英美国家历史与文化答案

1、 Chapter 1 Land and History1. Choose the most appropriate answer to each question or statement.(5 points for each)1) The following figures were often considered the founding fathers of the American Republic EXCEPT_C_.A. George Washington B. Thomas Jefferson C. Roger Williams D. John Adams2) The foll

2、owing were some of the characteristics of Puritanism EXCEPT_A_. A. Manifest destiny B. Religious freedom C. Intolerant moralism D. Separation of state and church3) The 1920s was associated with the following EXCEPT_D. A. Silent movies B. Ku Klux Klan C. Prohibition D. Television4) Clinton was the se

3、cond US president to be impeached by the House of Representatives, but retired in the_A_. A. The Senate B.the Supreme Court C. The Department of Justice D. The Federal Reserve5) Which of the following did not take place in the Nixon administration? B A. Vietnamization B. Cuban Missile Crisis C. Wate

4、rgate Scandal D. Re-establishing US with China.2. Match the US president with the event that took place in his presidency. (5 points for each)1) Abraham Lincoln e a. New Deal2) Franklin D. Roosevelt. a b. Rapid development in IT Industry3) John F. Kennedy d c. Watergate Scandal4) Richard Nixon c d.

5、Cuban Missile Crisis 5) Bill Clinton b e. Civil War3. Translate the English passage into Chinese. When an American says that he loves his country, he means not only that he loves the New England hills, the prairies glistening in the sun, the wide and rising plains, the great mountains, and the sea.

6、He means that he loves an inner air, an inner light in which freedom lives and in which a man can draw the breath of self-respect. 当一个美国人说他热爱他的祖国， 他不仅仅意味着他深爱着新英格兰连绵的山丘，阳光下熠熠生辉的草原，宽阔无边际的平原，巍峨的高山和一望无际的大海。他真正想表达的是他热爱美国内在的氛围，内在的精神那就是在美国这片土地上他可以自由的呼吸，有尊严的生活。Chapter 2 Government and Politics1. Choose the

7、most appropriate answer to each question or statement.(5 points for each)1) Congress can override the presidents vote by a _vote. AA. two-thirds B. Three-fourths C. Single majority D. four-fifths2) There are currently _Supreme Court justices on the bench. BA. 7 B. 9 C. 11 D. 133) The Founders wanted

8、 the _branch to be the dominant branch of the federal government. BA. executive B. legislative C. Judicial D. media4) Among the elected political officials, only_are elected by all citizens of the United States. CA. Congressman B. Vice-president C. President D. State governors5) What is the most imp

9、ortant weapon in the hand of Supreme Court? DA. Veto B. Overriding a veto C. Impeachment D. Judicial review.2. Judge whether each statement is true(T) or false (F). (5 points for each)1) _F_ African American had the rights to vote in 1776.2) _F_For the United States, one of the basic principles is s

10、ocialist democracy.3) _T_American president has no vote in congress.4) _F_Most of the bills introduced to Congress can eventually become law.5) _F_Wilson succeeded to persuade Congress to ratify the Treaty of Versailles.3. Translate the English passage into Chinese. Whatever changes in Obamas handli

11、ng of foreign affairs, one thing to be sure about is that the changes are tactical in nature. Many of the goals pursued by the Bush administration remain unchanged. First, America will lead. As Secretary of State Hillary Clinton put it, “The question is not whether our nation can or should lead, but

12、 how it will lead in the 21st century.” Second, export of democracy will continue, but less with the help of bayonet. Third, military strength and use of force are important. “We will not hesitate to defend our friends, our interest and also all our people, vigorously and when necessary with the wor

13、lds strongest military. 不管奥巴马怎样改变其处理外国事物的手段，我们可以确定的一点是这些变动在本质上都是外交策略。布什总统执政时期追求的很多目标都没有变。首先，美国将会领导其他国家。正如美国国务卿希拉里·克林顿所说：现在的问题不是我们国家能不能或该不该领导，而是我们应怎样在21世纪领导。其次，民主输出将会继续，但是要减少对武力的依赖。再次，军备实力和武装的调度很重要。“我们将毫不犹豫的保护我们的朋友，保障我们的利益和我们的人民，并将在必要的时候大力的动用世界上最强大的军事力量。”Chapter 4 Social Life and Culture1. Choos

