三大从句与写作应用讲解版

1、三大从句与写作应用讲解版2020/12/242引导引导词词性性质质功能与特征功能与特征关系关系代词代词thatn.whichn.asn.whowhomn.whoseadj.关系关系副词副词whenadv.whereadv.whyadv.代人或物，代人或物，充当主宾表（充宾可充当主宾表（充宾可省）；不用于非限定，不介连省）；不用于非限定，不介连代物或前文整件事。代物或前文整件事。充当主宾表，用于句首，或与充当主宾表，用于句首，或与the the samesuchsamesuch连用时连用时表人，表人，whomwhom做宾语，可介连做宾语，可介连做定语，做定语，=of whichwhom=of w

2、hichwhom作时间状语作时间状语作地点状语作地点状语作原因状语作原因状语第二页，共53页。2020/12/243只用只用that的几种情况的几种情况 ：当不定代词当不定代词anything, nothing, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时。等作先行词时。eg: That is all that I want to say. There was little that I could do for you.序数词序数词、形容词最高级形容词最高级或或the only,the very修饰时修饰时.This is the best film that I h

3、ave ever seen.This is the very dictionary that i want to buy. 第三页，共53页。2020/12/2442.引导词引导词that用法小结与应用？用法小结与应用？ a)引导定从，引导定从，_（见表）（见表）_。写作应用：写作应用：1)这是我所见过最好的电影。这是我所见过最好的电影。_b)引导名从，引导名从，_。写作应用：写作应用：1）许多人支持这样的观点，帮助他人就）许多人支持这样的观点，帮助他人就意味着帮助自己。（意味着帮助自己。（be in favor of the idea that.）_2) 众所周知，不是每个人都将被大学录取。

4、众所周知，不是每个人都将被大学录取。_This is the best film that I have ever seen.只连只连不充当成分不充当成分, ,引导宾从可省引导宾从可省Many people are in favor of the idea that helping others means helping themselves.As is well known , not everyone can be admitted to college.第四页，共53页。2020/12/245c）用于强调句）用于强调句_。写作应用：写作应用：1）也就是你的帮助，对我的人生起了）也就是你

5、的帮助，对我的人生起了很大作用。很大作用。_d)含含that的状从的状从,_。写作应用：写作应用：1）他的表现如此出色以至于受到了经）他的表现如此出色以至于受到了经理的表扬。理的表扬。_提示：除了引导从句，提示：除了引导从句，that用法有：用法有：_;_写作应用：写作应用：1）天津的人口比北京的人口少。）天津的人口比北京的人口少。_It is your help that makes a difference to my life.只连不充当成分。只连不充当成分。 sosuch that in order thatfor fear thaton conditon thatHe did so

6、well that he was praised by the manager.So well did he do that he was praised by the manager.adv. adv. 很很代词，代代词，代可单、不可名词或整件事。可单、不可名词或整件事。The population of Tianjin is larger than that of Beijing.第五页，共53页。2020/12/2463.引导词引导词which理解与应用？理解与应用？a)引导定从时，引导定从时，_; 写作应用：写作应用：1）天津有很多名胜古迹，是一个历史）天津有很多名胜古迹，是一个历史悠

7、久的大城市。悠久的大城市。_2)他为母亲买了个新电视，这使得母亲非常高兴。他为母亲买了个新电视，这使得母亲非常高兴。_b)引导名从时引导名从时_。2)我也不知道在这次比赛中那支队会赢得最后的胜我也不知道在这次比赛中那支队会赢得最后的胜利。利。_代物或前文整件事。代物或前文整件事。Tianjin is a big cityTianjin is a big city which which has lotshas lots of places of interest and a long history. of places of interest and a long history. He b

8、ought his mother a new TVHe bought his mother a new TV,which,whichmade his mother very delighted.made his mother very delighted.连接代词连接代词,adj性，作定语性，作定语I dont know I dont know whichwhich team will win the team will win the final victory either.final victory either.第六页，共53页。2020/12/2474.成分解题步骤：判定从句（类型）

9、成分解题步骤：判定从句（类型）看所缺成分看所缺成分锁定连词锁定连词1)I shall never forget the days _I lived in Tian Jin.2)I shall never forget the days _I spent with my cousin.3）_ I want to tell you is the deep love and respect_ I have for my parents.That;that B. What; whichC. Which;what D. What; what4）The question is _ team will wi

