Unit 4 Global warming

1、Unit 4 Global warming一、语言要点I单元要点预览（旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点）词汇部分词语辨析1.consequence/result/effect/outcome 2. glance/gaze/glare/stare 词形变化1.agree v.同意disagree v.不同意agreement/disagreement n.同意/不同意2. exist v.存在existence n.存在3.state v.陈述，说明statement n.声明，阐述4. environment n.环境environmental adj.周围的，环境的environmentalis

2、t n.环境保护主义者重点单词1. phenomenon n. 現象2. tend vt. 趋向, 往往是；照管, 护理3. state vt.声明, 陈述4. range n.行列, 范围；vt. 排列, 归类于5. average adj.平均的 6. existence n.生存7. advocate倡导，拥护8. refresh v.(使)精神振作, (使)精力恢复, 更新9. contribution n.捐献, 贡献, 投稿重点词组come about 发生 quantities of大量的 result in导致 be opposed to反对on behalf of代表一方 p

3、ut up with 忍受； 容忍so long as 只要重点句子1. Some byproducts of this process are called “greenhouse” gases, the most important one of which is carbon dioxide.这个升温过程的一些副产品就叫 “温室”气体,其中最重要的就是二氧化碳.重点语法it的用法（II）(见语法专题)II 词语辨析 (旨在提供完形填空所需材料) 1). consequence/result/effect/outcome【解释】consequence强调因某件事而引起的后果，有时带贬义。r

4、esult普通用语，指某行动，计划或事件带来的最终结果。effect与相对，指动作行为带来的后果或效应。outcome侧重 某项活动，比赛的结果，结局【练习】选择consequence/result/effect或outcome并用其适当的形式填空1) The _ of the game was beyond our expectation.2) The _ of the meeting was that no one should be dismissed.3) The advertisements have much _ on consumers choice.4) In _ of laz

5、iness, he was fired. Keys: 1) outcome 2) result 3) effect 4) consequence2). glance/gaze/glare/stare 看，注视【解释】glance一瞥，匆匆一看，强调动作的短暂gaze凝视，注视，因惊异或赞赏而长时间无意识地凝视某人或某事物glare怒视，带有敌对或威胁的态度stare盯着看，含有无礼或粗俗的意味。【练习】选择glance/gaze/glare或stare，并用其适当的形式填空1) They stood at the top of the hill, _ at the splendid sunse

6、t.2) The manager _ at the document and signed down his name. 3) The dog _ at the stranger and barked.4) Dont _ , its rude!Keys: 1) gazing 2) glanced 3) glared 4) stare III 词性变化 （旨在提供语法填空所需材料） 1.agree v.同意disagree v.不同意agreement/disagreement n.同意/不同意2. exist v.存在existence n.存在3.state v.陈述，说明statement

7、 n.声明，阐述4. environment n.环境environmental adj.周围的，环境的environmentalist n.环境保护主义者【练习】根据句子结构，用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空1) The _ pointed out that the change of _ will cause certain great _ disaster.(environment) 2) It was _ that the new-elected president of U.S.A made a _ announcing new policies to reduce the conse

8、quence of economy crisis.(state)3) Though the two Party usually _ with each other, they have reached an _ on the levels of green house gases they will allow. (agree)4) In the survey, people found it funny that many of the longest-lasting marriages in _ are those between people who _ in frequent quar

9、rel.(exist)keys: 1) environmentalist; environment; environmental 2) stated; statement 3) disagree; agreement 4) existence; existIV 重点词汇 （旨在提供综合运用所需材料）1. phenomenon n. 現象;奇迹，罕见的人才或事物 phenomena(pl.) 典例 1) Rain and snow are phenomena of the weather. 雨雪是天气现象。2) Beethoven was a phenomenon among musicians

