大学英语综合教程B1-Unit4AmericanDream

1、Unit 4 American DreamText A Tony Trvisonnos American Dreamm. Global Reading1. Part Division of the textPartsLinesMain Ideas1182Life story of Tony Trivisonno.28395The author's reflections on the story of Tony2. Further UnderstandingFor Part One Chap CompletionHow Tony Fulfilled His American Dream

2、LinesTime PhrasesTony's Steps toward Success126One evening during the Great DepressionTony started to work as a help at Mr. Crawford s house.2733Summer passed into fallTony got a job cleaning snow at Mr. Crawford s factory3443One dayTony asked to be trained as an apprentice, and later learned to

3、 be a skilled worker.4485A year or two passedTony bought a house with the help of Mr. Crawford5976After about two yearsTony bought a farm and sent for his family in Italy.7782During the warTony died, leaving his family a prosperous farm anc his children educatedFor Part Two Questions and Answers1) W

4、hat is the key to Tony's success?Tony worked very hard to create his American Dream. Besides,he was determined, self-controlled, optimistic, self-respected, honest and responsible. All these helped him become successful.2) Compare Tony with the greatest industrialists.Both Tony and the greatest

5、industrialists are successful in pursuing their American Dreams. They reached their successby working hard, and by the same values and principles. The only difference was that they had different financial achievements.IV. Detailed ReadingImportant words , phrases and sentences:Part One (Para.1Para.2

6、9)1. (L 5) I mow you门awn," he said.How many times is the sentence- I mow your lawn. -repeated in the text? Why is it repeated?The sentence is repeated four times. That's because it shows Tony's determination in finding a job, and his optimistic view that people would help a man who need

7、ed a job.2. (L11) turn away: refuse to help or allow (sb.) to enter a place一他拒绝了所有的应征者.He turned all the applicants away.-He turned away several people who didHt have the tickets.Collocation:turn down拒绝；调低turn in交还,上交turn into使变成turn off关；拐弯turn out生产,制造；证实,结果turn over仔细考虑3. (L24) work out: plan, so

8、lve, calculate一他们已经设计出把宇宙飞船送上太空的方法.They've worked out a method of sending a spacecraft to the space.* -My mother allowed me to take the trip, but asked me to work out the total cost first. Collocation:work at从事于,致力于work up引起,激起,逐渐上升?大学英语?全新版综合教程ook 14. (L24) weekly:1) adj. happening once a week

9、or every week-He thinks his weekly wage of 100 yuan is enough.2) adv. once a week, every week, by the week.-«21世纪报?每周出版一次.21st Century is published weekly.3) n. a publication issued once a week-Publishers' Weekly(美)?出版商周刊?twice weekly半周刊4) the same asmonthly, daily5. (L 30) Well, what do yo

10、u do with such determination and hope?Paraphrase the sentenceIt is hard to refuse a person who is determined and hopeful to get a job.6. (L30) do with:1) (used in questions with what) deal with-Tell me what you did with yourself this week.* -What do you do with such rude boy?2) tolerate-我不能忍受他和他的无礼.

11、I can't do with him and his impoliteness.3) (often with could, can) desire-I could do with a cup of tea.没有一也行,将就 废除,去掉 和有点关系 和一毫无关系Collocation:do withdo away withhave something to do withhave noting to do with7. (L30) determination: n. the ability to continue trying to achieve what you have deci

12、ded to do even when this is difficult-He has great determination to learn English well.* - -Her determination to do well made her keep on trying.*determine (to do): v. decide to do- -He determined to go.他执意要去.- -1 am determined to do better than Mike.- -What kind of weather we will get determines wh

13、ether we can go out for a picnic.8. (L32) personnel: n.1) the department in a large organization that deals with employees; human resources (uncountable noun, used with a singular or plural verb)- -personnel administration 人事治理?大学英语?全新版综合教程B1-Unit 4- -personnel department人事部 / 处/科- -personnel direct

14、or人事部长/处长/科长* - -Her first job after graduation was in personnel at Microsoft.2) all the persons working in an organization, in the army, etc. (often used with a plural verb)-The personnel of the company has been increased.-全体员工都允许参加晚会.All personnel were allowed to take part in the party.* -All pers

15、onnel in this company are entitled to medical insurance.N.B.此外注意与personal的区别：personal:个人的,私人的,亲自的,秘密的- -Like their personal lives, women s history is fragmented, interrupted.如同她们的个人生活一样,妇女的历史是支离破碎的且中断的.- -a personal appearance亲 自 出面- -1 have something personal to tell you.我有秘密的事要告诉你.9. (L37) capacit

