班王怡英语国家课程标准翻译

1、1National Curriculum for England 英国国家课程标准英国国家课程标准key stage one第一关键期第一关键期 Translated by: 王怡王怡2What is the National Curriculum for England?The natinal Curriculum sets out a clear,full and statutory entitlement to learning for all pupils up to the age of 16.It dertermines the content of what will be ta

2、ught and sets attainment targets for learnning.It also dertermines how performance will be assessed and reported.An effective National Curriculum gives teachers ,pupils,parents employers and the wider community a clear and shared understanding of the skills and knowledge that young people will gain

3、at school.Teaching should enensure that work in speaking and listening,readingand writingis intergrated.国家课程标准为16岁以下的学生阐述了清晰的完整的法定的学习权利。他决定所要教授课程的内容，设定学习所要达到的目标，决定学习的评估方式和报告形式。给老师，学生，家长，雇员和更广范围的社会群体通过一份有效的国家课程标准可以对学生从学校习得的知识和技能有一个清晰地，共同的理解。教学需要保证学习过程中听、说、读、写的一体化。3knowledge skills and understandingke

4、y stage 1pupils learn to speak confidently and listen to what others have to say.They begin to read and write indepently and with enthusiasm.They use language to explore their own experiences and imaginary worlds.speaking1)To speak clearly,fluently and confidently to different people,pupils should b

5、e taught to: a.speak with clear diction and appropirate intonation b.choose words with precision nise what they say d.focus on the main point(s) e.include relevant detail f.take into account the needs of their listeners知识 技能和理解关键阶段1学生学会有自信的说话，学会耐心的聆听。他们开始有热情的独立的阅读和书写。他们用语言去探究自己的经历和想象世界。说1）清楚的、流

6、利的、有自信的对不同的人说话，学生们需要被教授： a.用清晰的措词和合适的语调说话 b.选择精确的词汇 c.组织说过的话 d.关注要点 e.包含相关细节 f.考虑听者的需要4Listening2)To listen,understand and respond to others,pupils should be taught to: a.sustain concentration b.remember specific points that interest them c.make relevant comments d.listen to others reaction e.ask qu

7、estions to clarify their understanding f.identify and respond to sound patterns in language (for example,alliteration,rhyme,word play)听2）倾听，理解，答复他人，学生需要被教授： a.持续的集中注意力 b.记住他人感兴趣的具体点 c.做相关的评论 d.倾听他人的反应 e.通过提问使他人的理解更明晰 f.辨别和回应语言中的合理部分（例如：头韵，押韵，双关）5Group discussion and interaction3)To jion in as member

8、s of a group,pupils should be taught to: a.take turns inspeaking b.relate their contributions to what has gone on before c.take different views into accountsDrama4)To participate in arange of drama activities,pupils should be taught to: a.use language and actions to explore and convey situations,cha

9、racters and emotions b.create and sustain roles individually and when working with others ment constructively on drama they have watched or in which they have taken part 小组讨论和协作3)作为小组的一个成员，学生需要被教授：a.轮流的说话b.把他们的贡献与曾经发生的事联系起来c.考虑不同的观点戏剧4)参加类似戏剧表演的活动，学生需要被教授：a.用语言和行动去探究和传达情境，人物和情感b.和其他人一起工作室，保持创造性和角色的个

10、性c.对他们观看的或者参加过的戏剧做出建设性的评论6Standard English5)Pupils should be introduced to some of the main features of spoken standard English and be taught to use themLanguage variation6)Pupils should be taught about how speech varies:a.in different circumstances (for example,to reflect on how their speech change

11、s in more formal situations)b.to take account of different listeners(for exampe,adapting what they say when speaking to people they do not know)标准英语5）需要向学生们介绍标准口语的一些主要特征，并说明如何使用他们语言变体6）学生需要被教授语体是如何变化的a.在不同的环境下（例如：反映在更加正式的场合下语体是如何变化的）b.考虑不同的听众（例如：当和他们不熟悉的人说话时，适应这种交谈）7Breadth of study7)During the key

12、stage ,pupils should be taught the knowledge,skills and understanding through the following range of activities,contexts and purposesSpeaking8)The range should include:a.telling stories,real and imaginedb.reading aloud and recitingc.describing events and experiencesd.speaking to different people,inc

13、luding friends,the class,teachers and other adults学习的广度7）在关键期期间，学生需要通过活动、情境、有目的的学习知识、技能、理解说8）这个范围包括：a.说故事，不管是真实的，还是想象的b.大声的朗读和背诵c.描述事件和经历d.对不同的人说话，包括朋友，同学，老师和其他的成人8Listening9)The range should include opportunities for pupils to listen to:a.each otherb.adults giving detailed explanations and presenta

