人教版高一英语必修3UNIT4知识点总结.

1、UNIT 4 Astro nomy: the scie nee of the starsWordssolar system pla net circle astro nomy orig in religio n widely theory uni verse atomsbilli on dust solid globe viole nt explode carb on vapor n itroge n produce atmosphere appear surface unlike obvious fun dame ntal prese nee dissolve harmful acids c

2、ha in react ion extremely multiplied oxygen en courage developme nt shellfish in sect amphibia ns reptiles huge dino saurs exist rise mammalspread thus dioxide remove puzzle prese nee chemistry pla net gravity evide nee satellite viole ntshocked gen tle rude biology prove discovery physicist supply

3、decrease species exti net climateconcern disappear spaceship force escape pull lesse n float weight painful frighte ning amazed increase exhaust ing structure theory situati on crashPhrases:in all direct ions comb ine to settle into in time cool dow n fill.with as well as layeggs rema in a mystery g

4、ive birth to in one s tur n preve nt.from as a result of depe nd onno Ion ger die out block out crash into doze ns of fall back tocheer up twice as far as fall over now that get the hang ofstep forward break out pay atte nti on to watch out be make up of be fun dame ntal tobeg in with in all direct

5、ions accord ing towatch out for 密切注意；当心;提防Grammar:I.What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dustsettled into a solid.随后它变成什么没人知道，知道 3845 亿年前，这团 尘埃才慢慢地形成一个固体的球状物。be to do1 将要做某事”指预先安排好的计划或约定2 表示义务、命令、禁止或可能性等,意思接近于 should,must,have to3 表示将来必然要发生的事，意为 注定

6、.”(2010 全国高考 The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortuneA. is madeB. would makeC. was to be madeD. had made2. The earth become so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.地球变得激烈动荡，不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。句法分析：本句是 So.that句型,that 引导的结果状语从句中又包含一个主语从句，其

7、中 it 是形式主语whether the shape would last or not 是真正的主语。violent:adj.暴力的;强暴的;猛烈的;激烈的拓展：a violent crime / behavior 暴力犯罪 /行为a viole nt storm 暴风骤雨do violent to对.施暴;歪曲(事实take .by viole nee 抢夺with violenee 强烈地,强有力地;用暴力3.They were in time to produce carb on dioxide, n itroge n, water vapor and other gases,whi

8、chwere to make the earth s a 最终产生二氧化碳、氮气、水蒸气 和其他气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。句法分析:which 引导非限制性定语从句 ,先行词为 carb on dioxide ,n itroge n, water vapor andother gases.in time1 终于;迟早;最后2 及时來得及（用作此意是,in time 后常跟 for sth 或 to do sth.拓展：at no time 任何时间都不 at a time 每次，一次at one time 曾经，一度 at the sane time 同时，然而at times 有时，时常

9、（=sometimes=for time to timein no time 立刻 ahead of time 提前all the time 一直，始终 on time 按时，准时for the time being 暂日寸 once upon a time 从前take one,time 从容进行 kill time 消磨时间（2013 陕西高考 The manager wants to see changes in the company,and I am sure he will.A.in particularB.i n turnC. i n cha ngeD. i n time（201

10、2 江苏高考-Thank God you re safe-I stepped backjust_ toavoid the raci ng car.4. It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fun dame ntal to the developme nt of life.水对生命的发展起关键作用，这一点在当时并不明显。be fun dame ntal to 对必不可少/至关重要 fun dame ntal adj 基本的，基础的be similar to 与.相似be harmful to 对.有害be importa nt

11、to 对来说是重要的翻译：有些专家认为，阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。（2015 安徽高考5. What many scie ntist believe is that the continued prese nee of water allowed the earth todissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and s4 很多科学家相信;地球 上长期有水存在，使地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。be harmful to.对有害（=do harm toharmless adj 无害的 be harmless to 对无害

12、harmful adj.有害的 be harmful to 对.有害harm n伤害，损害 do harm to sb=do sb harm 对某人有害学法点播:有些单词其词性的变化形式和 harm 类似，如:carefcarefu 小心的careless 粗心的fcarelessness（粗心 hope hopeful 有希望的fhopeless 没有希望 的fhopelessness（绝望helpfhelpful 有帮助的fhelpless 无助的fhelplessness （r 无可奈何（2010 浙江 高考 Many lifestylepatter ns do such_ great