16、y: n.1) the ability to understand or do sth. (followed byfor or to)-His capacity for remembering things is interesting.2) the ability to hold or contain sth.; the maximum amount that can be contained-The trunk is filled to capacityCF: capacity, ability, capability & proficiency这些词都可以表示“水平的意思capa

17、city用于物时,指容纳接受的水平,如容积、容量、生产水平；用于人时指潜在的水平,多用于才智、道德,尤指接受水平、颖悟性、敏感性等.ability既指天赋的水平,也指培养造就而获得的本领；主要用于人,指已经表现出来的实际水平,尤指人的思维水平.capability较多用于人,指胜任某项工作的水平、本领.proficiency正式用语,带有技术性,指对业务的精通和熟练.Fill in the blanks with the words given above:1) Her mental ability is very great.2) The film is beyond the capacit

18、y of the children.3) Proficiency in several foreign languages is needed for work as a traveler guide.4) He has thecapability of solving practical problems.10. (L40) skilled: adj.1) having skill, trained, experienced-skilled worker有技术的工人2) needing skill-skilled work技术性工作?大学英语?全新版综合教程ook 1CF: skilled

19、& skillful这两个词在表示有“有技术的,熟练的讲时可以互换.skilled通常是指受过正规练习,有多年实践经验,而掌握某项专门技术.skillful是指人聪明,做事很灵巧,尤指手的灵巧-He is a skilled / skillful surgeon.-罗斯的父亲是个熟练的机械师,因而她也很会修理自行车.Roses father is a skilled mechanic so she has become skillful at repairing bicycles too.11. (L 4243) My wife and I were delighted with wh

20、at we felt was a satisfying end of the story.1) Paraphrase the sentence.My wife and I were happy with what Tony had achieved, and thought that the whole thing had thus been settled.2) Was Tony satisfied with this end?Tony was not satisfied. He kept on working hard until he fulfilled his better dream

21、s.12. (L47) for sale: available to be bought-The company will put the houses for sale. -Her former home is for sale at $496,000. 'on sale: 1) available to be bought2) being offered at a reduced priceCollocation:上市,出售；减价,贱卖赊购包退包换的,无法销售可以退货的on salea sale on credit on sale or return13. (L48) call o

22、n:1) visit sb. for a short time-1 'll call on him tomorrow.2) summon, appeal-他们号召全市工人支持这次罢工.They called on the workers of the city to support the strike.3) invite, require-The host of the party called on the Chairman to speak.邀约；要求；需要取消打 ；召集；使人想起 顺路到某处；收回Collocation: call for call off call up ca

23、ll in14. (L48) loan:?大学英语?全新版综合教程B1-Unit 41) vt. lend-The bank loaned me some money.-The artist loaned her pictures to the museum.2) n.a) sth. lent, esp. a sum of money-The dictionary is a loan, not a gift.-Does the loan carry any interest?b) lending-我可以借你的打字机用一下吗？May I have the loan of your typewri

24、ter?Collocation:请求借用借出借的抵押贷款,抵押借款担保贷款消费贷款长期贷款无息贷款公债,国库券内外债ask for the loan of have the loan of on loana mortgage loana loan on securitya loan for consumptiona long-term loana gift (interest-free) loana public / government loan a domestic (foreign) loan15. (L48) character: n.1) the particular collect

25、ion of qualities that make sb. / sth. different from others-He has a strong but gentle character.-品质的培养应是教育的主要点.Character building should be the main point of education.-The new buildings have changed the character of the village.2) person in a play, movie, etc.-I find all the characters in his new

26、play very real.3) letter, sign or mark used in a system of writing or printing-a Chinese character-汉字看起来像是一幅幅小图回The characters in Chinese writing look like small pictures.CF: character, characteristic, feature & personality这些词都是名词,都有“性格、“品质、“特征的意思.character 指成年人已经充分开展的生活方式,而且往往与品格有关characteristi

27、c 指某物的任何方面,不涉及全局的重要性,但常指有代表性的一 个侧面,常用于科技领域.feature通常指外貌的特征或特别的、附加的、有吸引力的东西.?大学英语?全新版综合教程ook 1personality偏重指一个人表现出来的无法明确阐述的整个情绪方面的特点,不与形容词连用时表示情感上的吸引力.Fill in the blanks with the words given above and translate the sentences into Chinese.1) An aquiline nose was her besfeature.(鹰钩鼻是她最明显的特征)2) He can r