10、n the match. B. WhatC. Which D. This5）After living in Pair 50 years he returned to the small town_he grew up as a child . 第七页，共53页。2020/12/248 After living in Pair 50 years he returned to the small town_he grew up as a child. I visited the country _had been bombed by the US-led NATO a month before.A

11、.where B. C.that D.in which 题型变换：题型变换：After living in Pair 50 yearsAfter living in Pair 50 years he returned to the small town_ he returned to the small town_he grew up as a child he grew up as a child inin. .A.which B.that A.which B.that in第八页，共53页。2020/12/2495.定从与同位语从句中的隔离现象？定从与同位语从句中的隔离现象？_This i

12、s the book on the desk which I borrowed from our library.写作应用：写作应用：1）中国人被歧视的日子一去不返了。）中国人被歧视的日子一去不返了。_2)我们班赢得了比赛的消息传来了。（我们班赢得了比赛的消息传来了。（Word came that.）_一隔介短；一隔介短； 二隔谓语。二隔谓语。The daysThe days are gone are gone whenwhen the Chinse the Chinse were looked down onwere looked down on。Word Word came came th

13、at that our class won this our class won this match .match .第九页，共53页。2020/12/24106.写作时要注意从句中的语义重复？写作时要注意从句中的语义重复？(改错改错) 1）The boy who we often play with him is our monitor. 2）This is the house where I lived in two years ago.第十页，共53页。2020/12/24117.定语从句中的定语从句中的whose怎么用？怎么用？I visited a scientist _name

14、is known all over the country._ (用用of whom替换替换)The classroom _door is broken will soon be repaired.=_(用用of which替换替换)写作应用：写作应用：1）许多父母在大城市工作的孩子不得）许多父母在大城市工作的孩子不得不由家里的老人照顾。不由家里的老人照顾。_2)我有两个哥哥，其中一个是个医生。我有两个哥哥，其中一个是个医生。_whosewhose . the name of whom .whosewhose the door of which.Many children whose pare

15、nts work in big citiesHave to be taken care of by the old families.I have two brothers, one of whom is a doctor.第十一页，共53页。2020/12/24128.介词介词+关系代词可以关系代词可以=_只存只存在于定语从句中。在于定语从句中。写作应用：写作应用：1）雷锋是我们应该学习的好榜）雷锋是我们应该学习的好榜样。样。_关系副词关系副词 Lei Feng is a good example Lei Feng is a good example from from whomwhom w

16、e should learn. we should learn. 第十二页，共53页。2020/12/2413介词的判定介词的判定还原法还原法 Lei Feng _whom we should learn is our good example.Lei Feng we should learn _ is our good example. This is the boy_whom I played tennis yesterday. I like this city _which I have lived for more than ten years.whomLei Fengfromfrom

17、withininfromfromwith第十三页，共53页。2020/12/24141. The sun gives us heat and light, _ which we cant live.2.Theengineer_whom myfatherworksisabout50yearsold. 3. Ill never forget the day _ which she said good-bye to me.4. Who can give me the reason _ which he hasnt turned up yet?forwithonwithout第十四页，共53页。202

18、0/12/24159.as在从句中的应用在从句中的应用?a) as引导定从，引导定从，_。This is such an interesting book _ we all like.写作应用：写作应用：1）正如谚语所说，有志者事竟成。）正如谚语所说，有志者事竟成。_b)as引导引导_ _ _ _状语从句。状语从句。写作应用：写作应用：1）随着时间的流逝，我们都长大了。）随着时间的流逝，我们都长大了。_2)入乡随俗。入乡随俗。_用于句首，或与用于句首，或与the samesuchthe samesuchasasAsAs the saying goes,where there is a the

19、saying goes,where there is a will, there is a way.will, there is a way.时间、原因、方式、让步时间、原因、方式、让步As time goes by,we grow old.As time goes by,we grow old.When you are in Rome,do as Romes do.When you are in Rome,do as Romes do.第十五页，共53页。2020/12/2416引导词引导词功能与特征功能与特征连接连接词词（不做（不做成分）成分）thatWhetherif*as ifbeca