13、harm to earth that they actuallyspeed up_weakening of the huma n body.A. a;/B. /;theC. a;theD. /;/6. They multiplied and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen ,which encourage the laterdevelopment of early shellfish and all sorts of fish 它们繁殖起来使得海洋充满了 氧气，这为早期的贝类及各种鱼类后来的进化创造了条件。multiply v.繁殖;成倍增加；迅速

14、增加;乘;乘以链接：add v 力卩;增力卩;添力卩 plus prep.加上subtract v 减;减去;扣除 minus prep 减去2+2=4 Two plus/added to two is four.4-2=2 Four minus two is two.Two subtracted from four is two.2 2=4 Two times/multiplied by two is four.4 吃=2 Four divided by two is two.7. Later when the plants grew into forests,reptiles appear

15、ed for the first time.后来，当这些植物长成森林时，爬行动物第一次出现了。1 句法分析:when 引导时间状语从句；介词短语 for the first time 作状语。Grow into sth 不能用于被动语态。2 for the first time 第一次拓展:This is/was the first .time +that 从句，表示 这是某人第几次做某事”从句常 用完成时态。即：主语连系动词为 is 时，从句用现在完成时，为 was 时,从句用过去完 成时。3 grow into sth 变成，变得习惯于（不能用于被动语态grow away from sb

16、逐渐疏远某人grow on sb 逐渐为某人所爱grow out of sth 产生于;体型上太胖而穿不上衣服grow up （指人或物长大；成长;成熟8. They laid eggs and existed on the earth for more than 140million years.它们也生蛋，在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。搭酉己:exist in 存在于.中 exist on（=live on 靠.为生/生存单词积累:existenee n 存在，生存 existing adj.现存的，现行的拓展:come into existenee /being 形成，出现 in exi

17、stenee 现存的；存在的(2010 江苏 高考 Theexperime nt has ruled out the possibility of the_(exist of any lifeon that pla nt,but it dose not mean there is no life on other pla nts.9. These animals were different from all life forms in the past ,because they gave birth to youngbaby an imals and produced milk to fe

18、ed them 这些动物不同于以往所有 的生命形态，因为它们从体内生产出幼崽并给幼崽哺乳。give birth to 分娩;生孩子产生;引起链接：at birth 在出生时，诞生时by birth 天生;生来;在血统上be of good/noble birth 出生名门brin g.to birth 使.产生10. Thus they have , in their turn , become the most important animals on the plant. 于是，他们接着成为了这个行星上最重要的动物。thus adv.因此，于是，所以这样，如此In one s tu 轮到某

19、人;接着拓展：by turns 轮流，依次 in turns 依次,反过来take turns to do sth 轮流做某事It s one s turn to（轮到某人做某事(2007 湖北高考 People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their owncars,a nd this_creates further problems.A. i n shortB. i n caseC. i n doubtD. in turn11.They are putti ng too much carb on dioxide in

20、tothe atmosphere,which preve nts heat from escap ing from the earth into space 他 们把过多的二氧化碳排放至 U 大气层中 , 这使得地球上的热量不能释放到太空中去。句法分析：which preve nts .space是which 引导的非限制性定语从句,which 指代前面的整个句子。preve nt.(fromdo ing 阻止.做误区警示：stop sb (fromdoi ng sth 阻止某人做某事keep sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事protect sb from/against s

21、th 保护某人免遭某物(伤害defend sd from sth 保卫某人不受某物伤害(2012 福建高考 China recently tightened 加紧 its waters controls near theHuan gya n Isla nd to preve nt Chin ese fishi ng boats from_(attacki n theSouth Chi na Sea.12. How life bega n on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scie ntist found hard to solve.生命究竟

22、是怎样起源的是科学家们觉得最难解决的问题之一puzzle 1 n 难题;谜搭配:be in a puzzle 不知如何是好;感到困惑2 v.（使迷惑;（使为难搭配:puzzle about /over 苦 苦思索单词积累：puzzled adj 感到困惑的，困惑的 puzzling adj.令人迷惑的13. I cheered up immediately and floated weightlessly around in our spaceshipcab in.我立刻高兴起来，由于失重,我在太空舱里飘来飘去 cheer up 市高兴起来,（使振作起来链接:cheer .on 为.加油/鼓劲

23、 Cheers!（祝酒时用干杯！（天津高考-1 m thi nking of the test tomorrow .I m afraid I can t pass this time.-_! I m sure you ll make it.A. Go aheadB. Good luckC. No problemD. Cheer up14. But when I tried to step forwardfound I was carried twice as far as on the earthand fell over.但当我尽力向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上

