Week 10-11 chapter 7 International Cargo Transport-- s

1、 Modes of transport Clause of shipment Major shipping documents Ocean carriage Air transport Rail transport Road transport Inland waterway transport Parcel post 邮政包裹 Container transport 集装箱运输 International multimodal transport Also called Ocean Shipping, or Marine transportation. Most widely used mo

2、de of transportation+ low cost+ large discharge capacity+ large freight volume+ long distances- Low speed - Vulnerable to weather- Less punctualLanguages International Marine Organization (IMO) 国际海事组织 Or so = about, around, more or less 大约 There is a motel a mile or so down the road (= about a mile

3、or possibly a little more). the Marine Information System 海洋信息系统 the United States Maritime Administration (MARAD) 美国海事管理局 Conference line vessels 公会班轮船公会班轮船- run fixed schedules; - follow fixed routes; - charge standard rates (conference rates)- provide international service for the carriage of car

4、go Non-conference line vessels 非公会班轮船非公会班轮船- still liner services- not belong to the conference - independent freight rate, sailing schedule and ports of call (停靠港停靠港)- Flexible, but have problem of insufficient cargo supply Liners operate on a scheduled service between a group of ports. Liners sail

5、 on scheduled dates and times irrespective of whether they are full or not. Shipment so made on liners is relatively small but frequent. The respective liabilities of the consignors and the carriers are listed in the bill of lading issued by the liner companies. Liner companies usually publish their

6、 sailing schedule in newspapers or distribute it among the consignors.Tramp Ships 租船运输租船运输/不定期货船不定期货船 no firm schedule no regular routes or time no fixed rate sail off to where the goods are available -like a marine taxi General cargo vessels 杂货船 Oil tankers 油轮/油船 Container vessels 集装箱船（货柜轮） Oil/Bul

7、k/ore (OBO) vessels 石油、散货、矿石船 Ro/Ro vessels 滚装船 (Roll-on/ Roll-off) LASH (Lighter Aboard Ship) 普通截驳货船 Refrigerated ship 冷藏船 Timber Ship 木材船Charter Ships 租船租船 Modes: Voyage Charter 定程租船Dead freight 空舱费Lay days (Lay time) 装卸时间Demurrage charge 滞期费Dispatch money 速遣费 Time Charter 定期租船 Bare Boat Charter (

8、BBC) 光船租船 For items marked with “W” 按货物毛重计 Weight ton (W/T) 重量吨 For items marked with “M” 按货物体积计 Measurement ton (M/T) 尺码吨 For items marked with “Ad Val” 按货物的价格计 Ad Val (A.V.) 又称从价运费 For items marked with “W/M” 按货物毛重或体积计 Subject to higher rate 从高计收 For items marked with “W/M or Ad Val.” 按货物毛重或体积计或价格

9、计价 The highest rate is applicable 从高计收 For items marked with “W/M plus Ad Val.” 按货物毛重或体积计从高计收之后，再加一定百分比的从价运费 Surcharges 1Extra Charges on Heavy Lifts ( Heavy Lift Additional ) 超重附加费Extra Charges on Over Lengths ( Long Length Additional ) 超长附加费Additional on Optional Discharging Port 选港附加费Transshipmen

10、t Additional 转船附加费Direct Additional 直航附加费 Port Additional ( Port Surcharge )港口附加费Surcharges 2Bunker Surcharge 燃油附加费Devaluation Surcharge 货币贬值附加费Port Congestion Surcharge 港口拥挤附加费Alternation of Destination Charge 变更卸货港口附加费Deviation Surcharge 绕航附加费 Young form of transportation Plus and minus: + high sp

11、eed + good quality + low risk + competitive insurance premium - high operating cost - high initial cost - low capacity Scheduled airlines 班机运输 - fixed schedule; fixed airlines; fixed airports Chartered carriers 包机运输 - a plane chartered by one or more shippers Consolidated consignments (集中托运) - a num

