英语六级翻译

1、叮叮小文库新题型六级翻译练习( 1)四合院 ( Siheyuan )是中国传统民居中最重要的形式。它数量多、分布广，并且在汉族、满族、白族以及其他少数民族中十分流行。大多数房屋采用木质框架。主屋建在南北走向的轴线上，两个厢房则位于四合院的两侧。家庭中的长者住在主屋里，而两翼则是年轻一代的卧室。妇女住在内院。客人和男仆住在外院。这种分不符合封建礼制( feudal regulations )。四合院遍布全国的城乡，但由于各地自然条件和生活方式各有不同，因此发展出各自的特征。北京的四合院式最具代表性的。Siheyua n is the most importa nt form of Chin es

2、e traditi onal reside ntial house. It is great in nu mber and wide in distri buti on, popular among the Han, Man chu, Bai, and some of other min ority groups. Most of the houses are of wood f ramework. The prin cipal room is built on the south-north axis, and two wing rooms are located on both sides

3、 of it. The family elders live in the prin cipal room and wings are the bedrooms for the youn ger gen erati ons. Wome n live i n the inner yard. Guests and male serva nts live in the outer yard. This distributi on is in accorda nee with the feudal r egulati ons. Siheyua n spreads over tow ns and vil

4、lages throughout China, but each developed its own characteristics as a result of respective n atural con diti ons and differe nt way of life. Siheyua n in Beiji ng is the most represe ntative.风水 ( Feng shui ) 是中国建筑中的一个特殊传统，是古人对空间的布置与安排方法，其目的是为了实现建筑与环境的和谐共存。风水的字面意思就是“风和水”。在古代，风水通常将从选址、设计、建筑直到内部和外部装修

5、的整个过程联系在一起。它将天、地、人三者融为一体，并且在所选的地址、方位、自然法则以及人类命运之间寻求和谐。它反对人对自然的破坏，而是强调人与环境的共处，这种状态被认为是完美的、神秘的。Feng shui, a special Chin ese traditi on in architecture, is the an cie nt Chin ese practice of placeme nt and arran gement of space to achieve coexistenee in harmony with the environment. Feng shui literall

6、y translates as“ win-water "Feng shui usually links the whole process from site select ion, desig ning, con struct ion and in terior and exterior decorat ion in ancient times. It comb ines the trinity of the Heave n, the Earth and huma ns, and seeks harm ony betwee n selec ted site, orie ntati

7、on, n atural doctri ne and huma n fate. It repulses huma n destruct ion of n ature and stresses cohabitati on with the en viro nment, which is regarded as perfect and occult.舞龙 ( Dragon dance )是中国文化中一种传统的舞蹈与表演形式。它起源于汉朝并且有信仰并尊敬龙的中国人所开创。人们认为舞龙一开始是农耕文化的组成部分，起初也是治病和防病的一种方法。舞龙在宋朝( Song Dyn asty )就已经成为一项流

8、行的活动。舞龙是中国文化和传统的重要组成部分，已经传遍了中国乃至全世界，而且已经成为中国体育活动中的一种特殊的艺术表演。它象征着在来年为世界上所有人带来好运和兴旺。Drago n dance is a form of traditi onal dance and performa nee in Chin ese culture. It origi nated duri ng the Han Dynas ty and was started by the Chin ese who had show n great belief and respect towards the drago n. I

9、t is believed to havebegu n as part of the farming and harvest culture, also with origi ns as a method of heali ng and preve nti ng sick ness. The drag on dance was already a popular eve nt duri ng the Song Dyn asty. Drago n dance is an importa nt part of theC hin ese culture and traditi on .It has

10、spread throughout China and to the whole world and become a special performa n ce of arts in the Chin ese physical activities. It symbolizes good luck and prosperity in the year to come for all the h uma n beings for the earth.中国结 (The Chinese Knot) 是一种古老的艺术形式。人们发现，绳结可以追溯到10 万年前。中国人不仅用绳结来固定、包裹、狩猎、捕鱼

11、，还用来记录事件，而且有些绳结纯粹起装饰作用。中国结具有文化内涵( cultural connotation )。由于结在汉语中的发音与"吉”相近，吉的意思为 "福、禄、寿、喜、财、安、康”，这是中国人永恒的追求，因此有些中国结表达出人们的各种愿望。例如：新婚夫妇的房间通常用一个盘长结 ( Pan-changKnot)来装饰，象征着永恒的爱情。The Chin ese Knot is an ancient art form and the artifacts could be found as far back as 100 000 years ago. Chin ese

