英语初高衔接课---翻译---精讲(教师版)

1、英语初高衔接课翻译-句法翻译策略（教师版）教学目标：考试中涉及的句法及翻译策略授课重点： 句子分析及翻译技巧【知识精要】翻译中的技巧与策略对于高中中学生来说，翻译是一种新题型，是对于英语学习更高要求的一种体现。翻译是两种 语言之间的转换，但并不是简单的字面对应，而是两种语言之间的交流与碰撞。做到标准翻译原则： 信、达、雅对于中学生来说难度太大，因此做到译文意思完整，语句通顺流畅即可，然而这对于高 中生并非易事，要做到这些，必须掌握相应的翻译技巧与策略。下面是对本讲各个部分所作的一个 概括：第一节：句子主干分析。在英语中，句子主干相当于骨骼，无骨骼不成血肉，因此弄清句子主 干是翻译的重中之重。这

2、一部分通过对近五年高考原题的分析讲解，让学生学会分析句子，理清句 子结构，形成良好的思维习惯。该部分选题包括简单句翻译及长难句翻译，并遵循由简单句逐渐过 渡到长难句翻译这一循序渐进的过程，照顾到学生多层次的需求。第二节：时态语态。时态高中生最容易犯错地方，虽然初中就已经基本掌握了十六种时态，但 是真正能把它灵活运用到翻译中的学生还是少之又少。因此，语态也是不容合适的考点。第三节：四字词翻译。四字词翻译是高考翻译中的重点和难点，有很多同学对此很畏惧，其实 四字词并不可怕，对于英汉能够对应起来的固定短语，我们要翻译得精准无误，对于不对应的四字 词，只需将其翻译成一个简单的单词或一句话即可。第四节：

3、固定用法及活用。第一节 句子主干分析真题解析】 2009 年：1. 网球运动在上海越来越流行了。 （ popular ） 主干：网球运动 流行结构：主 +系 +表 =Tennis+ is+ popular 练习：上海博物馆位于市中心。 (locate) 主干：博物馆 位于 市中心 结构：主 +谓 +宾 =museum + is located at + the centre of the city (黄浦一模) 答案 Shanghai Museum is located at the centre of the city.2. 只喝一杯咖啡就会使我整晚睡不着。 （ keep） 主干：喝咖啡 使

4、我 睡不着 结构：主 +系 +表Drinking tea +keep+me +awake 练习：这首乐曲我非常熟悉。 （ familiar ） 主干：我 熟悉 乐曲 结构：主 +系 +表I am familiar with music.2010 年：3. 这本杂志花了我 20 元。（ cost）主干：杂志 花了 20 元 结构：主 +谓 +宾Magazine cost me 20 yuan.练习：哪怕一个细微的错误也会造成巨大的损失。(lead)主干：错误 造成 损失结构：主 +谓 +宾Mistake lead to loss.(黄浦一模)4. 雨天我总是比平时起床晚。 （ than）主干：我

5、 起床 晚结构：主 +谓+ 宾I get up late.练习： 1.警方劝告开车的人暂时不要使用这条公路。(urge)主干：警方 劝告 开车的人结构：主 +谓 +宾The police warned drivers2011 年5. 自从出国留学后，她就不再和我们保持联系了(No longer)主干：从句 她 出国 ；主句 她 联系 我们结构：主谓 ； 主谓宾She went abroad;she keep in touch with us练习：父母不经允许就看孩子的信件是不对的，因为他们应当尊重别人的隐私。 (wrong) 主干：主句 父母 是 不对的 ; 从句 他们 尊重 隐私 结构：主句

6、 主+系+表 ； 从句 主+谓+宾It s wrong of parentsthey show respect for privacy (杨浦一模)第二节 时态语态分析【真题解析】2010年：1. 我们一致同意一旦得出调查结论，就尽早让公众知晓。( once)填空： We all (agree) that once the conclusion of the investigation is drawn, it (will ) (be made) known to the public as soon as possible.2012年：2. 她 5年前开始拉小提琴。 (play) 填空： S

7、he (began) to play violin five years ago.3. 由于天气恶劣，航班延误了好几个小时。填空： Owing to bad wether, the flight ( was delayed) for a couple of hours.4. 她一看完那个关于灭绝物种的电视节目，就立志加入野生动物保护组织。( No sooner)填空： No sooner (had she) watched the TV programme on the extinct species than she (made up) her mind to join the wildli

8、fe protection organization.2013年：5. 经过多年的建设，这个小镇现在和地震前一样充满了活力。( as. as )填空： After years of construction, little town ( is ) now as lively as it ( was ) before the earthquake.第三节 四字词翻译【真题解析】2009年：1. 尽管山高林密，医护人员还是迅速地赶到出事地点，实施救援。（ despite）Despite the high mountains and thick forests, the doctors and nu

9、rses rushed to the scene of the accident for the rescue.练习 :教授昨天推荐的那篇文章值得一看。 (recommend)The article recommended by the professor yesterday is worth reading.2010年：2. 我们一致同意一旦得出结论，就尽早让公众知晓。( once)We all agree that once the conclusion of the investigation is drawn, it will be made known to the public a

10、s soon as possible.练习：这次旅行持续了两个多星期，这让我们感到疲惫不堪。 (which)This trip lasted for over two weeks, which made all of us exhausted.2012年：3. 在展览会上，公司销售经理展示了孩子们翘首以盼的新型电子玩具。 (demonstrate)At the exhibition, the company s sales manager demonstrated the new type of electronic toys that childrenwere looking forward

