高考英语试卷阅读理解题分类汇编(附答案)100

1、高考英语试卷 阅读理解题分类汇编（附答案）100一、高中英语阅读理解1 .阅读理解It seems every major city and town around the world hosts an annual marathon, with thousands of athletes running a gruelling 42.1 kilometres. While many runners' motivation is to beat their personal best and cross the finishing line without collapsing, th

2、ey're also doing it for a good causeto generate funds for charity. But like other major events, the marathon also generates a massive carbon footprint. Thousands travel some by plane to the location, and waste from food packaging and goody bags gets left behind by spectators and runners. This is

3、 becoming a big issue for cities how to host a worthwhile event, encouraging people to exercise and help charities, while protecting the environment? Several cities have developed formal plans to reduce their environmental impact and promote sustainable (可持续的)ideas. One event inWales, for example, i

4、ntroduced recycling for old running kit.It's something that this year's London Marathon tried to tackle by reducing the number of drink stations on the running route, giving out water in paper cups and offering some drinks in eatable seaweed capsules. They also trialled new bottle belts made

5、 from recycled plastic so 700 runners could carry water bottles with them during their run. London Marathon event director Hugh Brasner told the BBC: "There are a lot of initiatives ( 倡议)we are using this year that we think will lead to some huge behavioural changes in the future."Meanwhil

6、e, some people still think running a marathon could be our best foot forward in helping the planet. Dr Andrea Collins from Cardiff University told the BBC: "Training for a marathon makes you more sustainable in day-to-day activities. I started walking or running to work every day and shunning p

7、ublic transport altogether. Being environmentally friendly while training sticks with you and becomes a way of life."(1) Why do many people enter for a marathon?A. To achieve their own ambitions.B. To generate a massive carbon footprint.C. To improve themselves both physically and mentally.D. T

8、o challenge their personal limitations and raise money for charities.(2) What did Hugh Brasner think of this year's London Marathon?A. It may bring a large profit to London.B. It saved a lot of water resources and power.C. It may improve people's behaviour in the future.D. It may make London

9、ers more friendly when running a marathon.(3) Which of the following can replace the underlined word "shunning" in the last paragraph?A. Damaging.B. Avoiding.C. Choosing.D. Changing.(4) What can we infer from the last paragraph?A.Running a marathon can make more money.B.Running a marathon

10、can do great damage to the earth.C.Running a marathon can change people's life completely.D.Running a marathon can contribute to protecting the earth.【答案】 （ 1 ） D（2） C（3） B（4） D【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，现如今，许多城市和乡镇都举办了马拉松比赛，马拉松旨在为一些公益活动募集资金，但马拉松的举办也为城市带来了环境问题。有一些城市已经采取了一些措施，来保证马拉松比赛的可持续性发展，如减少马拉松赛程中的供水站

11、，以水囊的形式代替等等。（ 1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"many runners' motivation is to beat their personal bestand cross the finishing line without collapsing, they're also doing it for a good cause to generatefunds for charity" 许多参赛的动机是打破他们的个人最好记录，同时还为了一个非常好的目的，就是为了慈善机构募款。故选 D。（ 2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的"Ther

12、e are a lot of initiatives （倡议） we are using thisyear that we think will lead to some huge behavioural changes in the future.认“ Hugh Brasner为，在这几年马拉松比赛中使用的一些环保倡议会引起将来一些行为上的巨大改变，故选C。（ 3）考查词义猜测。根据最后一段中的"Training for a marathon makes you more sustainablein day-to-day activities. I started walking

13、or running to work every day" 为马拉松做出的训练可以使人能够更加适应每天的日常活动， Dr Andrea Collins 也开始每天走路或跑步上下班，这样的通勤方式可以避免交通拥堵，因此可以用 avoid 代替shun ，故选B。（ 4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"running a marathon could be our best foot forwardin helping the planet" 跑马拉松是在用个人的力量帮助这个星球，以及"Being environmentallyfriendly while

14、training sticks with you and becomes a way of life." 这样做既能运动同时对环境也有帮助，成为新兴的生活方式，故选D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。2. (2019?全国m )阅读理解Before the 1830s, most newspapers were sold through annual subscriptions in America, usually $8 t

15、o $10 a year. Today $8 or $10 seems a small amount of money, but at that time these amounts were forbidding to most citizens. Accordingly, newspapers were read almost only by rich people in politics or the trades. In addition, most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass audience.