12、people used knots for more tha n just faste ning, wrapp ing, hun ti ng, fish ing. Knots were also used to record even ts, a nd some knots had purely orn ame ntal functions. The Chin ese Knot has cultural conno tati ons. Since knot is pronoun ced as “ jie in"Chi nese similar with that of “ Ji wh

13、ich means bless ing, good salary, Ion gevity, happ in ess, fortune, s afety and health and is the everlasting pursuit of Chinese people, some Chinese Knots express people' arious hop es.For example, the room of n ewlyweds is usually decorated with a Pan-Cha ng Knot to symbolize eter nal love.现代中

14、国人的姓名通常由姓( 家庭姓氏) 和名 ( 个人所起的名字) 组成，并且姓在前，名在后。因此，王小平被称为王先生，个人的名字为小平。大事，在中国古代，起名非常复杂。一个人通常有好几个名字，包括姓、氏、名、字，每一个都表达不同的意思。姓和氏演变为现在的姓，名和字则演变为现在的名。现在人们通常用姓氏来指一个人的姓，用名字来指一个人所起的名。对中国古代文献的研究表明， “姓”最初指不同的母系部落( matriarchal tribes ) 的名字，和人们居住地也有某些关系。研究表明， “姓”出现于母系社会时期，大约四千至五千年之前。A modern Chinese usually has a sur

15、name( “ familyame ”) r xing and a given name (“ firstame"), or ming (or mingzi), always in thar order. Thus Wang Xiaop ing is Mr. Wang with pers onal n ame Xiaop ing. In an cie nt Chi na, howe ver, naming was very complicated and one pers on usually had several n ames, and naming in volved xing

16、, shi, ming and zi. Each of these four words meant a different thing. Xing and shi together formed today ' surname, and ming a nd zi today 'given name. today, people use xingshi to refer to a person ' surname, mingzi to refer to one' given na me. studyof ancient Chin ese docume nts s

17、hows that xi ng origi nally referred to the n ames of differe nt matriarchal tri bes. It also had somethi ng to do with the place where people lived. Researches show that xing came into being duri ng the matrili neal society period, around four to five thousa nd years ago.乒乓球室意向强调耐力和反应能力( reflexes )

18、 的运动，尽管乒乓球本身比较小，运动强度不大。不论男女老少都可以同台公平竞争。由于是室内运动，所以可以常年举行比赛或进行练习。自此乒乓球运动诞生以来，它已经经历了巨大的演变。比赛规则经过了很多次的修改，并且随着技术的进步和打球方式的改变，运动器材也发生了变化。这些改良 (refin eme nt ) 只是证明了乒乓球运动已经发展为意向非常完美的运动，可以与我们所崇尚的( with revere nce ) 的任何一种经典运动相媲美。Despite its small size and moderate inten sity, pin g-p ong is a sport that emphas

19、izes en dura nce and reflexes. People o f all ages and gen ders can play it on an equal ground. The sport is played in doors, so year-ro und competiti on and pr actice are possible. Pin g-p ong has un derg one eno rmous evoluti on since it came into being, which has experie need many revisi ons of r

20、ules and see n an improveme nt of equipme nt as tech no logy and play ing styles cha nged. Such refi n eme nt only serves as evide nce that pin g-p ong is in deed a full-fledged sport, comparable to any of the other classic s we behold with revere nce.儒家思想是中国传统文化的基石。它出现在大约2500 年前的春秋时期(the Spring and

21、 Autumn Period ) ， 是建立在夏、商、周的传统文化之上，并由孔子创立的完整观念体系(ideological system ) 。儒家思想博大精深，涵盖了人性、政治、法律、教育、哲学、道德各个领域。如家文化以人本哲学(humanistic philosophy )为依托，这表现在它对人类个体的尊敬、关注和热爱。总而言之，儒家文化是世界文化遗产的重要组成部分，是东方文化的代表，恶意是中国文化传统的中流砥柱。Con fucia nism is the corn erst one of traditi onal Chin ese culture. Foun ded about 2 50

22、0 years ago in the Spring andAu tumn Period, Con fucia nism is a complete ideological system created by Con fucius, based on the traditi onal culture of the Xia, Shang and Zhou Dyn asty. It is exte nsive and profo und, coveri ng the fields of huma ni ty, politics, law, ed ucati on, philosophy and et

23、hics. Con fucia n culture rests on huma ni stic philosophy, which is show n in its respect, att en ti on to and love of huma n in dividuals. In belief, Con fucia n culture is an importa nt comp onent of world cultural h eritage, a major represe ntative of orie ntal culture, and the dominant facet of