12、ber of individual shipments into one consignment on one general air waybill - lower freight Air express service 航空货物快运 - quickest delivery service - desk-to-desk service - suitable for urgently needed articles and important documents M/W (subject to the higher rate) Four types of airline rates: - Ge

13、neral Cargo Rate (G.C.R.一般货物运价 ) - Special Cargo Rate (S.C.R.特种货物运价 ) - Class Rate (C.R.等级运价 ) - Unitized Consignments Rate (U.C.R集装箱货物运价 ) Characteristics of airline rates: - one-way freight from one airport to another - delivery charges, customs charges and storage charges excluded - publicized in

14、 local currency - measurement unit is kilo or pound - fluctuate in line with market conditions Plus and minus + large capacity (second to ocean transport) + relatively high speed + economical+ less prone to interruptions by poor weather + relatively punctual- confined to railroad- less flexible Inte

15、rnational Railway Through Transport Domestic Rail Transport consignment note 托运单据+ versatile+ flexible in operation+ high distributive ability- Low capacity- High operating cost- High risk of pilferage and damage- complication- A major form esp. in underdeveloped countries - Relatively slow Advantag

16、es of containerization: - increase the efficiency of handling - save operating costs - improve the transportation quality - simplify delivery formalities - promote multi-modal transportation FCL full container load 整箱货 LCL less than container load 拼箱货 CFS container freight station 集装箱货运站 Four types

17、of container transport: FCLFCL 整箱交整箱接（整装整拆） FCLLCL 整箱交拆箱接（整装拼拆） LCLFCL 拼箱交整箱接（拼装整拆） LCLLCL 拼箱交拆箱接（拼装拼拆） Based on container capacity/origin and destination of the merchandise Inland transportation cost is included Based on the type of commodity For LCL, each commodity is charged separately for the fr

18、eight At least two modes of transport One contract, one transport document, one operator, one freight rate Use of containers - simplicity + high efficiency+ good quality+ low cost and time saving+ economy and simplicity of documentation Time of shipment Port of shipment and port of destination Shipp

19、ing advice Partial shipment and transshipment Lay time, demurrage and dispatch 1) A definite time is given for shipment. e.g.: Shipment on or before May 30th Shipment at or before the end of June Shipment during March Shipment during January/February/March 2) When the payment is made by L/C, the tim

20、e of shipment is usually made in connection with the time of receipt of L/C. e.g. The L/C must reach the seller not later than July 15th, and shipment be made within 30 days after receipt of L/C. immediate shipment, prompt shipment, shipment as soon as possible no universal explanation should not be

21、 used in contractsAttentions Generally, one specific port are stipulated BUT, sometimes two or more are stated E.g. Port of shipment: Xingang/Shanghai Optional 装运港：新港/上海，任选 Port of destination: London/Hamburg/Rotterdam Optional 目的港：伦敦/汉堡/鹿特丹，任选 Avoid vague destination Make it clear Provide some flex

22、ibility Take into account (port regulations, facilities, charges and possible sanctions) Be alert to different ports with same nameBoston 波士顿 美国Liverpool 利物浦 英国 Newcastle 纽卡索 英国San Francisco 旧金山 美国Sydney 悉尼 澳大利亚Vancouver 温哥华 加拿大Victoria 维多利亚 喀麦隆Hamilton 哈密尔顿 百慕大群岛 Kingston 金斯敦 牙买加英国有同名港口加拿大有同名港口 美、加

23、拿大、 澳大利亚有同名港口 巴西有同名港口 加拿大有同名港口 美国有同名港口 加拿大、巴西、几内亚、智利、马尔他 西非塞舌尔群岛均有同名港口 加拿大有同名港口 加拿大、 澳大利亚有同名港口 Different Ports with Same Names Prompt notice from the seller to the buyer of the port of shipment, the date of sailing, the name of the carrying vessel and ETA essential under CFR Notice from the seller t