20、use疑问疑问代词代词whatWhowhomwhichwhose疑问疑问副词副词whenwherewhyhow作时间状语作时间状语只连不充当成分只连不充当成分, ,引导宾从可省引导宾从可省只连接只连接不充当成分，带疑问不充当成分，带疑问 只引导表语从句。只引导表语从句。表事物，充当从句主、宾、表，定。表事物，充当从句主、宾、表，定。表人，充当从句主、宾。表人，充当从句主、宾。连接代词连接代词,adj性，作定语性，作定语做定语，表谁的做定语，表谁的作地点状语作地点状语作原因状语作原因状语作方式状语或表程度作方式状语或表程度第十六页，共53页。2020/12/2417写作应用：写作应用：1）大家正

21、在讨论关于是否我们应该熬）大家正在讨论关于是否我们应该熬夜来学习。夜来学习。_2)他很想知道我们如何按时完成任务。他很想知道我们如何按时完成任务。_3)他住在哪里没人知道。他住在哪里没人知道。_We are dicussing We are dicussing about whetherabout whether we we should stay up to study. should stay up to study.He wonderedHe wondered how how we can finish task we can finish task on time. on time.N

22、obody knows where he lives.Nobody knows where he lives.第十七页，共53页。2020/12/241811.引导词引导词what理解与应用？理解与应用？a)what只引导名从只引导名从_。写作应用：写作应用：1）他所说的与所做的截然不同。）他所说的与所做的截然不同。（nothing like）_2)重要的是你要学会听从别人的建议。（重要的是你要学会听从别人的建议。（what is importantwhat matters most is that.）_表事物，充当主、宾、表，定。表事物，充当主、宾、表，定。What he said is n

23、othing like what What he said is nothing like what he did. he did.What matters most is that you need What matters most is that you need to learn to follow the others advice. to learn to follow the others advice.第十八页，共53页。2020/12/2419b)whatever 既可引导既可引导_,也可以引也可以引导导_。（。（=no matter what）写作应用：写作应用：1）无论我

24、们遇到了什么困难，）无论我们遇到了什么困难，我们都要努力克服。我们都要努力克服。_2）无论你做什么都和我没有关系。）无论你做什么都和我没有关系。_名从名从状从状从No matter No matter what difficultywhat difficulty we we meet,we must try our best to meet,we must try our best to overcome it. overcome it. Whatever Whatever you do is none of my you do is none of my business.business.

25、Whatever Whatever you do has nothing to you do has nothing to do with me.do with me.第十九页，共53页。2020/12/242012. 名从中的形式主语与形式宾语？名从中的形式主语与形式宾语？写作应用：写作应用：1）很肯定的是，成功在于不断的努）很肯定的是，成功在于不断的努力。（力。（it is certain that.）_2) 他不应该把别人帮助他当成理所应当的事情。他不应该把别人帮助他当成理所应当的事情。（take it for granted that.）_3）很明显，他不断的努力成就了他最后的成功。）

26、很明显，他不断的努力成就了他最后的成功。_ItIt is certain is certain that that success lies in success lies in the constant efforts.the constant efforts.He shouldnt takeHe shouldnt take it it for granted for granted that that others helped him.others helped him.ItIt is obvious is obvious thatthat his constant efforts hi

27、s constant efforts contribute to his final victory.contribute to his final victory.第二十页，共53页。2020/12/242113.宾语从句的时态规则？宾语从句的时态规则？ 主过去从句主过去从句_; 主现在从句主现在从句_; 从句是客观事实或真理一律用从句是客观事实或真理一律用_。 写作应用：写作应用：1）小的时候，老师告诉我光的速度比）小的时候，老师告诉我光的速度比声音的速度要快。声音的速度要快。_2)昨天，当我邀请他去看电影的时候，他说他已经昨天，当我邀请他去看电影的时候，他说他已经看过这部电影两次了。看过

28、这部电影两次了。_用过去的相应时态用过去的相应时态看情况而定看情况而定一般现在时一般现在时The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound when he was a child.Yesterday,he said he had seen this moive twice when I invited him to go to the cinema.第二十一页，共53页。2020/12/242214.表语从句的特殊引导词表语从句的特殊引导词becauseas if 用法？用法？写作应用：写作应用：1）他看起来好像很疲