24、 Chin ese cultural traditi on.京剧被称为中国的国粹( national opera )，起源于18 世纪晚期，是将音乐、舞蹈、艺术和杂技( acrobatics ) 综合于一体的戏曲。在中国，京剧是所以戏曲中最有影响力和代表性的戏曲。中国的京剧有着200 多年的历史，是中国的民族瑰宝。京剧有着丰富的剧目( repertoire ) 、众多的表演艺术家和大批的观众，在中国有着其他戏曲无法匹及的深远影响。京剧剧目主要讲述前朝传说故事，其中包括古代重要的历史事件以及王侯将相、才子佳人的故事，讲述从尧、舜、禹，春秋战国群雄并起的历史时期到秦、汉、隋、唐、宋、元、明、清等多

25、朝代的故事。Known as China ' national opera, Beijing Opera, which originated in the late 18th century, is a synthesis of music, dance, art and acrobatics. It is the most in flue ntial and represe ntative of all operas in China. Beiji ng Opera is a n atio nal treasure with a history of more tha n 200 y

26、ears. Owi ng to its rich ness of repertoire, great nu mber of artists of per forma nee and of audie nces, Beiji ng Opera has profo und in flue nee, which no other opera in China can rival. The rep ertoire of Beiji ng Opera is mai nly en gaged in fairy tales of precedi ng dyn asties, importa nt histo

27、rical even ts, empero rs, mini sters and gen erals, geni uses and great beauties, from Yao, Shun, Yu, the Spring and Autu mn Period, the War ring States Period to the dyn asties of Qin, Han, Sui, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming, Qing.不可否认，几乎没有哪项科技发明对我们的生活产生的影响比得上电视机的发明和改进给我们带来的好处。它是一种电子视听( audiovisual )媒体，是大

28、量信息的重要来源，让我们不出家门就可以看到各种各样关于比赛、音乐会以及发生在世界各地的时间的现场报道；人们还可以看到大量花样百出的特别节目。例如：世界风景、风俗和文化、神奇海底( seafloor ) 和庞大的宇宙的壮观景象等。所有的这一切都在最大程度上丰富了我们生活和知识。Admittedly, there is rarely any other tech no logical inven ti on havi ng such a great impact on our life as the inven tio nand revoluti on of televisi on .It is

29、a kind of electric audiovisual media and a source of abundant in formati on, whichgives people easy access to various live reports about games, con certs, and affairs occurri ng all over the world, as wellas a vast variety of special programs, such as programs about worldwide seen ery, custom and cu

30、lture, the spect acularsight i n mysterious seafloor and colossal cosmos, etc. All of them en rich our life and broade n our kno wledge to sig nifica nt degree.清华大学被视为中国最著名和选拔人才最严格的大学之一。清华大学的校园位于北京西北部的海淀区，这是专为大学指定的区域。它坐落在清代皇家花园的旧址上，保留了一些中式的园林风格以及一些传统的建筑物，但它的许多建筑物都是西式风格的，反映了美国对它的影响。它拥有中国最美丽校园之一，拥有中国最

31、好的工程和应用科学(applied scienee)课程，吸引了全国最有才华的学生，其地位和美国伯克利大学( Berkeley )、麻省理工学院以及斯坦福大学相当。Tsin ghua Uni versity is regarded as one of the most renowned and most selective uni versities in China, the campus ofTsin ghua Uni versity is situated in no rthwest Beijing, in Haidia n District which is desig nated f

32、or uni versities. It islocated on the former site of Qing Dyn asty royal garde ns and reta ins some Chi nese-style Ian dscapes as well as some traditi onal buildi ngs, but many of its buildi ngs are Wester n-style reflect ing the America n in flue nee on its history.With one of the most beautiful ca

33、mpuses and the best engin eeri ng and applied scie nee programs in Chin a, it attractsthe most tale nted stude nts of the n atio n and occupies a positi on similar to Berkeley, MIT, and Sta nford Uni versity i nthe US.中国是世界上最大的发展中国家，人口约占世界总人口的22% 。在过去相当长的时期里，由于诸多原因，贫困一直困扰着中国。20 世纪 80 年代中期，中国农村绝大多数地区

34、凭借自身的发展优势，经济得到快速增长，但少数地区由于经济、社会、历史、自然等方面的制约，发展相对滞后。中国政府在致力于经济和社会全面发展的进程中，在全国范围内实施了以解决贫困人口温饱问题为主要目标的有计划、有组织的大规模扶贫开发，极大地缓解了贫困现象。China is the largest developing country in the world and its population accounts for about 22 percent of the world' s total.For a long period of its history, China has be

