：just, ever, never, before, since+时间点, for+时间段。4) 区别have/ has gone to 与 have/ has been to3.过去进行时1) 过去进行时的结构：was/were+ doing。2) 过去某一时刻或者是过去一段时间内正在进行的动作。 I was watching TV at that time.3) 与when和while连用。及when和while的区别。When I came home, my mother was cooking.While I was watching TV, my mother w

11、as cooking.4) 和过去进行时连用的时间状语：then, at that time, this time yesterday, at ten yesterday.4. 过去完成时1）过去完成时的结构：had + done。2）过去完成时的用法 a）表示一个动作在过去某一时间或某一动作之前已经完成，即“过去的过去”，常与时间状语从句连用。By the end of last month he had only finished half of the work.I found your coat after you had left the house. b) 表示某一动作或状态在过去

12、某时之前已经开始，一直延续到过去的某个时间。并有可能继续下去。常与for, since引导的表示时间的短语或从句连用。 She said that she had made much progress since she came here. c) 在宾语从句中也经常使用过去完成时，表示从句动作先于主句动作发生。 I thought I had seen him before. He told me that he had run out of his money to buy old bikes.3) 与过去完成时连用的时间状语有： by last week, up till then, b

13、y the end of last year, by + 过去的时间状语。5. 过去将来时1）过去将来时的结构：would + do2) 过去将来时的用法： a) 表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态（一般用在宾语从句中）；表示曾经打算或准备要做的动作； 或表示某种迹象即将发生。He said he would buy some fruit for his sister. I thought it was going to rain soon. b) go, come, leave, arrive, start 等动词用进行时态表将来。 He said he was coming t

14、his evening.Passage Onestadium / stedm / n. 体育场；运动场 flame / flem / n. 火焰；光芒 skate / sket / v. 滑冰；溜冰 fan / fæn / n. 爱好者；迷 line / lan / n. (交通)线；路线 competition / kmp't()n / n. 比赛palace / 'pæls/ n. 皇宫；宏伟的大型建筑 bring to an end 结束The 2014 Winter OlympicsGood morning, ladies and gentlemen

15、. Come and watch the official start of the Olympics in the Fisht Olympic Stadium. This way!THE OPENING CEREMONYWere seeing the Olympic flame arrive in the stadium, ending its long trip. The flame has traveled about 65,000 kilometers. Thats the longest distance the flame has ever been carried for a W

16、inter Olympics. And its been carried by around 14,000 people across Russias 83 regions. This year, the torch（火炬） has also been carried to the North Pole and the International Space Station. However, the torch could not be lit in space for safety reasons. Lets move on.THE COASTAs you all know, all sk

17、ating events will take place on the coast. The oldest ice event in the Winter Games is figure skating. It started as a summer sport in 1908 before the creation of the Winter Olympics. The short track speed skating event was not added until 1992. Skating events are among the most popular for Olympic

18、fas.THE TRAINAll right, everyone, its just a 30-minute ride from the coast to the mountains. When Sochi was chosen to host the Olympics, this train line was added to the city. Many of the buildings we visited on the coast were built for the games, too. The stadium we visited yesterday, the Iceberg S

19、kating Palace and many hotels here are new. Now lets enjoy the ride.THE MOUNTAINSWelcome to the Krasnaya Polyana Mountains! Ten of this years 15 Olympic competitions are being held here, and many are starting today. Most are skiing events such as freestyle or ski jumping. Please dont be alarmed by t

20、he gunshots - the biathlon（冬季两项） event mixes skiing with shooting. Sliding events like the bobsled races will also be held in the mountains.That brings to an end todays Olympic tour. Enjoy your time at the Olympics, and dont forget to watch Paralympic Games （残疾人奥林匹克运动会） next month!中考错题本 call 【误】 I&#

21、39;ll call at Mr Brown.【正】 I'll call on Mr Brown.【误】 I'll call on Mr Brown's home.【正】 I'll call at Mr Brown's home.【析】 作"拜访"讲时，at后面接访问地点，而on后面接访问的人。 call on; drop in; visit call on比较正式的为公务的访问，如：We were called on by the old students. 而drop in则是比较随便的走走，顺便拜访，如：If you'r