29、惫。）他看起来好像很疲惫。_2)他生病了，那就是他今天没来的原因。他生病了，那就是他今天没来的原因。_(why)_(the reason why is that.)He looks He looks as ifas if he is very tired. he is very tired.He was ill. He was ill. ThatThat is why was absent is why was absent today.today.The reasonThe reason why why he was absent he was absent was was thatthat

30、 he was ill. he was ill.第二十二页，共53页。2020/12/2423同位语从句个性考点15.同位语从句与定语从句异同？。同位语从句与定语从句异同？。 The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school. The news that you told me yesterday was really disappointing.【归纳总结】【归纳总结】两类从句一般都放在两类从句一般都放在_之后。之后。而同位语从句前的名词多为抽象名词，从句而同位语从句前的名词多为抽象名词，从句补补充说明

31、，指出内容充说明，指出内容，that在从句中在从句中_成分。而定从是对前名词进行成分。而定从是对前名词进行_，that在定从中在定从中_成分。成分。名词名词不充当不充当修饰限定修饰限定充当充当第二十三页，共53页。2020/12/2424写作英语：写作英语：1）毫无疑问的是没有什么比生命更重要。）毫无疑问的是没有什么比生命更重要。_2)我们赢得比赛的消息很快在校园里传开了。我们赢得比赛的消息很快在校园里传开了。_3)你昨天告诉我的消息很令人失望。你昨天告诉我的消息很令人失望。_ _Word cameWord came that that we won this match in we won

32、this match in our school.our school.There is no doubtThere is no doubt that that nothing is more nothing is more important than life.important than life.The newsThe news that that you told me yesterday you told me yesterday is disappointing.is disappointing.第二十四页，共53页。2020/12/242516.名词性从句中的虚拟有哪些？名词性

33、从句中的虚拟有哪些？_写作：写作：1）我们应该养成好的学习习惯这很重要）我们应该养成好的学习习惯这很重要._2)真该是我们好好学习的时候了。真该是我们好好学习的时候了。_3)我的建议是我们要懂得如何记笔记。我的建议是我们要懂得如何记笔记。_It is important that we should form It is important that we should form good habits of studying.good habits of studying.It is time that we It is time that we studiedstudied hard. h

34、ard.It is time that we It is time that we should study should study hard.hard.My suggestion is My suggestion is that that we (should)know we (should)know how to take notes.how to take notes.第二十五页，共53页。2020/12/2426Its suggested that the plan_( be) carried out. His fale face suggested that he _(be) ve

35、ry tired. He insisted that we students _ (finish)our homework by ourselves.* The thief insisted that he _ _(not steal) the book. (should) bewas(should) finishhadnt stolen【归纳总结】【归纳总结】“坚持坚持, 命令，建议，要求命令，建议，要求”构成的名从谓语用构成的名从谓语用_ 但但suggust 表表_时不用虚拟；时不用虚拟；insist 表示坚持自身很肯定的事情表示坚持自身很肯定的事情_虚拟。虚拟。表明；暗示表明；暗示不用不

36、用(should) (should) dodo第二十六页，共53页。2020/12/242717.如何判定连词个数？如何判定连词个数？_1) One of the men held the view_ the book said was right.what that B. that what that which D. which that2) _ is known is that he is a famous scientist. 谓动词个数：谓动词个数：2 2个谓语，个谓语，2 2个句子，一个连词。个句子，一个连词。第二十七页，共53页。2020/12/242818.从一句多译看从句间的

37、转换？从一句多译看从句间的转换？1）他把书放在小孩子够不到的地方。）他把书放在小孩子够不到的地方。_(状从状从)_(定从定从)2) 这就是所有我要告诉你的。这就是所有我要告诉你的。_（定从）（定从） _(名名从从)He He putput the book the book wherewhere the kids cant the kids cant reach it.reach it.He put the book in He put the book in the placethe place where where the the kids cant reach it.kids cant

38、 reach it.This is all that I want to tell you.This is all that I want to tell you.This is what I want to tell you.This is what I want to tell you.第二十八页，共53页。2020/12/24293）无论谁违反了校规，都要收到惩罚。）无论谁违反了校规，都要收到惩罚。 _(名从名从) _(定从定从) _(状从状从)4）众所周知，他是个著名的作家。）众所周知，他是个著名的作家。_(定语从句定语从句)_(主语从句主语从句)_(主从主从+表从表从)Whoever

