基于PLC电梯控制系统的设计与实践毕业论文外文翻译

1、英文原文 2021 Workshop on Power Electronics and intelligent Transportation System Design and Practice of an Elevator Control System Based on PLC Xiaoling Yang1,2,Qunxiong Zhu1,Hong Xu1 1 College of information Science &Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China 2 Au

2、tomation College of Beijing Union University,Beijing,100101, China yxl_lmy sina , , Abstract This paper describes the development of 2 nine-storey elevators control system for a residential building. The control system adopts PLC as controller, and uses a parallel connection dispa

3、tching rule based on "minimum waiting time" to run 2 elevators in parallel mode. The paper gives the basic structure, control principle and realization method of the PLC control system in detail. it also presents the ladder diagram of the key aspects of the system. The system has simple pe

4、ripheral circuit and the operation result showed that it enhanced the reliability and performance of the elevators. 1. 1ntroduction With the development of architecture technology, the building is taller and taller and elevators become important vertical transportation vehicles in high-rise building

5、s. They are responsible to transport passengers, living, working or visiting in the building, comfortable and efficiently to their destinations. So the elevator control system is essential in the smooth and safe operation of each elevator. it tells the elevator in what order to stop at floors, when

6、to open or close the door and if there is a safety-critical issue.The traditional electrical control system of elevators is a relay-controlled system. it has the disadvantages such as complicated circuits, high fault ratio and poor dependability; and greatly affects the elevators running quality. Th

7、erefore, entrusted by an enterprise, we have improved electrical control system of a relay-controlled elevator in a residential building by using PLC. The result showed that the reformed system is reliable in operation and easy for maintenance. This paper introduces the basic structure, control prin

8、ciple and realization method of the elevator PLC control system in detail. 2. System structure The purpose of the elevator control system is to manage movement of an elevator in response to users requests. it is mainly composed of 2 parts: 2.1. Electric power driving system The electric power drivin

9、g system includes: the elevator car, the traction motor, door motor, brake mechanism and relevant switch circuits. Here we adopted a new type of LC series AC contactors to replace the old ones, and used PLCs contacts to substitute the plenty of intermediate relays. The circuits of traction motor are

10、 reserved. Thus the original control cabinets disadvantages, such as big volume and high noise are overcome efficiently. 2.2. Signal control system The elevators control signals are mostly realized by PLC. The input signals are: operation modes, operation control signals, car-calls, hall-calls, safe

11、ty/protect signals, door open/close signal and leveling signal, etc. All control functions of the elevator system are realized by PLC program, such as registration, display and elimination of hall-calls or car-calls, position judgment of elevator car, choose layer and direction selection of the elev

12、ator, etc. The PLC signal control system diagram of elevator is showed in Figure 1. 2.3. Requirements The goal of the development of the control system is to control 2 elevators in a 9-storey residential building. For each elevator, there is a sensor located at every floor. We can use these sensors

13、to locate the current position of the elevator car. The elevator car door can be opened and closed by a door motor. There are 2 sensors on the door that can inform the control system about the doors position. There is another sensor on the door can detect objects when the door is closing. The elevat

14、or cars up or down movement is controlled by a traction motor. Every floor, except the first and the top floor, has a pair of direction lamps indicating that the elevator is moving up or down. Every floor, has a seven segment LED to display the current location of the elevator car. The first step fo

15、r the development of the elevator control is to define the basic requirements. informally, the elevators behavior is defined as follows. (1) Running with a single elevator Generally, an elevator has three operation states: normal mode, fire-protection mode and maintenance mode. The maintenance mode

16、has the highest priority. Only the maintenance mode is canceled can the other operation modes be implemented. The next is fire-protection mode, the elevator must return to the bottom floor or base station immediately when the fire switch acts. The elevator should turn to normal operation mode when t

17、he fire switch is reset. Under normal operation mode, the control systems basic task is to command each elevator to move up or down, to stop or start and to open and close the door. But is has some constraints as follows: Each elevator has a set of 9 buttons on the car control panel, one for each fl

18、oor. These buttons illuminate when they are pressed and cause the elevator to visit the corresponding floor. The illumination is canceled when the corresponding floor is visited by the elevator. Each floor, except the first and the top floor, has two buttons on the floor control panel, one to reques

19、t an up- elevator, one to request a down-elevator. These buttons illuminate when they are pressed. The illumination is canceled when an elevator visits the floor, then moves in the desired direction. The buttons on the car control panel or the floor control panel are used to control the elevators mo

20、tion. The elevator cannot pass a floor if a passenger wants to get off there. The elevator cannot stop at a floor unless someone wants to get off there. The elevator cannot change direction until it has served all onboard passengers traveling in the current direction, and a hall call cannot be serve