24、的两倍，因此我摔倒了。twice as .as .的两倍.,这是一种倍数表示方法英语里常见的倍数表示法有三种：A is+倍数+形容词比较级+tha n BA is+倍数+as+形容词原级+as BA is+倍数 +the size/weight/height/le ngth/width.+of B asasas +形容词、副词原级+asas +adj.+a/a n+单数可数名词+asas +adj.+复数可数名词+as拓展as many /much as 多达as light as feathe 轻如鸿毛as soon as.一 就.as/so far as 远至 U ;一直至 U .as e

25、arly as 早在as strong as a hors 强壮如牛as long as 长达as well as 除.之夕卜，还as good as 与.几乎一样as .as possible 尽可能地.(2013 安徽高考 1.lt s said that the power plant is now_ large as what itwas.A. twice asB. as twiceC. twice muchD. much twice(2011 陕西高考 The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be倍大 the

26、present one. 15.“ Oh dear ” , I cried, “ walking does need a bit of practice now that gravityhas changed.天哪“”我大声说，重力改变了，看来走路的确需要练一练了。”句法分析：now that 引导原因状语从句。动名词 walking 作主语，并且用 does 来强调谓语动词 need。now that 既然(引导原因状语从句(2015 湖北高考 The team are working hard to analyze 分析 theproblem_they can find the best

27、soluti on. 16. We watched, amazed as firebroke out on the outside of the spaceship as ehearth s gravity in creased惊奇地看到，随着地球引力的增加，宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起火。break out 突然开始,爆发 break up 解散;破碎;结束break through 突破;冲垮 break away from.脱离.break down 出故障;坍塌;(精神，身体垮掉 break in 进入;插话break into 强行进入（某处;突然开始（笑,欢呼等(2012 陕西高考 1.H

28、e had to pause from time to time to wipe the sweat from hisforehead,because the air-c on diti oning system_A. broke inB. broke upC. broke outD.broke dow n(2015 天津高考 See, your computer has broken_again! It doesn t makesense to buy the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars.17. In our s

29、olar system eight pla nets circle around the sun.system n.C系统，体系;体制,制度;U条理，秩序the solar system 太 阳系a social system 社 会制度un der the n ew/old system 在新 / 旧制度下have system in one s 工作有条理18. Ca n you match the n ames with the pla nets?match v.和.协调，搭配;与匹敌,成为的对手n.火柴;比赛;对手;配偶match .with 使和搭配match up to 相当,配得

30、上be a match for 与.相匹酉己find/meet one,s match 棋逢对手，遇上对手match point 最后决定胜负的分；赛点19.lt exploded loudly with fire and rock.explode v 爆炸,爆破;突然爆发；突增;破除;推翻explosion n 爆炸;爆裂;突增 unexploded adj 未爆炸的explosive adj 易爆炸的，易爆发的;突增的 explosively adv.爆炸地;突增地explode a bomb =set off a bomb 使 炸弹爆炸explode a superstiti on 破除

31、迷信explode into wild laughter 突然大笑起来the explodi ng world population 迅猛增长的世界人口2O.As a result of this eve nt, a great dust cloud formed in the sky block ing out the sun light.block out 挡住，遮住（光线，声音等,忘掉，抹去（不愉快的事情block out （用路障圭寸锁，堵住block up 塞住,圭寸住block one s 曲曲挡住某人的去路block sth.in/out 草拟，画.的简略图21.We were

32、trying to escape the pull of the earths gravity.pull 拉（力;拖;牵引力pull dow n 拆毁pull out （of 驶出（车站;抽出;取出pull up （使车停下pull through 恢复健康;（使渡过难关/危机语法精讲（名词性从句-主语从句主语从句通常由下列词引导：1 从属连词 that,whether,if 等；2 连接代词 what,who,which,whatever,whoever,whom 等;3 连接畐【J 词 how,when,where,why 等。that 在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词都在句

33、中既保留自己的 疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当主语的成分。注：whom、who 指人,what 指 物,whatever,whoever表示泛指意义。例女口 :What he wants to tell us is not clear 他要 跟我们说什么，还不清楚。Who will win the match is still unknown.谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。It is kn ow n to us how he became a writer 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。Where theEn glish eve ning will be held has not ye

34、t bee n announ ce（英 语晚会将在哪里 举行,还没有宣布。有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语 it 代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首 而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：（1It be+名词+ that 从句Its a great pity that they did nt get marriec 他们没能结婚，真是令人惋惜。It s a good thing that you were insured(尔保了险，这可是件好事。(2It be +形容词+ that 从句Its splendid that you passed your exa