14、e the most appropriate answer to each question or statement.(5 points for each)1) which of the following is a non-profit public television network in the US? CA. ABC B. CBS C. PBS D. CNN2) Jazz has its roots in the following EXCEPT_. DA. West African musical culture. B. African American music tradit

15、ionsC. European military band music D. American native Indian music3) which is not included in the theme of country music? BA. Love and romance B. War and peaceC. Past glories D. Religious beliefs4) which theme among the four was the LEAST relevant to Ernest Hemingways works? BA. War B. Romance C. D

16、eath D. Disillusionment5) which one among the following writers was an African American? BA. Arthur Miller B. Toni Morrison C. Mark Twain D. J.D.Salinger2. Judge whether each statement is true(T) or false (F). (5 points for each)1) _T_American churches are not only places where ceremonies are conduc

17、ted, but community centers for people to make friends with each other.2) _F_Americans observe the Labor Day on the same day as the Chinese.3) _F_Americans only like popular music while little attention is paid to classical music.4) _T_Country music was originally played and listened to by Americans

18、farmers.5) _T_Rocknroll is not only a form of music but also a lifestyle.3.Translate the English passage into Chinese. Toni Morrison is an African-American novelist. Her richly woven fiction has gained her international reputation. In her novels, she treats the complex identities of black people in

19、a universal manner. And in 1993, she won the Nobel Prize for Literature. In her early work The Bluest Eye (1970), a strong-willed young black girl tells the story of Pecola Breedlove, who survives an abusive father. Pecola believes that her dark eyes magically become blue, and that they will make he

20、r lovable. Morrison has said that she was creating her own sense of identity as a writer through this novel: “ I was Pecola, Claudia, everybody.” her other books include Sula (1973), Song of Solomon (1977), and Beloved (1987). 托尼·莫里森是一位著名的非裔美籍小说家。她凭借其情节跌宕起伏的小说而享誉全球。在她的小说里，她一一种最普遍的方式来处理黑人复杂的身份认知

21、。她与1993年获得里诺贝尔文学奖。在其早期的作品最蓝的眼睛（1970）中，一个坚强的黑人女孩讲述了一个从有暴力倾向的父亲手里存活下来的帕克拉·布里得拉维的故事。帕克拉相信她的黑色眼睛奇迹般的变成蓝色，并且蓝色的眼睛会让她变得讨人喜欢。莫里森说过她是以一个作家的身份通过这本小说来建立自己的身份认知。“大家好， 我是帕克拉·克劳迪娅。”她其他的作品包括苏拉（1973），所罗门之歌（1977）和亲爱的（1987）。Chapter 6 Land an History1. Choose the most appropriate answer to each question or

22、statement.(5 points for each)1) Great Britain includes the following EXCEPT_. DA. England B. Wales C. Scotland D. Northern Ireland.2) which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text about London as a center of _? DA. Politics B. Commerce C. Culture D. Industry.3) the item that Doomsday book did

23、not record was_.DA. Land and property B. Mills and cottagesC. Duties and landowners D. Pet animals4) the “glorious revolution” of 1688 put _ on the throne. DA. Charles I B. Charles II C. James II D. William and Mary.5) Oliver Cromwell ruled England for about _ years in the 17th century. AA. 10 B. 20

24、 C. 30 D.502. Match the items in Column A with the answers in Column B.1) Ben Nevis c a. the best-known river in the IK2) The Thames a b. who led Saxon against invasion by the Vikings3) Loch Ness d c. the highest peak in the UK4) Alfred the Great b d. a lake in Scottish Highlands5) William the Conqu

25、eror d e. who ruled England from early 11th century.3. Translate the English passage into Chinese. The city is appreciated for its beauty and its cultural life, particularly during the world-famous Edinburgh Festival, a collection of several festivals of music and drama held in autumn at various cen

26、ters in Edinburgh. The Edinburgh Military Tattoo ( an annual military parade ) is held in the parade ground of the castle for three weeks in August an September. The event is a popular tourist attraction an adds color to the Edinburgh Festival. 这座城市以其美丽的风光和丰富的文化生活而为人所向往，尤其是在世界闻名的爱丁堡节庆期间秋季，在各种各样的中心开展

27、丰富多彩的音乐节和戏剧节。每年的八月和九月都会在城堡的游行广场举行为期三周的爱丁堡军乐节（一种年度的军队游行）。这个盛世喜迎了很多的游客，同时，也为爱丁堡节庆增添了色彩。Chapter7 Government and Politics1. Choose the most appropriate answers to each question or statement.1) A bill dealing with finance is introduced _. BA. In the House of Lords B. In the House of CommonsC. By the Lord