22、e free, drop in. 而visit则是更正式的外交访问或友好往来，如：My school's headmaster will visit America next week.change 【误】 I want to change my camera with that one.【正】 I want to change my camera for that one.【析】 change for为"以某物为交换物"。而change with则是"随而变"，如：The wood's colour changed with the s

23、eason.cheap 【误】 Ateacher's salary is generally very cheap.【正】 A teacher's salary is generally very low.【析】 工资的高低要用low，cheap是指价格便宜，如果要讲物美价廉则要用not expensive, 如：This car is not expensive.class 【误】 The class is watching TV.【正】 The class are watching TV.【析】 class作主语时，如果作为整体讲则应用单数形式的谓语动词，如：The cla

24、ss was more than forty in number. 如考虑到具体的每个成员时则应用复数形式的谓语动词，如：The class are, in general, very bright.close 【误】 It is cold outside. Please keep the door close.【正】 It is cold outside. Please keep the door closed.【析】 这里的close是动词，意为"关闭"，而keep后要加形容词，所以要用close的过去分词形式closed作形容词。作形容词用的close意为"

25、近的"、"亲密的"。cook 【误】 My father is a good cooker.【正】 My father is a good cook.【析】 很多动词加上er则变为执行该动作的一种人，如work; worker, teach; teacher. 但cook即是动词"做饭"，同时名词也是"厨师"。而cooker则是"厨具"、"炊具"之意。如：I will cook the dinner. I bought a good press cooker(高压锅)。corner 【

26、误】 There is a post office in the corner of the street.【正】 There is a post office at the corner of the street.【误】 A girl sat at the corner of the room.【正】 A girl sat in the corner of the room.【析】 in the corner是在建筑物内部的角上，而at the corner是在外部的角上，如：There is a big tree at the corner of the building.country

27、 【误】 You can find cows in a country.【正】 You can find cows in the country.【析】 country即可作"国家"讲，也可作"农村"讲。当作"农村"讲时，一定要加定冠词，而且只有单数形式。例如：【误】 Farmers live in the countries.【正】 Farmers live in the country.【析】 但作为"国家"讲时则可有单、复数形式，例如：Japan is an Asian country. Japan, Chi

28、na, and India are Asian countries.另外，country一般指的是地理概念上的国家，如：New Zealand is an agricultural country. 而nation多指民族组成的国家，如：The Chinese nation(中华民族)。state多侧重于政权方面的区域、国家范围，如：the state farm(国营农场)。crowd 【误】 The room soon was crowded by people.【正】 The room soon was crowded with people.【析】 crowded在这句话中应作为形容词，

29、所以这句话不是被动语态而是系表结构，如：The room was crowded with books. 单项选择1. Where is Tom? He _ to the shop, he would be back in an hour. A. goes B. went C. has gone D. is going2. I won't go to see the film tonight, because I _ my ticket. A. lost B. have lost C. will lose D. didn't lose3. Our headmaster _ he

30、re for just over two years. A. has been B. have been C. is D. was4. The two old men _ each other since 1970. A. didn't see B. don't see C. haven't seen D. won't see5. How often _ you _ to the park when you were in Tianjin? A. do; go B. did; go C. will; go D. have; gone6. He hit the t

31、ree and _ badly hurt. A. had B. has C. was D. is7. _ this kind of question often _ in your class, Ann? A. Does; ask B. Is; asked C. Has; asked D. Will; ask8. The trees in our school _ every Friday afternoon. A. are watered B. are watering C. has watered D. were watered9. Various programs _ on TV. Wo

32、rld news _ best received. A. will show; are B. are shown; is C. are showing; is D. have shown; are10. The PLA was _ August 1, 1927. A. found in B. found on C. founded on D. founded in11. Lucy isn't in now. Maybe she _ to the reading room. A. is B. goes C. has gone D. has been12. Now I_ who he is

33、. A. am knowing B. know C. knew D. was known13. Three years ago he _ and has not returned yet. A. was left B. left C. had left D. has left14. My brother _ while he _ his bicycle and hurt himself. A. falls; is riding B. fell; was riding C. was falling; was riding D. felt; was riding15. Nearly everybo