24、o the buyer of cargo readiness 30 days or 45days before the time of shipment essential under FOB Partial shipment clause: Partial shipment is (not) allowed. Specify the time and quantity of each shipment: Shipment during March to June in four equal monthly lots. 36月，分四批每月平均装运 Transshipment clause: T

25、ransshipment is (not) allowed. Indicate who pays the cost of transshipment Ways of calculating lay time: - days or running days 日、连续日 - weather working days of 24 hours 累计24小时好天气工作日 - weather working days of 24 consecutive hours 连续24小时好天气工作日Demurrage : compensation paid for detention of a ship, frei

26、ght car, or other cargo conveyance during loading or unloading beyond the scheduled time of departure.Dispatch: reward paid by a vessels operator to a charterer if loading or unloading is completed in less time than stipulated in the charter party. Issued by the carrier, transport documents testify

27、that the goods have been shipped for the transport and delivery. Under symbolic delivery, this is required by the seller for the settlement of payment. Consignment note 托运单托运单 Air waybill 空运单 Parcel receipt 包裹单包裹单 Bill of lading 海运提单海运提单 Combined transport documents (CTD) 多式联运单多式联运单 The bill of ladi

28、ng is an important marine transport shipping document that, together with the insurance policy 保险单and commercial invoices商业发票商业发票, constitutes the chief shipping documents indispensable to foreign trade. B/L has three significations. First, it is a receipt of the goods . Second, it is a contract. Th

29、ird, it is a document of title (所有权凭证所有权凭证). Languages: It is a document of title to the goods, enabling the shipper or owner of the goods to endorse title to other parties, sell goods in transit, and present to banks with other documents in seeking payment under documentary credits. 这是货物所有权凭证，使货主能将

30、货物所有权背书给他人，转售货物，并连同其他文件一起提交银行，以求在跟单信用证下付款。Varieties of B/L Shipped (on board) B/L and received for shipment B/L 已装船提单和备用提单 Clean B/L and unclean B/L 清洁/不清洁提单 Straight, blank and order B/L 记名提单/不记名提单/指示提单 Direct, transshipment, through bill of lading 直达运输提单/转船提单/联运提单 Liner B/L, container B/L and comb

31、ined transport B/L 班轮提单/集装箱提单/多式联运提单 Long form B/L and short form B/L 全式提单/略式提单 On deck B/L, stale B/L, ante-dated B/L and advanced B/L 舱面提单/过期提单/倒签提单/预借提单 Shippers Load and Count 托运人/发货人装载或计数 Transshipment B/L 转船提单 须注明“在。港转船”或“须经转船”的字样。Order B/L 指示提单指示提单 指示 “order” 凭发货人指示 “order of shipper” 凭*银行指示

32、“order of * bank” This kind of B/L can be transferred to others by endorsement背书背书. blank endorsement空白背书空白背书 special endorsement记名背书记名背书. Blank endorsement has only the name of the endorser on the back of the B/L Special endorsement has the names of both the endorser and the endorsed. Though usuall

33、y the B/L used in business practice is order B/L with blank endorsement.Through B/L 联运提单联运提单 是指海运和其他运输方式联合运输的时候，第一程海运承运人签发的包括全程的提单。 It has more than one carriers. It combined transport of marine and some other mode of transport 这种提单用于海陆联运、海河联运或海空联运。 签发联运提单的承运人一般都在提单中规定只承担负责运输的一段航程内的货损责任。Combined Tra

34、nsport B/L 多式联运提单多式联运提单 for Multi-modal transport document (MTD). Combined transport, or multi-modal transport, involves at least two modes of transport in the carriage of a consignment. This is different from through bill of lading, which is only used in the combined transport of marine and some other mode of transport. Different from through bill of lading, this is operated by only one carrier. 多式联运提单既可以用于海运与其他运输方式的联运，也可用于不包括海运的其他运输方式的联运。 多式联运提单只有一个承运人。Others Groupage B/L 成组提单/并装提单 House B/L