28、 Chancellor D. By the Home of Secretary2) The Prime Minister leads in_. AA. The Cabinet B. The House of Office C. Parliament D. The judiciary3) The Conservative and Labor parties predominant the general election ever since _. BA. 1920 B. 1945 C. 1950 D. 19754) The general election in the UK is held

29、every_years. DA. Two B. Three C. Four D. Five 5) Statue la in the UK consists of _. CA. Practice in court B. Convention C. Acts of Parliament D. Customs2. Judge whether each of the following statement is true(T) or false(F).1) _F_ The Cabinet consists of only important department minsters.2) _F_ Onl

30、y the House of Commons can introduce bills.3) _T_ Tony Blair ran the government in three terms in a row.4) _T_ Chancellor of the Exchequer is a Cabinet minister.5) _F_ NO. 10 Downing Street stands for the Cabinet while Buckingham Palace stands for Parliament.3. Translate the English passage into Chi

31、nese. Official UK policy since 1997 towards China is to advance its commercial interests and to promote “positive” social and political change in China. The UK retains a political dialogue with China over human rights apart from participating in multilateral dialogue through the EU. In effect, incre

32、asing economic ties with China is seen as being the best way of integrating China into international society and also of benefiting the interests of UK business. The bilateral trade and economic cooperation between nations has enjoyed continued development. The United Kingdom remains Chinas largest

33、interest investor and the second largest trade partner among countries. 自1997年起，英对中的官方政策一推动商贸交易和促进中囯在社会和经济上的改革委中心。除了欧盟的多方会谈外，英国还就人权问题同中国保持对话。事实上，加强中英双方的经济交流是中国融入国际社会的最好方式，同时也是有利于英国商业受益的最好方式。中英两国的双方贸易和经济合作持续推进。在所有欧盟国家中，英国是中国最大的投资国和第二大贸易伙伴。Chapter 9 Social life1. Choose the most appropriate answers to

34、 each question or statement. 1) British way of life has often been described as being_.AA. Peaceful and quiet B. UnderdevelopmentC. Poor and miserable D. Materialized2) Which of the following changes is NOT accurate about British food? CA. Quality B. Character C. Taste D. Chefs3) In a British pub on

35、e can do the following EXCEPT_. BA. Order a drink at the barB. Order food at a tableC. Talk to strangers freelyD. Talk to others noisily.4) The sport that is being criticized in the UK is_. AA. Fox hunting B. Football C. Open camping D. Horse racing5) Which of the following is a quality paper? AA. D

36、aily Telegraph B. Daily Mirror C. Daily Mail D. Daily Express2. Judge whether each of the following statement is true(T) or false(F).1) _T_ there are rapid growth in the post-war prosperity of British society.2) _T_ British people enjoy food from foreign restaurants in the UK.3) _F_ Most of the Brit

37、ish holidays now are spent by people traveling abroad.4) _F_ The low price offered by out-of-town malls can be upset by the cost of petrol used for driving there.5) _F_ Most of the owner-occupied dwellings have been acquired with the aid from the government.3. Translate the following English passage

38、 into Chinese. Newspapers in the UK speak for class-based groups. The two tabloids have a predominantly working-class readership, the “qualities” a more middle-class and well-educated one. Advertisements foe teachers and social workers usually appear in the The Guardian because teachers ans social w

39、orkers are apt to read The Guardian, which support the interests of public sector employees. In contrast, The Times speaks for what used to be called the establishment. The Daily Express and Daily Mail are more up-market tabloids and have a socially more representative readership. 在英国，针对不同的阶级有不同的报纸。

40、通俗小报拥有很多工薪阶层的读者，而“品质”报则拥有中产阶级和受过良好教育的读者。在卫报上常常刊登教师和社工的招聘广告，因为教师和社工倾向于看维护公共雇员利益的卫报。相反，时代周刊则为所谓国家利益机构代言。每日快报和每日邮报是较上层的小报并且拥有较有社会代表性的读者。Chapter 11 A Nation from Sea to Sea1. Judge whether each of statement is true(F) or false(F).1) _F_ In area, Canada is the largest country i the world.2) _F_ Canada ha