35、e n plagued by poverty for various reas ons. In the mid-1980s, the economy of an overwhel ming majority of the rural areas in China grew dramatically by virtue of their own adva nta ges, but a small nu mber of areas still lagged beh ind because of the con stra ints of their econo mic, social, histor

36、ical, a nd n atural con diti ons. The Chin ese gover nment, while work ing on all-r ound econo mic and social developme nt, has n ati on wide impleme nted a large-scale program for developme nt-orie nted poverty relief in a pla nned and orga ni zed way.With the main objective of helpi ng poverty-str

37、icke n people solve the food and clothi ng problems, this progra m has gone a long way toward alleviati ng poverty.北京有无数的胡同(hutong) 。平民百姓在胡同里的生活给古都北京带来了无穷的魅力。北京的胡同不仅仅是平民百姓的生活环境，而且还是一门建筑艺术。通常，胡同内有一个大杂院，房间够4 到 10 个家庭的差不多 20 口人住。所以，胡同里的生活充满了友善和人情味。如今，随着社会和经济的飞速发展，很多胡同被新的高楼大厦所取代。但愿胡同可以保留下来。In Beijing, t

38、here are nu merous hut on gs. The life of com mon people in hut ongs brings en dless charm to the ancient capital, Beiji ng. The hut ong in Beiji ng is not only the liv ing environment of com mon people but also a kind of arch itecture. Usually, there is a courtyard complex in side hut ong, with roo

39、ms shared by 4 to 10 families of about 20 peo ple. Therefore, life in hut ongs is full of frien dli ness and genuine huma nity. Nowadays, with rapid social and econo mic developme nt, many hut ongs are replaced by new tall buildi ngs. I hope hut ongs can be preserved.2012 年 6 月孙子兵法(The Art of War )是

40、中国古代最重要的一部军事著作之一，是我国优秀传统文化的重要组成部分。孙子 ( Sun Tzu )，即该书的作者，在书中揭示的一系列具有普遍意义的军事规律，不仅受到军事家门的推崇，还在经济领域、领导艺术、人生追求甚至家庭关系等诸多方面，具有广泛的指导作用。孙子兵法中的许多名言警句( epigram ) ，富有哲理，意义深远，在国内外广为流传。如今，孙子兵法已被翻译成多种语言，在世界军事史上也具有重要的地位。The Art of War is one of the most important ancient Chinese military literary works, and serves

41、as an important part of outstanding traditional culture in China. Sun Tzu, the author of the book, revealed a series of universal military laws which are not only valued by militarists but also play an exte nsive guidi ng role in several fields suchas economy, art of leadership, the pursuit of life

42、and even family relati on ship. There are a lot of famous say ing andepigrams in The Art of War that are rich in wisdom and have profound meanings and are thus widely circulated both at home and abroad. Nowadays The Art of War has been translated into many Ianguages and it also plays an importa nt r

43、ole in the military history of the world.2012 年 12 月京剧京剧 ( Peking Opera ) 已有 200 多年的历史，是中国的国剧。与其他地方戏相比，京剧享有更高的荣誉，但其实京剧融合了多种地方戏的元素。京剧演员的脸谱( facial make-up )和戏服都很精美，相比之下舞台布景则十分简单。表演者主要应用四种技能：唱、念、做、打。京剧较擅长于表现历史题材的政治、军事斗争，故事大多取自于历史演义和小说话本( historic and fictional stories )。在古代，京剧大多是在户外演出的，因此演员们形成了一种有穿透力的

44、唱腔，以便每个人都能听到。Peking Opera, as the national opera of China, has a history of more than 200 years. Compared with other Chin ese local operas,Pek ing Opera enjoys a higher reputati on; but actually it absorbed many eleme nts of other local operas. The facial make-up and costumers of the performs are ve

45、ry delicate; by con trast, the backdrops are quiet plain. During performanee, the performers mainly utilize four skills: song, speech, dance, and combat. Peking Opera is better at perform ing political and military struggle with historic and the performed stories are mai nly from historic and fictio

46、nal stories. In ancient times, Peking Opera, was mostly performed in the open air, so the performers developed a pierci ng style of song that could be heard by every one.2013 年 6 月中国卫生监督部门决定在未来三到五年之内建立一个全国性的网络，用以监测空气污染对人类健康的影响。这一目标于国家卫生和计划生育委员会(Natio nal Health and Family Pla nning Commissi on ) 针对空

47、气污染的一份工作文件中披露，根据这份文件，该网络将搜集不同地区空气中的PM2.5 数据和主要空气污染物浓度变化的数据。这将为分析和评估空气污染对健康的影响提供数据支持。这一文件提到，缺乏长期而系统的监测使国家无法揭示空气污染和人类健康之间的联系。China ' health watchdog has decided to set up a national network to monitor the impact air pollution on huma n's health within the coming three to five years. The goal w