39、Whoever breaks the law will be breaks the law will be punished.punished.Anyone whoAnyone who breaks the law will be breaks the law will be punished.punished.Whoever Whoever breaks the law breaks the law , ,he will be he will be punished. punished. (=no matter who(=no matter who) )As we knowAs we kno

40、w, , he is a famous writer.he is a famous writer.As is As is knownknown, he is a famous writer., he is a famous writer.ItIt is known is known that that he is a famous writer.he is a famous writer.WhatWhat is known is known is thatis that he is a famous he is a famous writer. writer.第二十九页，共53页。2020/1

41、2/2430第三十页，共53页。2020/12/2431第三十一页，共53页。2020/12/2432第三十二页，共53页。2020/12/2433一：一：Adverbial Clauses of TimeAdverbial Clauses of Time时间状语从句时间状语从句When while as 区别？区别？【考题探究】【考题探究】One Friday, we were packing to leave for a weekend away _my daughter heard cries for help. A. after B. while C. since D. when 考点

42、总结考点总结1：三个词中三个词中只有只有_可以接暂时性动可以接暂时性动词。词。典型句型：典型句型： was doing somethingwhen was about to dowhen was on the point of doing sth. when思考：三个词的共同点？思考：三个词的共同点？when都表都表.的时候，都接延续性动词。的时候，都接延续性动词。第三十三页，共53页。2020/12/2434【考题探究】【考题探究】We are cleaning the classroom_ they are playing the football. A.when B.while C.as

43、 D.the moment【考题探究】【考题探究】 _ I accept that he is not perfect, I do actuallylike the person. A. While B. Since C. Before D. Unless考点总结考点总结2：_可强调对比，表可强调对比，表“然而然而”;有时候也有时候也表转折，意为表转折，意为_。【考题探究】【考题探究】 _ time goes by, we all grow old. A. after B. with C. since D. As考点总结考点总结3：只有：只有_表表 “随着随着”。 典型句型典型句型: 随着社会

44、的发展，随着社会的发展， As society develops,. With society developing, With the development of society,while尽管尽管【变式思考】【变式思考】_ time going by, we all grow old. after B. with C. since D. Asas第三十四页，共53页。2020/12/2435【考题探究】【考题探究】1. (01北京春北京春)Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her? Yes. I gave it to her

45、 _ I saw her. A. whileB. the moment C. suddenlyD. although2. (1998上海上海) I thought her nice and honest _ I met her. A. first time B. for the first time C. the first timeD. by the first time3. _ entered the office when he realized that he had forgotten his report. A. He hardly had B. Had he hardly C.

46、Hardly had heD. Hardly he had B BC CC C第三十五页，共53页。2020/12/24362. 总结总结“一一.就就”？1）The thief was caught _ _ _ he arrived in Dalian.2）_ _ (arrive)in Dalian, the thief was caught.3）Hardly _ the thief arrived in Dalian _ he was caught.4）The thief _ _ _ arrived in Dalian than he was caught.考点考点4：注意时态与倒装？：注意

47、时态与倒装？1)I _ _ (give) the letter to her as soon as I see her.2)I _ (give)the letter to her the moment I saw her.3)No sooner _I _( go) to bed than I _(go)to sleep. as soon as 2)The momentminuteinstant, 3) immediately, directly, instantly,4)hardlywhen. ; no soonerthan5)On doing sth, .as soon asOn arriv

48、inghadwhenhad no soonerwill givegavegonewent第三十六页，共53页。2020/12/24373. since “自从自从”，时态要谨记：，时态要谨记：常规：常规：He _ _(work) here since he _(leave)his hometown.【考题探究】【考题探究】1)It has been is three years _I came here.2)It was 5 am _we arrived at the village.3)It was/will be two weeks _we met/meet again. 考点总结考点总结

49、5：时间点对应：时间点对应_；时间段，从句用过；时间段，从句用过去，主句一般现在或现完，用去，主句一般现在或现完，用_; 主将从现主将从现或主从皆过去，用或主从皆过去，用_。has workedleftsincewhenbeforewhensincebefore【变式思考】【变式思考】It was three years ago _I came here.第三十七页，共53页。2020/12/2438小试牛刀小试牛刀1. (04福建福建) Scientists say it may be five or six years_ it is possible to test this medici

