考研英语阅读资料-进行有关的判断、推理和引申

1、 点这里，看更多英语资料 考研英语怎么复习？在考研复习中，复习资料的选择至关重要。中公考研辅导老师为考生整理了【考研英语-阅读理解知识点讲解和习题】，同时可以为大家提供名师考研英语视频、考研英语复习资料、考研英语真题和考研英语辅导等，助您冲击名校！模块二 进行有关的判断、推理和引申 教学规划【教学目标】1 能够准确判断段落论点；2 能够识别推理引申题；3 掌握推理引申题的解题方法；【主要内容】1段落论点的基本位置；2 两类推断题的判断方式；3段落推断题答案特点以及干扰手段；【重难点】1位置不明确的段落论点的提炼； 真题精讲1 段落论点的判断1) 情况一30 It is also less th

2、an most forecasters had predicated. In late 1994 the panel of economists which The Economist polls each month said that Americas inflation rate would average 3.5% in 1995. In fact, it fell to 2.6% in August, and expected to average only about 3% for the year as a whole. In Britain and Japan inflatio

3、n is running half a percentage point below the rate predicted at the end of last year. This is no flash in the pan; over the past couple of years, inflation has been consistently lower than expected in Britain and America. （1997年 text 5）31And yet, the myth of controlling the waters persists. This we

4、ek, in the heart of civilized Europe, Slovaks and Hungarians stopped just short of sending in the troops in their contention over a dam on the Danube. The huge complex will probably have all the usual problems of big dams. But Slovakia is bidding for independence from the Czechs, and now needs a dam

5、 to prove itself.（1998年 text1）32Some of this can be easily explained. New ways of organizing the workplace - all that re-engineering and downsizing - are only one contribution to the overall productivity of an economy, which is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in equipment and m

6、achinery, new technology, and investment in education and training. Moreover, most of the changes that companies make are intended to keep them profitable, and this need not always mean increasing productivity: switching to new markets or improving quality can matter just as much.（1998年text2）33Two o

7、ther explanations are more speculative. First, some of the business restructuring of recent years may have been ineptly done. Second, even if it was well done, it may have spread much less widely than people suppose. (1998 年 text2 )34And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright b

8、elieves one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams. As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualize how you would like it to end instead; the next time it occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With much practice people can learn to,

9、literally, do it in their sleep. (2005年 text 3)2）情况二35Now the tide appears to be turning. As personal injury claims continue as before, some courts are beginning to side with defendants, especially in cases where a warning label probably wouldnt have changed anything. In May, Julie Nimmons, presiden

10、t of Schutt Sports in Illinois, successfully fought a lawsuit involving a football player who was paralyzed in a game while wearing a Schutt helmet. “Were really sorry he has become paralyzed, but helmets arent designed to prevent those kinds of injuries,” says Nimmons. The jury agreed that the natu

11、re of the game, not the helmet, was the reason for the athletes injury. At the same time, the American Law Institute - a group of judges, lawyers, and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight - issued new guidelines for tort law stating that companies need not warn customers of obvio

12、us dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones. “Important information can get buried in a sea of trivialities,” says a law professor at Cornell law School who helped draft the new guidelines. If the moderate end of the legal community has its way, the information on products might

13、actually be provided for the benefit of customers and not as protection against legal liability.(1999年 text 1 )36How things have changed! In 1995 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling. Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes

14、as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle. Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride. “American industry has changed its structure, has gone on a diet, has learnt to be more quick-witted,” according to Richard Cavanagh, executive dean of Harvards Kennedy School of Government. “It makes m

15、e proud to be an American just to see how our businesses are improving their productivity,” says Stephen Moore of the Cato Institute, a think-tank in Washington, DC. And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believes that people will look back on this period as “a golden age of business man

16、agement in the United States.”（2000年 text 1）2 推理引申题1）推理引申题的识别2）推理引申题的分类37Genetic maximums can change, but don't expect this to happen soon. Claire C. Gordon, senior anthropologist at the Army Research Center in Natick, Mass., ensures that 90 percent of the uniforms and workstations fit recruits

17、without alteration. She says that, unlike those for basketball, the length of military uniforms has not changed for some time. And if you need to predict human height in the near future to design a piece of equipment, Gordon says that by and large, "you could use today's data and feel fairl

18、y confident." (2008年 text 3)34. We learn from the last paragraph that in the near future_.A the garment industry will reconsider the uniform sizeB the design of military uniforms will remain unchangedC genetic testing will be employed in selecting sportsmenD the existing data of human height wi

19、ll still be applicable38The researches suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions. In the wild, they are a cooperative, group living species. Such cooperation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation,

20、 it seems, are not the preserve of people alone. Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the spe