10、.贝多芬是音乐家中的天才。3) the phenomena of nature自然现象4) a social phenomenon社会现象练习 汉译英1) 月蚀是一种罕见的现象。_2) 你能向我解释下这一奇怪的自然现象吗？_3) 尽管中途退出了2008年奥运会，刘翔依然是跨栏项目的罕见的人才。_Keys: 1) An eclipse of the moon is a rare phenomenon. 2) Could you explain to me the strange natural phenomenon?3) Though quitting in the 2008 Beijing O

11、lympic Games, Liu Xiang is still a phenomenon in hurdle racing.2. tend vt. 趋向, 往往是；照管, 护理重点用法tendency n. 趋向，倾向（常与to/towards连用）典例1) Most of boys tend to enjoy playing basketball.大部分男孩都喜欢打篮球。2) The older women tend to believe in strangers easily.老人更容易轻信陌生人。3) A team of medical workers were sent to ten

12、d the survivors of wenchuan Earthquake.一组医护人员被派去照料汶川地震的幸存者。4) Nowadays there is a growing tendency for people to shop on internet.如今人们网上购物有增加的趋势练习 汉译英1) 处于压力下的人更容易发挥自己的全部潜能。 _2) 当老板不在时请他照看一个商店 _Keys: 1)People under stress tend to develop their full range of potential. 2) He was required to tend a st

13、ore in the owner's absence.3. state vt.声明, 陈述 n.状况，情况；国家重点用法state+名词/that从句/wh-从句statement n. 声明, 陈述典例1) She is in a terrible state today. 她今天心情不好。2) the head of state国家首脑3) He has publicly stated his support for the policy. 他已公开声明他会支持那项政策。练习 汉译英1) 合同清楚地叙述了那项工作应在何时完成。 _2) 我听见那位官员说不接纳儿童。 _Keys: 1

14、) The contract stated when the work should be finished. 2) I heard the official state that they wouldnot accept children. 4. range n.行列, 范围；vt. 排列, 归类于重点用法beyond the range of超越的范围out of ones range某人达不到的range oneself站在的方面range from to / between and 从到不等练习 根据汉语提示，补全英语句子。1) The shop keeps_(商品品种多) . 2)_

15、(年龄范围)i s from six to twelve years old.3)The temperature_(在15度到35度之间).4)We should _(列身于; 站在的方面)on the side of law and order.Keys: 1)a wide range of goods 2) The age range 3) ranges from 15 to 35 degrees 4)range ourselves5 average adj.平均的;一般的，普通的，中等的 n.平均，平均数典例1) His average result of this three subj

16、ects is 96. 他三科的平均成绩是96。2) The average of 4, 8, and 60 is 24。 4、8和60的平均数是24。重点用法above the average 高于平均水平below the average在一般水平以下on the average平均, 按平均数计算; 一般地说练习 汉译英1) 他在我们班处于中等位置。 _2）这一地区农民的收入高于全省的平均水平。 _Keys: 1) He is an average student in our class. 2) The income of the farmers in this area is abo

17、ve the average of the province.6. existence n.生存典例1) Anything in existence is reasonable.所有的存在都是合理的。2) In the middle age, no one doubted about the existence of God中世纪时没人怀疑上帝的存在重点用法in existence存在exist v.存在练习 汉译英1) 富裕和贫穷同时存在于这个世界里。 _2） 人们认为他是这个世界上最好心的人。 _Keys: 1) Wealth and poverty exist at the same t

18、ime in the world. 2) He is believed to be the kindest person in existence.7. refresh v.(使)精神振作, (使)精力恢复, 更新典例1) When tired, you can refresh yourself with a cup of tea困时喝杯茶提神2) Refresh storage battery in case of being out of energy halfway.给蓄电池充电以免半路没电。3) The host refreshed our teacups. 主人又为我们斟茶。练习 汉

19、译英1) 长时间工作后，一杯冰水使他精神振作。 _2) 有时一件小东西也会唤起人们的记忆 _Keys: 1) A cup of icy water refreshed him after a long times work. 2) Sometimes, a small thing all can refresh your memory V. 词组1. come about 发生【典例】1) How did this come about? 这是怎么发生的? 2) I don't know how it came about but I've got a dent in the