41、s always been ranked in first place as “ the most livable country in the world.”3) _T_ The westernmost province of British Columbia is in the Pacific Region.4) _T_ The majority of population in Toronto is of neither British nor French descent.5) _T_ The newly set up of the Italian navigator who land

42、ed in Newfoundland in 1497 is John Cabot.2. Match the items in Column A with the answers in Column B.1) Canadas first Prime Minister c a.Champlain2) Father of New France a b.Ottawa3) Largest Canadian city d c.John A .Macdonald4) The official Languages Act e d. Toronto5) Capital city of Canada b e.Pi

43、erre E.Trudean3. Translate the following English passage into Chinese. When I think of Canada, I think of forests filled with animals, and vast amounts of trees. I think of mountains high, of lakes where beavers live. When I think of Canada, I see hockey on the ice, and baseball players on the field

44、, holding our flag with pride. When I think of Canada, I think of people proud, to be of different cultures, I think of Niagara Falls, the natural wonders of our land. When I think of Canada, I see the great Sky Dome. I see a place that many people can proudly call their home.Chapter 14 The Country

45、Down Under1. Choose the most appropriate answers to each question or statement.( 5 points for each)1) Currently, Australias biggest trading partner is _. AA. China B. Japan C. The USA D. ASEAN countries.2) Australia and China established diplomatic relations in_. BA. 1971 B. 1972 C. 1973 D. 19743) A

46、ustralia is NOT a member of_. CA. APEC B. ANZUS C. ASEAN D. WTO4) Which of the following is a minority party in Australian politics? DA. The Australian Labor Party B. The Liberal PartyC. The National Party D. The Australian Greens.5) Which of the following statement s true? DA. The party that wins t

47、he majority of seats in the Senate forms the government.B. The Prime Minster is appointed by the Governor-General.C. The House of Representatives has an equal members form each state.D. The Senate has an equal number of members from each state.2. Match the items in Column A with the answers in Colum

48、n B.1) South Australia d a. the most isolated city in the world.2) Australia Day c b. the most artificial city in Australia3) “ Advanced Australia Fair” e c.Survived Day for the indigenous people4) Canberra b d. a convict-free colony5) Perth a e.national anthem of Australia3. Translate the following

49、 English passage into Chinese. Australia is the second largest country in the southern hemisphere in terms of is land area, neat to Brazil. It is also the only country in the world that occupies a whole continent. The Australian continent is the smallest of all the continents; at the same time it is

50、 also the largest island in the world. The total territory of Australia covers an area of 7692024 sq km( Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2006). It is the sixth largest country in the world, after Russia, Canada, China, the United States and Brazil. 就陆地面积而言，澳大利亚是南半球面积第二的国家。毗邻巴西。它也是世界上唯一一个独占一个大洲的国家。澳

51、大利亚大陆是所有大陆中面积最小的；同时，它也是世界上最大的岛屿。澳大利亚的所有领地面积为7,692，024平方千米。（澳大利亚国家统计局2006年数据）它是世界上第六大国家，仅次于俄罗斯，加拿大，中国,美国和巴西。Chapter 17 Land, History and People.1. Judge whether each statement is true(F) or false(F).1) _T_ It was the Viking invaders that gave Ireland its present name.2) _F_ Like English, Irish Gaeilg

52、e belongs to Roman languages.3) _F_ Ireland declared itself a republic in 1922.4) _T_ The Tain is the title for the Irish Celts saga.5) _T_ When founded in 1594, Trinity College, Dublin was open only to Protestants.2. Match the items in Column A with the answers in Column B.1) St Brigid a a.British

53、king/queen who found Trinity College, Dublin2) Maria Edgeworth c b.British king/queen who first set foot in Ireland.3) Henry II b c.Author of Castle Rackrent.4) Henry VIII e d.CO-founder of a nunnery in County Kildare5) Elizabeth I a e.British king/queen who upgraded Ireland from Lordship to a full

54、Kingdom3. Translate the following English passage into Chinese. Despite these tensions, most of the 18th century was a period of relative peace in comparison with the preceding two hundred years and the two centuries to follow. During this period the population doubled to cover four million, and, wh

55、ile this time is recalled in folk memory as one of political oppression of the majority of the Irish population, by the late 18th century, many of the Anglo-Irish ruling class-once considered too Irish in England and too English in Ireland, now became quite adamantly Irish in Ireland. It is perhaps one of the greatest ironies of British colonization that, in the revolts over the coming century, those who inspired them