35、n 尔通过考试了，真棒。Its strange that there are no lights or 真奇怪，没有一盏灯是开着的。(3It be +动词的过去分词+主语从句Its said that he has been there ma ny time 据. 说他去过那儿很多次。(4It +不及物动词+ that 从句1另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时 动词要用虚拟语气“(should +do 常用的句型有：It is n ecessary (importa nt, n atural, stra nge, etc. thatIt is suggested (

36、requested, proposed, desired, etc. that(5 it seems/happe ns+tha 从句众所周知的几种表达方式(lit is known to us that.(2As is known to us.(3what is known to us is that.it 引导的强调句结构:It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子其它部分。eg:My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.强调主语：lt was my father who did the experimen

37、t in the lab yesterday evening.，谓强调宾语:It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening.强调时间：It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the lab 注意不用 when强调地点:It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday evening.(2015 北京高考_we un dersta nd things

38、 has a lot to do with whatwe feel.A. WhereB. HowC. WhyD. When(2013 陕西高考 It rema ins to be seen_ the n ewly formedcommittee s policy can be put into practice.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. whether(2015 江苏高考_Li Bai , a great Chin ese poet,was born is known tothe public ,but some won,t accept it.A.WhatB. Why

39、C. WhereD. How(2011 江苏高考 It was never clearthe man hadn ” t reported theaccide nt sooner.A. thatB. howC. whe nD. why(2014 天津高考 I think_ impresses me about his painting is the colorshe uses.A. whatB. thatC. whichD. who(2011 江西高考 The villagers have already known_ we II do is to rebuildthe bridge.A.thi

40、sB.thatC.whatD.which(2012 安徽高考 The limits of a pers on,s in tellige nee, gen erally speak ing, are fixedat birth, but_he reaches these limits will depe nd on his en vir onment.A. whereB. whetherC. thatD. why语法选择1.It rema ins to be seen_ this pla n is practical eno ugh to keep theproject going.A. whe

41、therB. howC. whereD. whe n2._ (2014 陕西高考 the delay flight will take off depe nds much ontheweather.A. WhyB. WhenC.ThatD.What3. (2012 全国高考 It is by no means clearthe preside nt can do to endthe strike.A. howB. whichC. thatD. what4. (2011 北京高考_Barbara Jones offers to he fans is hon esty andhapp in ess

42、.A. WhichB. WhatC. ThatD. Whom5. (2012 江西高考 It suddenly occurred to him_ he had left his keys inthe office.A. whetherB. whereC. whichD.that6. (2012 山东高考 It doesn t matteryou pay by cash or credit cardin this store.A. howB. whetherC. whatD. why7. (2012 湖南高考 Every one in the village is very frien dly.

43、 It does n tmatter_ you have lived there for a short time or a long time.A. whyB. howC. whetherD. that8. _ I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my pare nts.A:That B:Which C:Whether D:What9. (2014 大纟冈高考 Exactlythe potato was introduced into Europe isun certa in ,but it was proba

44、bly around 1565.A. whetherB. whyC. whe nD.how10._ (2014 陕西高考 the delay flight will take off depe nds much onthe weather.A. WhyB. WhenC. ThatD. What11. (2014 北京高考 Some people believe_has happe ned before or ishappening now will repeat itself in the future.A. whateverB. whe neverC. whereverD.however12

45、. (2013 重庆高考_ struck me most in the movie was the father sdeep love for his son.A. ThatB. ItC. WhatD. Which13.(2012 山东高考 It doesn t matteryoupay by cash or credit card in this store.A.howB. whetherC. whatD. why单词变形1. system n. -_adj 系统的2. religion n. -_ adj.宗教的；虔诚的3. theory n. -_ adj 理论上4. globe n.

46、-_adj 全球的;总体的5. viole nt adj. -_adv.猛烈地;激烈地-_n.暴力;侵犯6. i n time_on time_7. un like prep.（介词-_ prep.像8. harmful adj. -_ v./n.伤害;损害-_ adj.无害的;无恶意的9. multiply-_multiply by 乘以10. lay-_-_-_ 产卵;放置11. exist v. -_ n.存在;生存12. puzzle v. -_ adj.感至卩困惑的-_ adj.令人困惑13. biology n. -_n.生物学家14. gen tie adj. -_adv 轻轻地