48、as revealed in a work docume nt on air polluti on released by Nati onal Health and Family Pla nning Commissio n. Accord ing to the docume nt, the n etwork will gather data on PM2.5 in the air in differe nt regi ons and the den sity cha nges of main air polluta nts. That will provide data support for

49、the an alysis and evaluati on of the impact of air polluti on on health. The docume nt no ted that lack of Iong-term and systematic monitoring prevented the country from uncovering the link between air pollution and huma n' health.2013 年 12 月第一套中国人自古以来就在中秋时节庆祝丰收。这与北美地区庆祝感恩节的习俗十分相似。过中秋节的习俗于唐代早期在中

50、国各地开始流行。中秋节在农历八月十五，是人门拜月的节日。这天夜晚皓月当空，人们合家团聚，共赏明月。2006年，中秋节贝类为中国文化遗产，2008 年又被定位公共假日。月饼被视为中秋节不可或缺的美食。人们将月饼作为礼物馈赠亲友或在家庭聚会上享用。传统的月饼上带有“寿 ( Ion gevity )”、“福”或“和”等字样。Si nee ancient times, Chin ese people have celebrated their harvest duri ng mid-autu mn, which is quite similar to the custom of celebrati n

51、g Than ksgivi ng Day in North America. The custom of celebrati ng Mid-Autu mn Festival started gai ning its popularity in the early Tang Dyn asty around Chi na. The Mid-Autu mn Festival ,celebrated on the 15th day of the eighth lunar mon th, is a festival for Chin ese people to worship the moon. Dur

52、ing the ni ght of the day whe n the bright moon is shining in the sky, there will be family reunions and family members will enjoy the bight moon together. In 2006, the Mid-Autumn Festival was listed as a Chinese cultural heritage, and in 2008, it was desig nated as a public holiday. The moon cake i

53、s see n as the in dispe nsable fine food for the Mid-Autu mn Festival. People send moon cakes as gifts to their relatives and friends or they eat moon cakes at family gatherings. Traditional moon cakes are imprinted with Chinese characters conveying such meanings as lbngevity ” , blessing or harmony

54、 .2013 年 12 月第三套闻名于世界的丝绸之路是一系列连接东西方的路线。丝绸之路延伸6000 多公里，得名于中国古代的丝绸贸易。丝绸之路上的贸易在中国、南亚、欧洲和中东文明发展中发挥了重要的作用。正式通过丝绸之路，中国的造纸、火药、指南针、印刷术这四大发明才被引介到世界各地。同样，中国的丝绸、茶叶和瓷器(porcelain)也传遍全球。物质文化的交流是双向的，欧洲也通过丝绸之路出口各种商品和植物，满足中国市场的需求。The word-famous Silk Road refers to a series of routes that connect the East and the We

55、st. The Silk Road extends for over 6,000 kilometers and derived its n ame from ancient China ' silk trade. The trades that occurred on the Silk Road played an importa nt role in the developme nt process of the civilizati on of Chi na, South Asia, Europe and the Middle East. It is by way of the S

56、ilk Road that China ' four great i nven ti ons, n amely paper-mak ing, powder, compass and prin ti ng tech no logy, were in troduced to all over the word. Similarly, Chin ese silk, tea and porcelain also spread to the whole word. Material and cultural excha nges are two-ways, for Europe also sat

57、isfied the dema nds of Chin ese market by export ing various commodities and pla nts to China through the Silk Road.2013 年 12 月第二套中国园林(the Chinese garden )是经过三千多年演变而成的独具一格的园林景观(landscape) 。它既包括为皇室成员享乐而建造的大型花园，也包括学者、商人和卸任的政府官员为摆脱嘈杂的外部世界而建造的私家花园。这些花园构成了一种意在表达人与自然之间应有的和谐关系的微缩景观。典型的中国园林四周有围墙，园内有池塘、假山 (

58、rock-work ) 、树木、花草以及各种各样由蜿蜒的小路和走廊连接的建筑。漫步在花园中，人们可以看到一系列精心设计的景观犹如山水画卷(scroll ) 一般展现在面前。The Chin ese garde n is a unique Ian dscape in virtue of evoluti on of more tha n three thousa nd years. It in cludes not only the large garde ns built by the royal family for enjoyme nt, but also the private ones built by scholars, bus in essme n and former gover nment officials for getti ng rid of the hustle and bustle of the outside world. These garde ns con stitute a kind of min iaturized Ian dscape which aims at display ing the due harm onious relati on ship betwee n huma n and