21、d by a car going in the reverse direction. if an elevator has no requests, it remains at its current floor with its doors closed. (2) Parallel running with two elevators in this situation, there are two elevators to serve the building simultaneously. it runs at 7am to 9am and 5pm to 7pm every day.Wh

22、en an elevator reaches a level, it will test if the stop is required or not. it will stop at this level when the stop is required. At the same time, to balance the number of stops, the operation of two elevators will follow a certain dispatching principle. An elevator doesnt stop at a floor if anoth

23、er car is already stopping cooperation of its electric power driving system and logic control system. 3. Software design Due to the random nature of call time, call locations and the destination of passengers, the elevator control system is a typical real-time, random logic control system. Here we a

24、dopted collective selective control method with siemens PLC S7-200 CPU226 and its extension modules. There are 46 input points and 46 output points in the system. The i/O points are showed in Tablei and Table 2. About software designing, we adopt the modularized method to write ladder diagram progra

25、ms. The information transmission between modules is achieved by intermediate register bit of PLC.The whole program is mainly composed of i0 modules: hall-call registration and display module, car-call registration and display module, the signal combination module, the hall-call cancel module, the el

26、evator-location display module, thefloor selection module, the moving direction control module, the door open/close module, the maintenance operation module and the dispatching module under parallel running mode. The design of the typical modules is described as follows: 3.1. Hall-call registration

27、and display There are two kinds of calls in an elevator: hall-call and car-call. When someone presses a button on the floor control panel, the signal will be registered and the corresponding lamp will illuminate. This is called hall-call registration. When a passenger presses a button in the elevato

28、r car, the signal will be registered and with the corresponding lamp illuminated. This is called car-call registration. Figure2 shows the ladder diagram of up hall-calls registration and display. The self-lock principle is used to guarantee the calls continuous display.3.2. The collective selection

29、of the calls Here the collective selection control rules are used. As showed in Figure3, M5.i-M5.7, M6.0 and M6.i are auxiliary relays in PLC. They denote the stopping request signal of ist to 9th floor respectively. The auxiliary relay M6.2 denotes the elevator drivers operation signal. When there

30、is a call in a certain floor, the stopping signal of corresponding floor will output. When the elevator is operated by the driver,the hall-calls will not be served. And the elevator cannot pass a floor at which a passenger wishes to alight. 3.3. The cancellation of the calls The program of this modu

31、le can make the elevator response the hall-calls which have the same direction as the cars current direction, and when a hall-call is served,its registration will be canceled. The ladder diagram of up hall-callscancellation is showed in Figure4. Figure3 The combination of the calls Figure4 The cancl

32、ellation of up calls in Figure4, the auxiliary relay M4.0 is the up moving flag of the elevator. When the current direction of the elevator is up, M4.0s contacts are closed; on the contrary, when the current direction of the elevator is down, M4.0s contacts are opened. M0.i to M0.7 denotes the car-c

33、alls stopping request signal of floor 2 to floor 8 respectively. This program has two functions: (1) Make the elevator response the normal down hall-calls when it is moving down, and when a down hall-call is served, its registration is canceled. (2) When the elevator is moving up, the corresponding

34、floors down hall-call it passing by is not served and the registration is remained. The cancellation of down hall-calls is reversed with up hall-calls. 3.4. Elevators direction The elevator may be moving up or down, depending on the combination of hall-calls and car-calls. The following ladder diagr

35、am in Fig.5 illustrates that the elevator will move up. Figure5 shows that when the calls corresponding floor is higher than the elevators current location, the elevator will go up. Here the auxiliary relay M4.0 is used as the up-moving flag. When the elevator is moving up, the up-moving lamp is ill

36、uminated, so the M4.0 is connected on. When the elevator arrives the top floor, the up-moving lamp is off and the timer starts. After 0.2s, the M4.0 is disconnected, the up-moving display is off. Here we used M4.0 to replace Q3.i which can ensure the cancellations reliability. 3.5. Elevators floor-s

37、topping Figure6 shows the ladder diagram of the elevators floor-stopping function. As showed in Figure6, M6.4 is the flag of floor-stopping signal. M6.6 is the floor-stopping signal sent by the driver. M7.0 is the fire signal sent by the fire switch. And M6.7 is the forced speed changing signal. Whe

38、n either of these contacts act, the system should send out the floor-stopping signal. . Minimum waiting time algorithm in traffic of elevator systems, there are two types of control task usually. The one is the basic control function to command each elevator to move up or down, to stop or start and

39、to open and close the door. The other is the control of a group of elevators. The main requirements of a group control system in serving both, car and hall calls, should be: to provide even service to every floor in a building; to minimize the time spent by passengers waiting for service; to minimiz

40、e the time spent by passengers to move from one floor to another; to serve as many passengers as possible in a given timei. There are many dispatching algorithms for elevators group control. Such as Nearest-neighbor Algorithm2,which the elevator always serve the closet request next; Zoning Algorithm