47、;温和地15. physicist n. -_ n 物理学-_adj.身体的;物理的-_ n.内科医生16. lesse n v. -_ adj. /adv 较少的;较少地17. cheer v.欢呼;使高兴;为加油-_ adj.快乐的，愉快的，高兴的18. weightlessly adv. -_ n 重量;重力19. break -_-_打破;弄破;休息;中断20. _、心;堤防_ 看守;监视;看管一、短语互译1. 突发;爆发_2. 密切注意；当心;提防_3. 轮到某人_4. 阻止;制止_5. 挡住（光线_6. 感到高兴;感到振奋_7. 及时;终于_8. 既然_9. solar syste

48、m_lO.lay eggs_11. give birth to_12. carb on dioxide_13. get the hang of_14.i n all directi ons_15. 轮到某人;接着16. 感到高兴，感到振奋17. 密切注视;当心;堤防18. be fun dame ntal to_二、填词1. Opportunities_ 存 在 in our compa ny for experie need engin eers.2. The_气氛 of the meeting is very friendly.3. Remember to put the_ 链子 on t

49、he door when you lock it.4. Fresh air is_基础的 to good health,so we should make everyeffort to improve air quality.5. There are many理论 about how the uni verse came intoexiste nee.6. Dave was always cautious. IT was a_ 谜 why he took a cha neethis time.7. He was broken the world record of 100m,_ 因此匕 win

50、ning thisgold medal.8. The new gover nment promised to improve the prese nt health care_(体系.9. The hot气候 here doesn t agree with her.10. The car碰撞 straight into a tree.11. He found something_ 漂浮 on the lake which frighted him.12. Man can t生存 without water.13. The nurse (gentlemopped 擦 the blood from

51、 the wound with a soft cloth.14. He worked very hard,接着 he succeeded will do the construction.15. The sandstorm 产生 a chain reaction 连锁反应 which ended ina serious train crash.16. Roman Catholicism(天主教 is one of the biggest (religious in the world.17. There were reports that some people had bee 阻止 voti

52、ng in the election. frighte ned her.18. When SARS_ 爆 发，fear spread out quickly all over the cou ntry.19. With a_ (viole ncekick(踢,the robber broke into the old mans house.first、词汇运用第组:give birth to, in time, for the first time, lay eggs , in turn1. My sister_ a lovely baby last ni ght,which made us

53、very happy.2. He lost a game_ in two years.3. Not all the ani mals on the earth produce young by_ .4. We stude nts clea n the classroom every day_ .5. Although we met with some difficulty, we successfully completed the project第二组:now that,block out,get the hang of,watch out for,break out,cheer up1.

54、The man has a bad habit of telli ng lies.Please_ him now and the n.2. You look sad. ! Everyth ing will be all right soon.3. he has graduated from uni versity,he should lear n to earn his livi ng.4. A viole nt quarrel betwee n them on how to bring up their only child.5. After a while, the sky was by

55、black clouds.6. Typing is easy once you it.第三组:force, disappoint, system, surface, harmful, astronomy, gravity, publish,atmosphere, pla net1. His words_me and I lost hope for him.2 .He seems very hon est on the_but actually he is not reliable.t know or expla in in the field of_3. There is still a lo

56、t that scie ntists don4. He posted his n ewly-writte n no vel to a_ house but received no reply.5 .There are eight_ in the solar system.6. Whe n I en tered the meeti ng room I sen sed the_was unu sual andevery one kept sile nt.7. Do you know about Newt on s law of_?8. Drinking alcohol is_to people s

57、 health.9. I n the Chin ese educati on_ exams are laid in the most importa nt place.10. Never_ anyone to do anything he doesn t want to.第四组:telescope, development, oxygen, violent, presenee, gradually, mass, spread,explode, solid, exist, float1. With the_ of scie nee and tech no logy people can enjo

58、y the moder ncivilization fully.2. Childre n should not be allowed to watch any_ movie.3. _ , he bega n to un dersta nd how silly he was to have done such a thing.4. With the Internet n ews from every part of the world_ rapidly.5. Ma ny of the stude nts thi nk that_geometry is too hard to learn.6. A

59、 plastic bag was see n_ in the water.7. The scie ntists say that dino saurs_millio ns of years ago but the n diedout sudde nly.8. A bomb_n ear the doorway of the restaura nt from across the street.9. Whe n you are on the moon your_ will be less tha n on the earth.10. He sat in the front row and hard

60、ly no ticed my_ .11. Man canno t live without_ .12. With the help of a_you can observe lots of stars in the sky.四、翻译1. 长时间坐在电脑前对你的眼睛有害处。你应该每两个小时休息一会儿。Sitti ng before a computer for a long time_ your eyes.Youshould rest a while every two hours.2. 每个人都说出了自己的梦想。轮到他了，他沉默了一会儿说 我要当一名老师” Every one spoke ou