16、They were dull and visually forbidding. But the revolution that was taking place in the 1830s would change all that.The trend, then, was toward the "penny paper"-a term referring to papers made widely available to the public. It meant any inexpensive newspaper; perhaps more importantly it

17、meant newspapers that could be bought in single copies on the street.This development did not take place overnight. It had been possible(but not easy)to buy single copies of newspapers before 1830,but this usually meant the reader had to go down to the printer's office to purchase a copy. Street

18、 sales were almost unknown. However, within a few years, street sales of newspapers would be commonplace in eastern cities. At first the price of single copies was seldom a penny-usually two or three cents was charged-and some of the older well-known papers charged five or six cents. But the phrase

19、"penny paper" caught the public's fancy, and soon there would be papers that did indeed sell for only a penny.This new trend of newspapers for "the man on the street" did not begin well. Some of the early ventures(企业)were immediate failures. Publishers already in business, pe

20、ople who were owners of successful papers, had little desire to change the tradition. It took a few youthful and daring businessmen to get the ball rolling.(1) Which of the following best describes newspapers in America before the 1830s?A. Academic.B. Unattractive.C. Inexpensive.D. Confidential.(2)

21、What did street sales mean to newspapers?A. They would be priced higher.B. They would disappear from cities.C. They could have more readers.D. They could regain public trust.(3) Who were the newspapers of the new trend targeted at?A. Local politicians. B. Common people. C. Young publishers. D. Rich

22、businessmen. (4) What can we say about the birth of the penny paper?A. It was a difficult process.B. It was a temporary success.C. It was a robbery of the poor.D. It was a disaster for printers.【答案】(1) B(2) C(3) B(4) A【解析】【分析】本文介绍了便士报纸”的诞生历程。(1)细节理解题。将题干中的1830s定位在文章的第一段，根据 these amounts wereforbiddi

23、ng to most citizens 和 most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass audience可知，当时只有富人才能读报纸，而且大多数报纸中几乎没有能吸引大众的内容，让人感觉无聊。由此可得出那时白报纸没有什么吸引力。A . Academic学术的；B. Unattractive没有吸引力，无魅力的；C. Inexpensive廉价的，不贵的；D. Confidential机密的，保密的。故答案为Bo(2)推理判断题。根据第二段提到便士报纸”针对大众，很便宜的。更重要的是，在街上可以买至U报纸。结合第三段

24、中间的street sales of newspapers would be commonplace ineastern cities可知，报纸的街头销售随处可见。由此可推断出，街头销售意味读报纸的多 了。故答案为Co(3)细节理解题。根据第二段中的referring to papers made widely available to the public 可知，这种 便士报纸”是针对大众的，在街上可以买得到报纸。所以这种报纸针对的是普通 老百姓，故答案为B。(4)推理判断题。根据最后一段中的did not begin well immediate failures , 便士-报纸”新趋势一

25、开始并不好，一些早期的尝试立即失败了。后来一些年轻而大胆的商人才推A。动了这件事。由此可推断出便士报纸”的诞生是一个困难而曲折的过程。故答案为【点评】这是一篇科普类的说明文，阅读时把握文章的主旨，然后快速浏览文章内容。阅 读问题时，确定问题中的关键词，然后在文章中准确定位，认真分析相关的语句即可得到 答案。3 .阅读理解A study showed that the experiences children have in their first few years are important. These experiences affect the development of the b

26、rain. When children receive more attention, they often have higher IQs. Babies receive information when they see, hear and feel things, which makes connections between different parts of the brain. There are a hundred trillion(万 亿)connections in the brain of a three-year-old child.Researcher Judit G

27、ervain tested how good newborns are at distinguishing different sound patterns. Her researchers produced images of the brains of babies as they heard different sound patterns. For example, one order was mu-ba-ba. This is the pattern"A-B-B". Another order was mu-ba-ge. This is the pattern-B

28、-C” . The images showed that the part of the brain r esponsiblefor speech was more active during the" A-B-B" pattern. This shows that babies can tell the difference between different patterns. They also were sensitive to where it occurred in the order.Gervain is excited by these findings b

29、ecause the order of sounds is the building block of words and grammar." Position is key to language," she says. "If something is at the beginning or at the end, it makes a big difference: John caught the bear.' is very different from 'The bear caught John.'"Researcher