11、 to.练习：毋庸置疑，近年来，由心理压力引起的问题已经影响到了越来越多的中学生。 (affect)There is no doubt that problems caused by/ resulted from psychological pressures have affected more and more middle school students in recent years.2013年：4. 演出以一段五十多岁的人耳熟能祥的经典音乐开始。( familiar )The performance began with a piece of classic music which

12、was familiar to people in their fifties.练习：虽然交通被认为是这个地区最严重的问题之一， 但是当地政府所采取的行动还远不尽如人意。 ( it is accepted , far from)Although it s accepted that traffic is one of the most serious problems in this area, the action (that) the local government is taking is far from (being) satisfactory.浦东一模5. 经理把职员要做的事都列

13、出来，以便他们能各司其职。 (list)The manager made a list of everything/ all the things/all that /what the clerks should do/ are to do so that each of them could perform his (own) duty/ could do his own work/ perform their duty.练习：无论遇到多大困难，我们都会同舟共济，共同面对斗争，迎接挑战。 (Whatever)Whatever great difficulties we meet, we wi

14、ll help each other through the struggles and challenges.第四节 固定搭配及活用【真题解析】2009年：1. 为了纪念那些勇敢的消防战士，一部电影即将开拍。(memory )A film will be made in memory of those brave fire fighters.练习：我真的很钦佩这位母亲独立培养儿子的方式。( admire)I really admire the way the mother brings up her son on her own.2010年：2. 乍一看，这块手表没有什么特别之处，但实际上它

15、是一部手机。At first sight, there is nothing special about the watch, but in fact it is a mobile phone.练习： 许多时候，赞扬比批评更有效。 (effective)In most cases/situations, praise is more effective than blame/criticism/reproach.2011年：3. 我常把王海误认为他的双胞胎弟弟，因为他们长得太像了。I often mistake Wang Hai for his twin brother because the

16、y look so similar.练习：无论情况会是怎样，现代生活都会使你们中的每个人有必要知道如何利用科学的方法去发现真理。 (it 作形式 宾语)Whatever/However things/that may be, modern life makes it necessary for each of you to know how to use scientific methods to find the truth.4. 对父母而言，没有什么能与孩子的身心健康相比。As for parents, nothing can be prepared with their children

17、 s physicmael anntadl health.练习：中国已采取措施应对环境问题。 (deal with )China has taken measures to deal with the environmental problems.2013年：5. 今年元旦我们玩得很开心。We really enjoy ourselves on New Year s Day this year.练习： 大量关于甲型 H1N1病毒预防和治疗的书籍已出版了。 (be said to )A large number of books on the prevention and treatment o

18、f the H1N1 virus are said to have been published.【课后练习】、分析句子主干1. 他写那篇文章花了三个星期。 ( take)主干：结构：It took him 3 weeks to write this/the article. Writing the /this article took him 3 weeks.2. 同学们用卖废纸挣来的钱装饰教室。 (with ) 主干： 结构：The students decorated their classroom with the money they earned/got/made by selli

19、ng waste paper.3. 不管碰到什么样的困难，我们都不要放弃自己的梦想。(Whatever )主干： 结构：Whatever difficulty we (may) encounter/ meet with, we should not/never give up our dreams.4. 与会代表各抒己见，就环保问题展开了热烈的讨论。( express)主干：结构：The delegates (present) at the conference (all) expressed their opinions (freely) and had a heated discussio

20、n on environmental protection.5. 如果上海继续以目前这样快的速度发展下去，很难想像再过十年她将是什么模样。 (If)主干：结构：If Shanghai keeps developing/continues to develop at her present fast pace, it is hard to imagine what she will be/look like ten years from now/ in ten years.二 用适当的时态语态填空 。1. 大雪把很多人困在室内。 (keep)The heavy snow kept many pe

21、ople indoors.2. 地铁 11号线的建成给嘉定区的居民带来很大的便利。( convenience)The completion of No.11 subway line will bring/ has brought a lot of convenience to the residents in Jiading District.3. 中国已采取措施应对环境问题。 (deal with)China has taken measures to deal with the environmental problems.4. 随着世博会的临近，许多旧房屋被拆除，取而代之的是现代化的建筑

22、。( replace)With the Expo approaching, many old houses have been pulled down and replaced by/with modernbuildings.5. 成的轻轨一旦开通，将给周围的居民带来极大的方便。( convenience)Once the newly-built light rail is opened (to traffic), it will bring great convenience to the nearby residents./ The newly-built light rail, once

23、 opened, will bring great convenience to the nearby residents. 三四字词翻译练习。1. 我的建议是预订宾馆前要把地段和设施考虑在内，但他却置之不理。(consideration)My suggestion was that its location and facilities should be taken into consideration before a hotel was reserved, but he turned a deaf ear to it.2. 养成良好的习惯对一个人的健康大有裨益。(benefit)Forming/developing a good habit benefits people s health greatly/ a lot/very .m uch3. 看来他们家可能出现了一些出人意料的事。(seem)Something unexpected seemed to have happened in their family.4. 直到做了老师以后，才意识到光从书本上学习理论知识是远远不够的。( not until )Not until I become a teacher did I realize that it was far from enough to learn j