14、tions (for example,describing how a model works,reading aloud)c.recordings (for example,radio,television)听9）这个范围需要包括为学生们的倾听创造机会：a.倾听是相互的b.成人给出详细的解释和陈述（例如:描述一个模型是如何工作的，大声的读出来）c.记录（例如：广播、电视）9Group discussion and interaction10)The range of purposes should include:a.making plans and investigationsb.shar

15、ing ideas and menting and reportingDrama activities11)The range should include:a.working in roleb.presenting drama and stories to others(for example,telling a story through tableaux or using a narrator)c.responding to performances小组讨论和协作10）目的的范围包括a.制定计划，深入调查b.分享主意和经验c.评论和记录戏剧活动11）这个范围包括：a.进入角色工作b.向别

16、人陈述戏剧和故事（例如：通过舞台造型或讲解员叙述故事）c.对表演做出回应10Reading strategies1)To read with fluency,understanding and enjoyment,pupils should be taught to use a range of stragies to make sense of what they read.They should be taught to:a.hear,identity,segment and blend phonemes in words b.sound and name the letters of t

17、he aiphabetc.link sound and letter patterns,exploring rhyme,alliteration and other sound patternsd.identity syllables in wordse.recognise that the same sounds may have different spellings and that the same spellings may relate to 阅读策略1）为了流利的，理解的，愉快的阅读，学生需要学习一系列的策略使他们的阅读有意义。他们需要学习：a.倾听、辨别、划分和合成单词中的音素

18、b.按字母表的顺序读这些字母并为他们命名c.把语音和字母模式联系起来,探究押韵头韵或其他的语音模式d.辨别单词中的音节e.认识到相同的读音可能会有不同的拼写，而同一种拼写会有不同的读音11Word recognition and graphic knowledgef.read on sight high-frequency words and other familar wordsg.recognise words with common spelling patternsh.recognise specific parts of words,including perfixes,suffix

19、es,inflectional endings,pluralsGrammatical awarenessi.understand how word order affects meaningj.decipher new words,and confirm or check meaningk.work out the sense of a sentence by rereading or reading ahead单词的识别和图形知识f.阅读高频率单词和其他熟悉的单词g.识别单词的常见拼写模式h.识别单词具体部分，包括前缀，曲折词缀和复数语法意识i.理解单词组合的顺序是如何影响句意的j.译解新词

20、，检查和确认词义k.通过提前阅读或反复阅读理解一句话的句意12Contextual understandingl.focus on meaning derived from the text as a whole ：m.use their knowledge of book conventions,structure,sequence and presentational devicesn.draw on their background knowledge and understanding of the content内容理解1.重点关注来自文章的整体意义m.利用他们对书的文法，结构，连续

21、性以及演讲技巧方面的知识n. 关注他们的背景知识核对内容的理解13Reading for information2)Pupils should be taught to:a.use the organisiational features of non-fiction texts,including captions,illustrations,contents,index and chapters,to find informationb.understand that texts about the same topic may contain different information

22、or present similar information in different waysc.use reference materials for different purposes从阅读中获取信息学生们需要被教授：a.运用非小说类文章的组织特征，包括标题，插图，内容，索引和章节，以查找信息b.知道探讨同意话题的文章可能包含不同的信息活着用不同的方式呈现相同的信息c.针对不同的目的使用参考材料14Literature3)To develop their understanding of fiction,poetry and drama,pupils should be taught

23、to:a.identify and describe characters,events and settings in fictionb.use their kownledge of sequence and story language when they are retelling stories and predicting events c.express preferences,giving reasons d.learn,recite and act out stories and poems e.identify pattens of rhythm,rhyme and soun

24、ds in poems and their effectsf.respond imaginatively in differentways to what they read(for example,using the characters from a story in drama,writing poems based on ones they read,showing their understanding through art or music)文学3）为了提升他们对于小说诗歌和戏剧的理解力，学生们需要被教授：a.识别和描述小说中的人物事件和环境b.当他们复述故事和预测事件时，运用他

25、们的故事线和故事语言c.表达偏好，给出原因d.学习，背诵，表演故事和诗歌e.辨别诗歌中的节奏韵律和声音，阐述他们的作用f.对于他们阅读的作品，用不同的具有想象力的方式做出回应。（例如：选择戏剧中一个故事中的人物，基于他们阅读的这些故事写诗歌，通过艺术或音乐展现他们的理解程度）15Language structure and variation4)To read texts with greater accuracy and understanding,pupils should be taught about the characteristics of different types of

26、text (for example,beginnings and endings in stories,use of captions)Breadth of study5)During the key stage,pupils should be taught the Knowledge ,skills and understanding through the following ranges of literature and non-fiction and non-literay texts语言的结构和变化4）阅读的文本应有更高的准确性和理解力，学生需要被教授不同类型的文本特点（例如：故