30、s led by scientist Patricia Kuhl have found that language delivered by televisions, audio books, the Internet, or smartphones no matter how educational doesn't appear to be enough for children's brain development. They carried out a study of nine-month-old American babies. They expected the

31、first group who'd watched videos in Chinese to show the same kind of learning as the second group who were brought face-to-face with the same sounds. Instead they found a huge difference. The babies in the second group were able to distinguish between similar Chinese sounds as well as native lis

32、teners. But the other babies regardless of whether they had watched the video or listened to the audio learned nothing.(1) What makes connections in a baby's brain?A. Having a higher IQ.B. Experiencing new information.C. The baby' early age.D. The connection with other babies.(2) What did Ju

33、dit Gervain and her team find in the experiment?A. Babies identify different sound patterns.B. Word order is relevant to meaning.C. Babies can well understand different words.D. A certain brain region processes language.（ 3） What does the underlined sentence mean in Paragraph 3?A. Grammar is importa

34、nt in learning languages.B. Different orders have different meanings.C. Different languages have different grammar.D. Words have different sounds.（ 4 ） What is the main conclusion from the study led by Patricia Kuhl?A. Babies shouldn't watch a lot of television.B. Listening to different language

35、s develops babies' brain.C. Foreign languages help babies' brain develop.D. Social communication improves babies' brain development.【答案】 （ 1 ） B（2） A（3） B（4） D【解析】 【分析】本文属于科普文章，介绍小孩最初几年的经历对大脑发育很重要，而媒介输入对孩子大脑发育效果不明显，最有效的是面对面语言输入。（ 1）细节理解题。根据第一段Babies receive information when they see, hea

36、r and feel things,which makes connections between different parts of the brain. 可知，婴儿接收到不同信息，可以让大脑不同部分形成连接，故选 B。（ 2）推理判断题。根据第二段The images showed that the part of the brain responsible forspeech was more active during the" A-B-B" pattern. This shows that babies can tell the difference betwe

37、en different patterns. 可知，实验表明婴儿可以区别不同的声音模式，故选 A。（ 3）句意猜测题。根据第三段"If something is at the beginning or at the end, it makes a bigdifference: 'John caught the bear.' is very different from 'The bear caught John.' 可知，有些东西放在句首和句尾，会有很大的不同，比如 John抓住了熊，和熊抓住了John,意思是不一样的，可知本句意思为位置对于语言来说很

38、重要的，顺序不同，意思不同，故选B。（ 4）推理判断题。根据最后一段Researchers led by scientist Patricia Kuhl have found thatlanguage delivered by televisions, audio books, the Internet, or smartphones no matter how educational doesn't appear to be enough for children's brain development. 可知，通过电视、网络等媒介的语言教学，对于婴儿大脑发展是不够的，并且后

39、面的实验表明，面对面的语言输入才有效，故选 D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和句意猜测三个题型的考查，是一篇说明类阅读，要求考生先从问题中抓住关键性词语（题眼），然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的：段落、语句，仔细品味，同时根据上下文进行分 析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。4 阅读理解Artificial intelligence can predict when patients with a heart disorder will die, according to scientists.The software learned to an

40、alyze blood tests and scans of beating hearts to spot signs that the organ was about to fail. The team, from the UK's Medical Research Council, said the technology could save lives by finding patients that need more aggressive treatment. The results were published in the Journal of Radiology.Acc

41、ording to the researchers, high blood pressure in the lungs damages part of the heart, and about a third of patients die within five years after being diagnosed. There are treatments: drugs, injections straight into the blood vessels, a lung transplant. But doctors need to have an idea of how long p

42、atients might have left, in order to pick the right treatment.The software was given scans of 256 patients' hearts, and blood test results. When this data was combined with eight years of patient health records, the artificial intelligence predicted when patients would die.The software could loo

43、k about five years into the future. It correctly predicted those who would still be alive after one year about 80% of the time. The figure for doctors is 60%.The team now want to test the software works in other patients in different hospitals before assessing whether it should be made widely availa

44、ble to doctors. The researchers also want to use the technology in other forms of heart failure, such as cardiomyopathy, to see who might need a pacemaker or other forms of treatment.Dr Mike Knapton, from the British Heart Foundation, said, "This exciting use of computer software in medical pra

45、ctice will help doctors in the future to make sure that patients are receiving the correct treatment before the condition deteriorates and leaves them needing a lung transplant. The next step is to test this technology in more hospitals with heart disease."(1) What can artificial intelligence d