34、dy here _ when the old museum _. A. knows; was built B. know; built C. knows; built D. is known; was built16. The teacher must _ carefully in class. A. listen B. be listened C. be listened to D. be listening17. Do you know Mr. Black? No. I hear he is a teacher, but I _ him before. A. had never seen

35、B. didn't see C. would never see D. have never seen18. How many times _ your uncle _ to Shanghai? Twice. A. does; go B. does; be C. did; go D. has; been19. May I have a look at your letter? No, you _. A. don't B. can't C. couldn't D. mustn't20. "May I smoke here?" "

36、;No, you _." A. mustn't B. don't C. must D. needn't21. All of your workbooks must _ to the teachers' office right now. A. hand in B. take C. be brought D. be done22. Mr. John, we must hand in our homework today, _? No, you _. But you must bring it to school tomorrow. A. needn

37、9;t we; mustn't B. mustn't we; needn't C. mustn't you; mustn't D. needn't we; needn't23. You _ to school tomorrow if you go to look after your mother in the hospital. A. don't need come B. don't come C. needn't to come D. needn't come24. The last bus has j

38、ust left. I'm afraid you _ walk home. A. can B. may C. must D. have to25. Do you have to take care of your mother at home? Yes. I _. A. do B. have to C. have D. shall26. Help me with this suitcase, _ you? A. don't B. will C. do D. shall25. They started early that morning in order that they _

39、 there before noon. A. might get B. may get C. would get D. got 中考题型之十二选十A.dream either get good happy you many real sad see too womanI used to watch a little girl playing basketball every day from my kitchen window. One day I asked her why she practiced so 1 . She said：”I want to go to college. The

40、 only way I can go is 2 a scholarship(奖学金).I like basketball and 1 want to be the 3 player in college. My dad told me :”If the dream is big enough, the facts dont count.”She never changed her mind. I watched her through those junior high years and into senior high school. One day before she graduate

41、d from high school，I saw her sitting on the grass 4 I asked her what was wrong. She told me that her coach said she was too short to be a good basketball player, so she should stop 5 about going to college. She was heartbroken and it made me feel bad 6 .Then she smiled and told me her father said th

42、at coach was wrong. He did not understand the power(力量)of dream. Her father said to her: “If you 7 want to play for the scholarship of a good college，nothing but you 8 can stop your dream.” He told her again：”If the dream is big enough，the facts dont count.”The next year, she and her team went to a

43、big game. She 9 by a coach of a famous college team and was offered a scholarship to the 10 basketball team of their college. She was to get the college education that she had dreamed of and worked toward for all those years.“If the dream is big enough. The facts dont count.” It is true.1. 2. 3. 4.

44、5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. B.he build run easy get stand visit invent say science France whichThe Eiffel Tower is one of Europe's most famous buildings. It 1 in a park near the River Seine in Paris. It is 300 meters tall. It was designed and 2 by Alexandre Gustave Eiffel many years ago for the Paris Uni

45、versal Exposition."Universal" here means "of the whole world", and "exposition" is a place where new 3 new kinds of art and new kinds of food are displayed.Eiffel hoped that people could go to the top of the tower 4 , so he asked Elisha Otis to design an elevator. Unfor

46、tunately, the 5 government did not like the first design 6 Otis showed them, and they would not let him put the elevator in. In early 1889, the first visitors had to climb hundreds of stairs 7 to the top.It's interesting that Eiffel 8 lived in the tower where he had his own apartment. Although E

47、iffel designed the tower for people to visit, it was also for 9 use. Now, the tower gets much more 10 than another famous buildingthe Louvre (卢浮宫). 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 中考题型之完成对话Mr. Friend: Hello, Sue. 1 can I help you with?Sue: Hello, Mr. Friend. Ive got problems.Mr. Friend: Oh, dear! Wha

48、t are 2 with you?Sue: Well, Im not good at sports and often 3 at by the other students in P.E.Mr. Friend: Im sorry to hear that. I 4 that you should try your best in P.E. lesson and enjoy the exercise. Now, do you have any problems?Sue: Yes. I 5 have any friends here and I am very lonely. I am good at sch