41、3 which by analyzing the traffic of elevator system with unequal floor and population demand to dispatch the elevator; and Odd-even rule, which an elevator only serves the odd floor and the other only serves the even floor. The Nearest-neighbor Algorithm minimizes the length of the elevators empty m

42、ove to the next request. it usually has very small average waiting times, but individual waiting times can become quite large2. The Zoning Algorithm usually used in buildings which has heavy traffic situations, such as the office building at lunch time. Compared to the office building and shopping m

43、all, the traffic flow of residential buildings is relatively low and even in every floor. Secondly, people usually think of elevators as purely functional objects and the experience of riding an elevator is time waited for most of them.Furthermore, there exist immense problems when attempting to sat

44、isfy all requirements.Considering all of the reasons above, we adopted the “minimum waiting time algorithm to realize the 2 elevators parallel running4. 5. Conclusions In this paper, we have improved an old elevator control system by using PLC, and realized the group control of 2 elevators. The new

45、control system has been operated for 1 year, and its operation scenarios are as follows: (1) DownPeak This traffic condition concerns people out of the building in the morning between 7am to 9am. (2) UpPeak This condition concerns people entering the building between 5pm to 7pm. (3) Other It covers

46、the day from 6:00 to 0:00 except the two situations above. And in this situation, there is only one elevator running. The results are expressed via an average waiting time and maximum waiting time(both given in seconds) are collected in Tables 3 and 4. Due to the nonparallel running before the refor

47、m, so the average waiting time and maximum waiting time of downpeak and the uppeak are very longer than the reformed. The practice results have showed the better performance of the improved control system. References 1 Ricardo Gudwin, Fernando Gomide, Marcio (i998). “A Fuzzy Elevator Group Controlle

48、r With Linear Context Adaptation. IEEE World Congress on Computational intelligence . Vol. 11-486. 2 Philipp Friese, Jorg Rambau (2006). “Online-optimization of multi-elevator transport systems with reoptimization algorithms based on set-partitioning models. Discrete Applied Mathematics .No. 154, pp

49、.1908-1931. 3 Zheng Yanjun, Zhang Huiqiao, Ye Qingtai, Zhu Changming. (2001). “The Research on Elevator Dynamic Zoning Algorithm and it's Genetic Evolution. Computer Engineering and Applicati1. 4 Xiaodong Zhu, Qingshan Zeng (2006). “A Elevator Group Control Algorithm for Minimum Waiting Time Bas

50、ed On PLC. Journal of Hoisting and Conveying Machiner, No. 6, pp.38-40 英语翻译2021年电力电子技术和智能交通系统研讨基于PLC电梯控制系统的设计与实践Xiaoling Yang1,2,Qunxiong Zhu1,Hong Xu1信息科学与技术学院，中国北京100029北京化工大学中国北京100101北京联合大学自动化系yxl_lmy s1na , ,摘要本文描述了一个住宅楼宇的两个9层电梯控制系统的开展。这个控制系统采用PLC作为控制器，并用一个基于“最小等待时间的并行连接调度规那么

51、，在并行模式下来运行两个电梯。本文给出了根本结构，控制原理和详细的PLC控制系统的实现方法。他还给出了这个系统的关键方面梯形图。该系统具有简单的外围电路，操作结果显示他可以增强电梯的可靠性和它的性能。随着建筑技术的开展，建筑物是越来越高，电梯成为了在高层建筑中重要的垂直运输车辆。电梯负责运输乘客，建设居住，工作或者在建筑中的参观，舒适而高效的到达他们的目的地。因此，电梯控制系统对于每一个电梯能够顺利，平安操作是至关重要的。电梯控制系统告诉电梯以什么样的顺序在楼层中停下，什么时候翻开或者关闭厅门，是否有平安问题。传统的电梯电气控制系统是继电器控制系统。继电气控制系统有一些缺陷，比方复杂的电路，高

52、故障率，低可靠性，并极大的影响电梯的运行质量。因此，受企业委托，我们把住宅楼中用继电器控制的电气控制系统改善用PLC来控制。这样做的结果说明改革后的系统操作可靠，维护方便。这篇文章将介绍系统的根本结构，控制原理和详细的PLC控制系统的实现方法。电梯控制系统的目的就是能够管理运动的电梯响应用户的请求。该系统主要由两局部组成：电力驱动系统包括：电梯轿厢，牵引电机，门厅电机，制动装置和相关的开关电路。这里我们采用一种新型的LC系列交流接触器来代替旧的，并且用PLC的接触来替代大量的中间继电器。牵引电机的电路被保存。因此，原控制柜的缺陷如过高的电压和高噪音被有效的克服了。2.2 信号控制系统电梯的控制