28、ead a guys character at the first glance.(他一眼就可以看出一个人的品质)3) He has character but ncpersonality.(他有性格但没有个性)4) A psychological report lists every possible characteristic of the person being studied.(一份心理学报告列举了研究对象所有可能有的特性)16. (L 5558) From then on, it was interesting to see that any discarded odds and

29、 ends around our place a broken screen, a bit of hardware, boards from packing Tony would gather and take home.1) Why did Tony take home the discarded odds and ends?Tony bought a house, which was a complete wreck. To fix and decorate it, and, above all, to save money, he took home the discarded odds

30、 and ends.2) Translate the sentence into Chinese.从那以后,只要我家附近有什么被人丢弃的零星杂物,坏了的屏风啦,五金 器具啦,包装纸板啦,托尼都要收起来拿回家,看他这个样子真有意思.17. (L60) confidence:n. the quality of being certain of one s abilities or of trusting other people- -1 took them into my confidence.- -1 have every confidence in your ability to succee

31、d.- -我告诉你这件事是由于绝对相信你会保守秘密的.I am telling you this in strict confidence.18. (L67) sent for: ask for the arrival of-1 was seriously 川 and my father had to send for a doctor.-Do you want to send for the police?19. (L6869) He had hunted around the edge of town until he found a small, abandoned piece of p

32、roperty with a house and shed.1) What does property" refer to?Property" refers to the farm he wanted to buy.2) Translate the sentence into Chinese.他在小镇周边到处找,终于找到一小块没人要的地产,有一幢房子,还有一 间小棚子.20. (L68) hunt: v.1) search thoroughly (for)?大学英语?全新版综合教程B1-Unit 4-警察在山中搜索逃犯.The police are hunting for

33、the escaped criminal in the mountain.*-Many graduates are hunting for jobs in job fairs.-They were hunting the area for a new apartment.2) go after (wild animals) for food or sport-We often go out hunting in the holiday.21. (L69) abandon: v. give up completely and forever- -One of my classmates had

34、to abandon the trip because of his fath,erillness.- -The cruel father abandoned his newborn daughter.- -My car broke down and I had to abandon it on the main road.22. (L69) property: n.1) land, buildings or both together-Little property was left in the small country after the war.*-A lot of property

35、 in the city center was destroyed in the war.2) the thing or things that sb. owns- -The factory is my uncle s private property.- -public property公共贝才产- -personal property 动产- -real property不动产23. (L73) sponsor:1) v. support by giving money, encouragement or other help- -The exhibition was sponsored

36、by the Society of Culture.- -一些大公司赞助了这次的时装表演.Some large companies sponsored this fashion show.- -The soccer team is sponsored by Coco-Cola, so the players wear the letters Coco-Cola on their shirts.2) n. one who puts forward or guarantees a proposal-a sponsor country 主办国24. (L74) approach:1) v. come

37、 near or nearer to-The boys were approaching the tunnel when I saw them.-性能近乎完美.The performance approaches perfection.2) n. way-每个人的学习方法都不一样Everyone has his own approach to study.* approachable: adj.1) (of people or things) that can be approached (人/物) 可以接近的-The village is only approachable from the

38、 south?大学英语?全新版综合教程ook 12) friendly and easy to talk to 和蔼可亲的-The young teacher is so approachable and all the students like to answer her questions.25. (L78) pass away:die (euphemism)-He passed away peacefully.Collocation:pass by不注意,无视pass down使传下来pass over对 不力口考虑pass out失去知觉,昏倒pass off终止,停止26. (L

39、80) handle:1) v.a) manage, control-How to handle the contradiction correctly among the people is important to steady development.正确处理人们内部的矛盾对稳定开展很重要.b) touch, lift, or hold with the hands-Wash your hands before you handle the white paper.2) n. a part that is designed to be held or operated with the

40、hand-The handle is not well fixed.Part Two (Para.30Para.33)27. (L 84) He grew in stature in my mind.1) Paraphrase the sentenceHe grew taller and greater in my mind. His social status improved enough in my mind.1) Describe the change of Tony5 social status in Mr. Crawford's mind.When Mr. Crawford

41、 first met Tony, Tony was about five-foot-sevenor eight, and thin",and his English was broken. He remained standing when he talked to Mr. Crawford. He did not have high social status. After he bought his farm several years later, he seemed to stand a little straighter and hehad a look of confid