27、事的开头和结尾，加上标题）学习的广度5）在关键期期间，学生需要通过以下范围的文学作品，非小说和非文学的文本作品习得知识、技能和理解，16Literature 6)The range should include:a.stories and poems with familar settings and those based on imaginary on fantasy worldsb.stories,plays and poems by significant childrens authorsc.retellings of traditional folk and fairy stori

28、esd.stories and poems from a range of culturese.stories,plays and poems that are challenging in terms of length on vocabularyg.texts where the use of language benefits from being read aloud and reread文学：6）它的范围包括：a.具有相同背景的或基于想象和幻想世界所创作出来的故事和诗歌b.卓越的儿童作者所创作的故事，话剧和诗歌c.传统民间故事和童话故事的复述d.从一系列的文化中产生的故事和诗歌e.

29、因为单词的长度而演变的复杂的故事戏剧和诗歌g.语言的运用从大声的朗读和反复的阅读中获益17Nonfiction and nonliterary texts7)The range should includea.print and ICT- based information texts,including those with continuous text and relevant illustrations b.dictionaries,encyclopedias and other refrence materialsComposition1)Pupils should be taugh

30、t to:a.use adventurous and wide-range vocabularyb.sequence events and recount them in appropriate detailc.put their ideas into sentencesd.use a clear structure to organise their writinge.vary their writing to suit the purpose and reader f.use the texts they read as models for their own writing非虚构类和非

31、文学类文本7）它的范围应该包括a.印刷信息和通以信技术为基础的信息文本，包括那些连续文本和有关插图b.字典，百科全书和其他参考资料作文1）学生需要被教授a.大胆的，宽范围的运用词汇b.用适当的细节按顺序叙述事件c.把创意转化为句子d.用清晰的结构组织文本内容e.为了适应读者的需要而变化写作形式f.运用他们读过的文章作为自己写作的范文18Planning and drafting2)Working with the teacher and with others,in order to develop their writing,pupils should be taught to:a.writ

32、e familar words and attempt unfamilar onesb.assemble and develop ideas on paper and on screenc.plan and review their writing,discussing the quality of what is writtend.write extended texts.with support (for example,using the teacher as writer)Punctuation3)Pupils should be taught:a.how punctuation he

33、lps a reader understand what is writtenb.the connections between punctuation and sentence strcture,intonation and emphasisc.to use capital letters,full stops,question marks and to begin to use commas规划和起草2）和老师等其他人一起工作以提高写作能力，学生需要被教授：a.写熟悉的单词，尝试使用不熟悉的单词b.以书面形式或电子形式聚合和开发观点c.计划和审查他们的写作，讨论所写内容的质量d.在外力的帮

34、助下扩充文章内容（例如，在老师的帮助下）标点3）学生需要被教授a.标点帮助读者理解所写内容b.标点和句子结构之间的联系，语调和强调c.使用大写字母，句号，问号，首先使用逗号19Spelling4)Pupils should be taught to:a.write each letter of the alphabetb.use their knowledge of sound-symbol relationships and phonological patterns(for example,consonant clusters and vowel phonemes)c.recognise

35、and use simple spelling patternsd.write common letter stringse.spell common wordsf.spell words with common prefixes and inflectinal endingsChecking spellingg.check the accuracy of their spelling,using word banks and dictionariesh.use their knowledge of word families and other wordsi.identify reasons

36、 for misspellings拼写4）学生需要被教授a.按字母表顺序写每一个字母b.运用声音符号的关系和语音模式方面的知识（例如：辅音群和元音音素）c.认识和运用简单的拼写模式d.书写普通的字母行e.拼写普通的单词f.运用普通的前缀和曲折词缀拼写单词检查拼写g.检查拼写的准确性，使用词汇银行和字典h.使用单词家谱和其他单词的知识i.找出拼写错误的原因20Handwriting and presentation5)In order to develop a legible style,pupils should be taught:a.how to hold a pencil/penb.to

37、 write from left to right and top to bottom of a page c.to start and finish letters correctlyd.to form letters of regular size and shapee.to put regular spaces between letters and wordsf.how to form lower-and upper-case lettersPresentationg.the importance of clear and neat presentation in order to c

38、ommunicate their meaning effectively手写和演示5）为了使书写易读，学生需要被教授：a.如何正确的握铅笔、钢笔b.在一整页纸上，从左往右，从上往下的书写c.从头一个单词的每个字母都要正确的拼写d.单词的形式是常规的大小和形状e.字母与字母，单词与单词之间有合适的空隙f.怎样书写大小写字母演示g.清晰地，有序的进行演示的重要性，以便有效的传达意义21Standard English6)Pupils should be taught some of the grammatical features of written standard EnglishLanguage structure7)In composing their own texts ,pupils should be taught to considera.how word choice and order are crucial t