21、cies had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question. (2005年 text1 )25.What can we infer from the last paragraph?A Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions.B Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.C Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do.（B）D Cooper

22、ation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild.39 Illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both high and low culture, the trend that Mr. McWhorter documents is unmistakable. But it is less clear, to take the question of his subtitle, why we should, like, care. As a linguist, he a

23、cknowledges that all varieties of human language, including non-standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive - there exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas. He is not arguing, as many do, that we can no longer think straight because we do not ta

24、lk proper. (2005年 text4)38.To which of the following statements would McWhorter most likely agree?A Logical thinking is not necessarily related to the way we talk.B Black English can be more expressive than standard English.C Non-standard varieties of human language are just as entertaining.（A）D Of

25、all the varieties, standard English can best convey complex ideas.III经典习题40 But what we forget - what our economy depends on us forgetting - is that happiness is more than pleasure without pain. The things that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment. Today, s

26、urrounded by promises of easy happiness, we need someone to tell us as religion once did, Memento mori: remember that you will die, that everything ends, and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it. Its a message even more bitter than a clove cigarette, yet, somehow, a breath

27、of fresh air. ( 2006年text 4)39.We can learn from the last paragraph that the author believes _.A happiness more often than not ends in sadnessB the anti-happy art is distasteful but refreshingC misery should be enjoyed rather than denied（B）D the anti-happy art flourishes when economy booms41 Stratfo

28、rd-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry - William Shakespeare - but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches. There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC), which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon. And there a

29、re the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look at Anne Hathaways Cottage, Shakespeares birthplace and the other sights.The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue. They frankly dislike the RSCs actors, them wi

30、th their long hair and beards and sandals and noisiness. Its all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise-making.The tourist streams are not entirely separate. The sightseers who come by bus - and of

31、ten take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side - dont usually see the plays, and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford. However, the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their playgoing. It is the playgoers, the ESC contends, who bring in much of

32、the towns revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants. The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall. (2006年 text2)26.From the first two Paragraphs, we learn that _.A the townsfolk deny the RSCs contrib

33、ution to the towns revenueB the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off stageC the two branches of the RSC are not on good terms（A）D the townsfolk earn little from tourism27.It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that _.A the sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palace separatelyB the pl

34、aygoers spend more money than the sightseersC the sightseers do more shopping than the playgoers（B）D the playgoers go to no other places in town than the theater42The current state of affairs may have been encouragedthough not justifiedby the lack of legal penalty (in America, but not Europe) for da

35、ta leakage. Until California recently passed a law, American firms did not have to tell anyone, even the victim, when data went astray. That may change fast: lots of proposed data-security legislation is now doing the rounds in Washington, D.C. Meanwhile, the theft of information about some 40 milli

36、on credit-card accounts in America, disclosed on June 17th, overshadowed a hugely important decision a day earlier by Americas Federal Trade Commission (FTC) that puts corporate America on notice that regulators will act if firms fail to provide adequate data security. (2007年text 4)40. It can be inf

37、erred from Paragraph 5 that .A data leakage is more severe in EuropeB FTCs decision is essential to data securityC California takes the lead in security legislationD legal penalty is a major solution to data leakage43From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far l

38、ess like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders. The financial fallout has begun, and the political fallout may not be far behind. (2007年text 3)3

39、4. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that .A financial risks tend to outweigh political risksB the middle class may face greater political challengesC financial problems may bring about political problemsD financial responsibility is an indicator of political status44Such standardized tests

40、 may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed in school and in life, argues Robert J. Sternberg. In his article “How Intelligent Is Intelligence Testing?”, Sternberg notes that traditional tests best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical k

41、nowledge, components also critical to problem solving and life success. Moreover IQ tests do not necessarily predict so well once populations or situations change. Research has found that IQ predicted leadership skills when the tests were given under low-stress conditions, but under high-stress cond

42、itions, IQ was negatively correlated with leadershipthat is, it predicted the opposite. Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters, whether its knowing when to guess or what questions to skip. (2007年 text 2)29. We can conclude from the last paragraph that .A t

43、est scores may not be reliable indicators of ones abilityB IQ scores and SAT results are highly correlatedC testing involves a lot of guessworkD traditional tests are out of date45It used to be so straightforward. A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of t

44、heir research to a journal. A journal editor would then remove the authors names and affiliations from the paper and send it to their peers for review, depending on the comments received, the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline it. Copyright rested with the journal publishers, a

45、nd researchers seeking knowledge of the results would have to subscribe to the journal. (2008 年text 1)26. In the first paragraph, the author discusses_.A the background information of journal editingB the publication routine of laboratory reportsC the relations of authors with journal publishersD th

46、e traditional process of journal publication46 Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage. It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. Yet a con