46、o according to the passage?A. Predicting how long a person with heart disease can survive.B. Helping doctors diagnose people with heart disease.C. Obeying orders and reminding heart disease patients to take pills.D. Producing medicine without side effects for heart disease patients.(2) What can we k

47、now about the software from the passage?A. It can make accurate long-term predictions.B. It has not yet been widely put into use.C. It can prevent high blood pressure in the lungs damaging part of the heart.D. It can help doctors make sure that patients are receiving the correct treatment.(3) The un

48、derlined word "deteriorates" in the last paragraph probably means "."A. continuesB. worsensC. existsD. improves(4) The author's purpose of writing the text is most likely to.A. advertiseB. persuadeC. informD. entertain【答案】(1) AB(3) B(4) C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，科学家称，人工智能可以预测心脏病患者何时死

49、亡，这项技术可以通过找到需要更积极治疗的病人来挽救生命。以及该软件对病人的预测方式和未来应用领域。（ 1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的 “ Artificial intelligence can predict when patients with a heart disorder will die, according to scientists. 科学家称，人工智能可以预测心脏病患者何时”会死亡。）可知人工智能可以预测心脏病患者能存活多久。故选A。（ 2）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“ The team now want to test the software works inoth

50、er patients in different hospitals before assessing whether it should be made widely available to doctors. 该团队现在想要测试该软件在不同医院的其他病人身上是否有效，然后再评估”是否应该让医生广泛使用。可知该软件尚未广泛使用。故选 B。（ 3）考查词义猜测。根据最后一段中的“ leaves them needing a lung transplant 病人需要进 ”行肺移植，可知电脑软件在医疗实践中的应用，将有助于医生在未来确保病人在病情恶化并需要肺移植之前得到正确的治疗。故划线单词意思为

51、 “恶化” 。故选B。（ 4）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“ Artificial intelligence can predict when patients with aheart disorder will die , according to scientists. 科学家称，人工智能可以预测心脏病患者何时 ” 会死亡。以及文章主要内容为说明人工智能可以预测心脏病患者能存活多久，这项技术可以通过找到需要更积极治疗的病人来挽救生命。可知作者写这篇文章的目的最有可能是提供信息。故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读你，考生需要准确捕捉细节信

52、息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选 出正确答案。5 阅读理解Garbage sorting has become a hot issue around China, especially after Shanghai began carrying out a regulation on July 1.Beijing, as a forerunner in environmental protection, has thus been expected to follow suit. The capital of the country has long been campaig

53、ning for sorting and recycling household waste, as part of its environmental drive for sustainable growth, local media reported.The current regulation gives garbage sorting responsibilities to government departments, property management groups and other organizations. It also gives rules for compani

54、es, outlining how they're responsible for waste collection, transportation and treatment. Only individuals are not subject to responsibilities.The long-awaited revision will soon change the situation, "Taking out the trash without sorting it properly will be illegal," said Sun Xinjun,

55、director of the Beijing Commission of Urban Management. In Shanghai, violators are now fined up to 200 yuan （$30）for trash-sorting violations. The maximum fine in Beijing will not be less than that, he said.The Beijing city government first set out to promote garbage sorting in 2009. Authorities hav

56、e since called on citizens to sort their household waste into four types-recyclable waste, kitchen trash, dangerous waste and others-and leave it in a corresponding dustbin or trash can. Bluecolored dustbins signify items within are recyclable, green represents kitchen trash, red corresponds to dang

57、erous materials and grey to other waste.To promote the awareness of garbage sorting and expand the base of participants, authorities have employed workers to help residents on the spot. With intelligent devices, those who throw in recyclable waste at given sites will be rewarded with bonus points, w

58、hich can be used to buy daily goods. At some communities, there are no color-coded dustbins. Instead, a scheduled garbage collection service is offered to help improve the environment. In other communities, workers offer a door-to-door service to collect recyclables or kitchen waste.Beijing Environm

59、ental Sanitation Engineering Group has been promoting new garbage sorting facilities such as recycling cabinets and smart kitchen waste trash cans since 2016, Xinhua News Agency reported. Nearly 26,000 metric tons of household waste is generated across Beijing on a daily basis and 29 terminal garbage disposal facilities are working at full capacity. Nearly 9.3 million tons of household waste was processed in the city last year.(1) According to th