20、rear of my car. 我不知道是怎么回事，但我的汽车后部有了一个凹痕。短语归纳 come along 出现, 发生；come out 出来, 长出；come to 达到；come to oneself 苏醒, 醒悟；come up with 赶上, 提出【链接高考】It's already 10 o'clock. I wonder how it _ that she was two hours late on such a short trip. A. came over B. came out C. came about D. came up答案与分析：C。考查动词

21、come构成的短语。A为“过去”；B为“出来”；D为“出现，到来”；为“发生”。2. quantities of 大量的典例1) Before they enter an entrance examination, they have to do quantities of exercise.在参加入学考试前，他们得做大量的练习。2) He drinks large quantities of water every day.他每天都喝大量的水。短语归纳 A (large) quantity of /quantities of+名词（可数/不可数）A mount of/ amounts of+

22、不可数名词注意：以上短语修饰名词充当主语时，由quantity/amount的单复数决定谓语的单复数。练习 汉译英1) 桌上摆满大量的食物。 _2) 在这个地区仅提供少量的牛奶 _Keys: 1) Large quantities of food were on the table. 2) Only a small quantity of milk is offered in this area.3. result in 导致【典例】1) Stress and tiredness often result in a lack of concentration. 紧张和疲劳常使人精神不集中。2)

23、 Acting before thinking always results in failure. 做事不先考虑总会导致失败.3) The accident resulted in the death of two people. 这场意外事故造成两人死亡。4) Excessive dosage of this drug can result in injury to the liver. 这种药使用过量会损害肝脏。短语归纳 lead to作“导致”result from 由.产生；as result 因此; 结果；as a result of作为.的结果; 由于.without resul

24、t 无效地, 毫无结果地； 练习根据汉语提示，补全英语句子。（每空一词）1) 结果他们拯救了这座森林里90的树木。_ _ _, they saved 90% of the trees in the forest.2) 我一直在想法打开箱子，但到现在这没有没打开。I've been trying to open the box, but _ _ so far.3) 此项工程的搁置已导致了6个人被解雇。The shelving of the project have_ _ six redundancy.4) 她勤奋苦读，终于进了中山大学。_ _ _ of her hard work was

25、 a place at Zhongshan University.Keys: 1) As a result 2) without result 3) resulted in 4)As a result 4. be opposed to 反对【典例】1) All the states in UN were opposed to the war launched by Israel.所有的联合国成员国都反对以色列发起的这场战争。2) Many residents in Guangzhou are opposed to the plan of tearing down the old buildin

26、gs.广州许多居民反对拆毁旧房子的计划。短语归纳 表示反对：disagree with; object to; be against表示赞成：agree with; be in favour of; be for练习 汉译英 1) 热爱和平的人们都反对核反应。 _2) 我们赞成她升为总裁 _Keys: 1)People loving peace are opposed to nuclear weapon. 2)We are in favor of her promotion to president.5. on behalf of 代表一方【典例】1) My husband could not

27、 be here tonight, but l want to thank you on his behalf.我丈夫今晚因故不能前来, 我代表他向你们致谢。2) We attended the global conference on behalf of our country.练习 汉译英1) 很荣幸在这儿代表我的学校演出。 _2) 那个英雄的妻子代替她死去的丈夫接受了这枚勋章。 _Keys: 1) Im greatly honored to put on performance here on behalf of my school. 2) The heros wife accepted

28、 the medal on behalf of her dead husband.6put up with 忍受；容忍【典例】1) I'm not going to put up with this! 我再也受不了啦！2) We have to put up with her bad temper. 我们只得忍受她的坏脾气。3) Noise is coming to the point where we can't put up with it. 噪音快到我们无法忍受的地步。短语归纳 put aside 节省；put away储存；put down写下put off 延期； p