50、ne on human patients. A. since B. after C. before D. when2.(05北京春北京春) It is almost five years _ we saw each other last time. A. before B. since C. after D. because C CB B第三十八页，共53页。2020/12/24394. untiltill ( (till till 不用于句首）不用于句首） 基本用法：主句为持续性动词，基本用法：主句为持续性动词， 主句肯定，意主句肯定，意为为“到到为止为止”如：如：He remained t

51、here till/until she arrived. 主句短暂性动词时，用否定，意思是主句短暂性动词时，用否定，意思是“直到直到才才”如：如：She wont go to bed till/until he returns home.思考：将上述划线句子变成强调句与倒装句？思考：将上述划线句子变成强调句与倒装句？强调句：强调句：_倒装：倒装：_It is not until he returns home thatshe will go to bed. Not until he returns home will shego to bed. 第三十九页，共53页。2020/12/2440二

52、：条件状语从句二：条件状语从句if, unless, as/so long as , on condition that , in case(万一万一) ,once【考题探究】【考题探究】 It is known to all that _ you exercise regularly, you wont keep good health. A. unless B. whenever C. although D. if【考题探究】【考题探究】 I always take something to read when I go to the doctors _ I have to wait. （

53、05全国全国卷卷3） Ain case Bso that Cin orderDas if 考点考点7：unless 相当于相当于 if not，意思是意思是“除非除非”“如如果不果不就就”。考点考点8：in case+_; in case of +_.句子句子词语词语第四十页，共53页。2020/12/2441【考题探究】【考题探究】Only if you eat the correct food _be able to keep fit. A.will you B.can you C.you can D.you will【考题探究】【考题探究】 I failed in the test ag

54、ain. _I had made 考点总结考点总结9：only if 意为意为_, 主语主语_; if only 意为意为_, 从从句部分用句部分用_。写作练习：写作练习： 只用用这种方式，我们才能获取成功。只用用这种方式，我们才能获取成功。_只有；如果只有；如果半倒装半倒装要是就好了要是就好了虚拟虚拟Only in this way can we make success.第四十一页，共53页。2020/12/2442 becausesince, nowin that as*for (并列句，只放句中并列句，只放句中)选词填空：选词填空：1) Why were you absent from

55、 the meeting yesterday? _I was ill.2) _everybody is here, lets begin our meeting3)_you didnt turn up at yesterdays get-together, we missed you very much）It must have rained last night, _ the ground is wetBecauseSinceAsfor第四十二页，共53页。2020/12/2443四：让步状从四：让步状从 though, although, while，as, even if / thoug

56、h, no matter wh-wh-ever, whetheror【考题探究】【考题探究】 1)_late he is, his family will wait for him to have dinner together.2)_ difficulties we face, we will never give up hope.3)_you say is of no use now. 考点总结考点总结10：_只用于状从；只用于状从；_既引导状从，也引导名从。既引导状从，也引导名从。_+ adj.adv; _+ n. ，句序相当，句序相当于感叹句。于感叹句。HoweverWhateverW

57、hatever no matter wh-wh-everhoweverwhatever第四十三页，共53页。2020/12/2444考点考点11：“尽管尽管”值多少？值多少？【考题探究】【考题探究】 Child_he is, he knows a lot. (as引导的让步状从须倒装引导的让步状从须倒装) = _ he is a child, he knows a lot.考点总结考点总结11：_ _不可倒；不可倒；_必须倒；必须倒；_ 可倒可不到。可倒可不到。 although , though , while as asthough Althoughwhilethough although

58、 while as though第四十四页，共53页。2020/12/2445五：地点状语从句五：地点状语从句【考题探究】【考题探究】He planted a lot of trees_ there are mountains and rivers.考点考点12：注意与状从与定从的区别：注意与状从与定从的区别：在定从中在定从中where 可以可以=_。 介词介词+which第四十五页，共53页。2020/12/2446六：方式状从六：方式状从as ; as ifthough【考题探究】【考题探究】 1)When (you are) in Rome, do _the Romans do. 2)You look as if you _(be) very tired. 3)He talks about the moon as if he _(be)there