53、信号主要有PLC来实现。输入信号是：操作模式，操作控制信号，轿厢请求，厅门请求，平安/保护信号，厅门翻开/关闭信号，调配信号等。所有的电梯系统的控制功能都是由PLC程序来实现的，如存放，显示和解除厅门呼叫或轿厢呼叫，电梯轿厢位置的判断，选择层和电梯方向的选择等。电梯的PLC信号控制系统图如图1所示。操作控制信号平安/保护信号PLC轿厢呼叫按钮厅门呼叫按钮水平传感器楼层传感器楼层信号灯厅门呼叫灯方向灯到达信号门翻开/关闭控制门翻开/关闭信号电力驱动系统操作代码操作代码 1nputOutput 图1 PLC信号控制系统图2.3 需求控制系统的开展目标是在一个九层的住宅大楼中控制两个电梯。对于每一个

54、电梯，在每一层都安装有一个传感器。我们可以用这些传感器定位电梯轿厢的当前位置。电梯的轿厢门可以由门电机翻开或关闭。在轿厢门上有两个传感器，这两个传感器能通知控制系统门的位置。还有另外一个传感器，当门关闭时，可以检测对象。电梯轿厢的上升和下降运动由牵引电机控制。除了第一层和最高层以外，每层都有一副方向灯，显示电梯的上升和下降。每层都有一个七段LED灯显示当前电梯轿厢的位置。电梯控制开展的第一步是定义根本需求。简略的来讲，电梯的行为被定义如下。（1） 单个电梯运行一般来讲，一个电梯有三个操作步骤：正常模式，防火保护模式和维护模式。维护模式具有最高优先权。只有维护模式被取消其他操作模式才能够被执行。

55、其次是防火保护模式，当火开关动作时，电梯必须立即返回底层或基站。当火开关复位时，电梯应当进入正常操作模式。在正常操作模式下，控制系统的根本任务是命令每个电梯向上或向下移动，停止或启动，翻开或关闭厢门。但有一些制约因素如下：每一个电梯在轿厢控制盘上都有一组9个按钮，每层一个。当这些按钮被按下时，他们是亮的，使电梯访问相应楼层。当相应楼层被电梯访问时，亮着的按钮将熄灭。除了第一层和顶层以外，每一层在楼层控制盘上都有两个按钮，一个用于请求电梯上行，一个用于请求电梯下行。当按下这些按钮时，这些按钮将会被点亮。当电梯访问楼层，然后按期望的方向移动，点亮的按钮取消。轿厢控制盘上的按钮或者楼层控制盘上的按钮

56、通常用来控制电梯的运行。如果乘客想要在那一层下，电梯就不能通过那一层。电梯在某一楼层不会停，除非有人想在那一层下。电梯不能改变方向，除非它已经送达在当前这个方向上的所有乘客，并且厅门的呼叫不能被正在向相反方向行驶的轿厢响应。如果电梯没有请求，那么它将会保持在当前楼层，并关上厅门。（2） 两个电梯并列运行在这种情形下，有两个电梯同时为这栋大楼效劳。它每天早上7:00到9:00和下午5:00到7:00运行。当电梯到达一定的高度时，它将检测是否有停止请求。当有停止请求时，它将在这个高度停下。同时，为了均衡停车次数，两电梯将按一定的调度规那么运作。如果另一个电梯准备好要停车或者已经停止，那么这个电梯间

57、不会在这一层停车。电梯的正常运行是由其电力驱动系统和逻辑控制系统的合作来实现的。由于调用的时间，调用的位置和乘客的目的地的随机性，电梯控制系统成为了一个典型的实时系统。在这里我们用西门子 PLC S7-200 CPU226 的集中选择控制方法和其扩展模块。在系统中有46个输入端，46个输出端。在表1和表2中显示了输入/输出端口。关于软件设计，我们采用了模块化写梯形图程序的方法。模块中的信息传输是通过PLC的中间继电器位实现的。整个程序主要由十个模块组成：厅门呼叫存放和显示模块、轿厢呼叫存放和显示模块、信号组合模块、厅门呼叫取消模块、电梯位置显示模块、楼层选择模块、移动方向控制模块、厅门翻开/关闭模块、维护操作模块和并行运行下的调度模块。典型模块设计的描述如下：3.1 厅门呼叫存放和显示在电梯中有两种不同的呼叫请求：厅门呼叫和轿厢呼叫。当有人按下楼层控制板上的按钮时信号将会被存放并且相应的灯会被点亮。这被称为轿厢呼叫存放。图2是厅门呼叫和存放的梯形图。自锁通常被用于保证呼叫的连续显示。3.2 呼叫请求的集中选择M5.7，M6.0和M6.1是PLC中的辅助继电器。他们分别表示一楼到九楼的停止请求信号。M6.2的辅助继电器表示电梯驱动器的操作信号。当某层