42、ence. He and Mr. Crawford sat down and talked. His social status improved enough to allow him to sit down with Mr. Crawford. After he passed away, Mr. Crawford thought he stood as tall, and as proud, as the greatest American industrialists.* 28. (L87) principle: a rule or standard, especially of goo

43、d behavior; basic truth原那么,原理-It s a principle of mine to help people when I can.?大学英语?全新版综合教程B1-Unit 4我的一个原那么是在我能够帮助人的时候帮助人.-the principles of political economy 政治经济学原理in principles 根本上,原那么上on principles根据既定的原那么,根据为人处世的原那么,根据规定-They have agreed to the proposal in principles but we still have to neg

44、otiate the terms-Many people are opposed to the sale of arms on principles.许多人根据自己的是非观反对出售武器.29. (L 88) above all: most important of all-He was concerned above all with the truth of the accident.Collocation:after all毕竟,终究,归根结底at all完全,全然first of all首先in all总计,总的说来all but几乎,差一点；除外全部all in all总之30. (L

45、 8990) Tony did not begin on the bottom rung of the ladder. He began in the basement.1) What does ladder refer to? And what does basement refer to?Ladder refers to the way to success. Basement refers to To 何starting point. He was worse than ordinary people. He had nothing to help him seek his Americ

46、an Dream.2) What can you infer from the sentence?Tony had nothing when he arrived in the United States, and he built up from nothing.31. (L 9192) But, after all, the balance sheets were exactly the same. The only difference was where you put the decimal point.1) What do balance sheets refer to? And

47、what does decimal point refer to?Balance sheets are used to show whether a person or a company is financially successfulHere they are used to judge a persons life achievements.If the decimal point is moved, a number will become either smaller or bigger. Here it shows the difference in the amount of

48、money Tony and the greatest industrialists had made.2) What can you infer from the sentences?What Tony and the greatest industrialists achieved was exactly the same. The only difference was that they had different financial success.32. (L 91) balance:1) n.10?大学英语?全新版综合教程ook 1a) the difference betwee

49、n the credit and the debit side; a remainder- -a bank balance 银行余额- -剩下来的工资全用来购置花卉栽培的新书上了.The balance of the wages was devoted to new books on flower culture.- -You may keep the balance.b) a weighing device-The balance is an apparatus for weighing, not for you to play.c) a state of equilibrium-孩子骑在他

50、的新自行车上用双腿保持平衡.The child could keep his balance with his legs on his new bicycle.2) v.a) keep or put something in a steady position-1'm trying to balance on the ball on one foot in order to win the prize.b) show equal totals of debits and credits-My accounts balance for the first time this year!V

51、 . After Reading1. Discussion1) What is the authors interpretation of the American Dream as illustrated in the story of Tony?The author's interpretation of the American Dream as illustrated in the story of Tony is that everyone, regardless of his background, can realize his life-long dream as lo

52、ng as he is willing to work hard enough in America.2) Do you think integrity, determination and hard work can take everyone from log cabin to White House? Why or why not?I think the answer is yes. If a person is honest and willing to put efforts into what he is doing, sooner or later he will become

53、rich and rise in social status. As the saying goes, where there is a will, there is a way.Or: I think the answer is no. Sometimes, one will not succeed without a bit of luck. Also, one's background is very important. Without enough money to give one a good education, it is almost impossible for

54、a person to survive in today's competitive society.3) Do you have a dream? If you have, how do you try to fulfill it?I supposethe essenceof the American Dream is that one will succeedwith hard work.Or. I believe the essence of the American Dream is that even a poor guy can succeed and become the

55、 president with hard work and determination.112. Dictation?大学英语?全新版综合教程B1-Unit 4Listen and fill in the blanks with the missing words.Key: 1. assume5. graduate9. hardware13. abandon17. route2. determination6. instrument10.confidence14. property18. vision3. capacity 7.character 11.amaze 15.approach 19

56、. giant4. precision8. screen12. diet16. handle20.balance3. Useful Expression1结结巴巴的英语2大萧条时期3上门求助4重整业务5夏去秋来6人事部门7培训工人8徒工学校9精密加工工作10减薪水11人品贷款12没门13人品端正14首付15从那以后16零星杂物17样子自信18穿戴整洁19儿时的伙伴20最后broken English the Depression days come to sb for help rebuild one s business summer passes into fall personnel department train laborers an apprentice school precision work take a cut in pay loan money on character no sale a man of character down payment from then on odds and ends have a look of