29、ut out 熄灭； put up 举起；【链接高模】Tom would like to find somewhere to work because he can not _ the boss.A. come up with B. catch up with C. keep up with D. put up with答案与分析：D。考查词组辨析。根据所给语境可知他无法 “忍受”这个老板。A项表示“想出”练习 汉译英1) 在这种情况下，我们不得不忍受不便之处. _2) 不允许拖延付清帐单 _Keys: 1) In that situation, we had to put up with t

30、he inconvenience. 2) We are not allowed to put off paying the bills.7. so long as 只要【典例】1) As long as you don't betray me, I'll do whatever you ask me to (do). 只要你不出卖我，要我做什么我都愿意。2) As long as live, I will help you. 只要我活着，我都会帮助你。3) As long as you drive carefully, you will be very safe. 如果你开车小

31、心，你就会很安全。4) I don't mind as long as it doesn't rain. 只要不下雨就行了。短语归纳 on condition that 在的条件下练习 汉译英1）如果我挣到足够的钱，我就出国。 _2）只要你能给我们合适的原因，我们就会帮助你。 _Keys: 1)I will go abroad on condition that I earn enough money. 2) We will help you on condition that/as long as you can offer us the proper reason.VI 重

32、点句子 （旨在提供句子结构等所需材料）Some byproducts of this process are called “greenhouse” gases, the most important one of which is carbon dioxide. 这个升温过程的一些副产品就叫 “温室”气体,其中最重要的就是二氧化碳.解释one/all/every/each/part of which(whom)引导的定语从句，表示“他（它）们中的一个/所有/每/部分”典例1) I have three good friends, all of whom have emigrated to U

33、.S.A.我有三个好朋友，他们都移民美国了。2) Here are many kitties, two of which are yellow.这有许多小猫，其中两只是黄色的。练习 汉译英我有三个叔叔,其中最年轻的叔叔三年前去了澳洲. _Key: I have three uncles, the youngest one of whom went to Australia three years ago.二、课文要点1课文词汇等填空（旨在复习本课文中的单词拼写和主要词语等）根据课文内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法：When 1 (compare) with most natural

34、 changes, that the temperature of the earth rose about one degree Fahrenheit during the 20th century is quite shocking. And its human activity 2 has caused this 3 (全球的) warming rather 4 a random but natural 5 （现象）. Dr Janice Foster explains that we add huge 6 of extra carbon dioxide to the atmospher

35、e by burning fossil fuels. From the second 7 （图表）and the discovery of Charles Keeling, all scientists believe that the burning of more and more fossil fuels has resulted 8 the increase in carbon dioxide. Greenhouse gases continue to build up. Some think that the trend would be a 9 (灾难). On the other

36、 hand, George Hambley 10 (声明) that more carbon dioxide would encourage a greater range of animals and bring us a better life.答案：pared 2.that 3.global 4.rather 5.phenomenon 6.quantities 7.graph 8.in 9.catastrophe 10.states2课文大意概括 （旨在训练用30个单词概括大意的能力）阅读课文，试着用30来个单词概括课文大意或翻译下面短文。通过文章我们得知，地球的温度正在上升。它也给我们

37、展示不同的想法和根据数据图表分析全球气候变暖的原因，地球的温度和增加可能造成的影响。 From the passage we know that _ 答案：From the passage we know that the temperature of the earth is rising. It also shows us different ideas about global warming and analyzes the causes of the earths increased temperature and the possible effects according to

38、the data from the graphs. 3课文佳句背诵与仿写 （旨在培养对难句的理解和运用能力）1.【原句】There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon. 毫无疑问，地球是在变暖，而地球变暖正是人类活动导致而成，并非是一种无规律的自然现象。 模仿要点 句子结构：there is no doubt that and that 句式 + it is that 强调句【模仿1】毫无疑问，圣诞节的庆祝活动是一个很好的学习方式的西方文化;而且庆祝圣诞节，让我们的生活更有趣。_答案：There is no doubt that the celebration of Christmas is a good way of learning the western culture and that it is the celebration of Christmas that makes our life more interesting.【模仿2】毫无疑问，太多的电脑