高二英语如何做高中英语中的完形填空题冀教版知识精讲

1、高二英语如何做高中英语中的完形填空题冀教版【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：如何做高中英语中的完形填空题从近几年的全国各地英语试题来看，“完形填空”题是英语试题中难度较大，得分率较低的题型之一。完形填空是一种综合性较强的测试题型，既考查学生的语言知识能力，又考查学生综合运用所学知识的实践能力，即：既考查学生对语法、词汇、习语、句型搭配等基础知识的综合运用能力，又考查学生对短文的阅读理解能力。它涉及面广，难度较大，各小题的四项答案，只一项最佳，有点类似选择填空题，其余的均是干扰性或迷惑性选项。它考查的主体是实词，其中又以名词、动词为多，侧重考查学生对全文的综合理解和整体把握，偏重于语言意义和行文逻

2、辑等。能较全面地反映出学生对所学知识的掌握程度。因此，做这类题型时，掌握一定的答题技巧，才能达到事半功倍的效果。（一）开篇首句、不容忽视文之首如鸟之头，辨鸟，只需看鸟头便可一目了然，阅读一篇生疏的材料也同此理。开篇首句是探察全文概况的“窗口”，从首句得到的信息是解题的指南。通过它，可以大致了解全文的概貌和作者的立意。它往往提供了全文的中心信息。阅读材料的首句一般都是关键句，在议论文中往往就是段落的主题句，在记叙文中则是领起全文，展开情节的“文眼”。如将一篇生疏的阅读材料比作字母的海洋，那么通读全文无异于漂洋过海，首句启示作用如同茫茫夜雾中的灯塔，能够指导船只选定正确的航向，朝着理想的彼岸拔锚启

3、航。因此，第一句一般不设空，考生应该充分利用此句的标示作用，并将它作为一个解题的突破口，据此展开思维。细心阅读了第一句后，应快速阅读全文，了解文章的体裁、背景、内容、结构，以及情节发展的前因后果。同时对空格部分也作猜测。然后，逐句细读，确定选项。掌握文章大意后，逐句分析，根据上下文意义，选择语法正确、词义贴切的选项填入空格。在这一过程中要注意文脉走势和作者口吻，注意语境和有关提示，正确地分析、归纳、概括出一篇文章的主旨或段意，不能单纯地凭语法知识解题，千万不要急于选择答案。（二）瞻前顾后、逻辑推理近几年完形填空题已没有单纯的语法题，必须借助于上下文理解才能正确解题。文章都是前后连贯，符合逻辑地

4、向前发展延伸的，短文中每个空白处的正确答案和其上下文在意义上和结构上都有这样或那样的必然联系。因此，必须注意上下文的参照，连贯思考。在了解文章大意的基础上，要按文章的先后顺序，对每道题所给词语的确切含义进行分析比较，并考虑到全文整体意境的影响，做到瞻前顾后，上下文呼应，运用逻辑思维、推理的方式来答题。切不可断章取义，顾此失彼或无所适从，应逐步填写，另外还需注意试题有易有难，应暂时绕开那些少数较难的问题，先做最有把握、最熟悉的短语，惯用动词形式和语言结构的题目。在解题中必须把握文章的走势，揣摩文章字里行间的意义，选择与作者思路或意图相吻合的选项。例如：上文有因为，下文必然有所以；上文有其然，下文

5、必然有其所以然。上下文从两个对立的方面阐述，中间可能有一个转折词；上下文都从同一角度阐述，中间有可能有一个并列连词。如果用一些形容词修饰一个人，用and连接形容词，那么这些词必然都是褒义词，或都是贬义词。如果用but连接形容词，必然是一部分为褒义词，而另一部分是贬义词。做完形填空题必须首尾相顾，甚至文章的最后一个空格也要连贯上文所有的内容。试题所提供的短文可以说是一个整体，空白处所需要选的只是整体的一部分，有时候，所选答案从局部看是可行的，但从整体上看，不见得是最佳答案。这时，就要局部服从整体，从短文的整体内容出发，重新选择答案。对于那些拿不定主意或未能选答的空白，不要仅局限在与上下文的对照上

6、，要把视野扩大到全文，有时，一旦和整篇短文联系起来，就可豁然开朗，很容易选出答案。 完形填空的题目有40%涉及到搭配遣词。在设置题目时，拟题者会在搭配问题上大做文章，充分考虑考生可能进入的误区，设置迷惑选项。有些选项填上去似乎符合上下文，语法也对，但搭配欠妥，不太合理。这种搭配包括主谓搭配、动宾搭配、形容词与被修饰名词的搭配、副词与被修饰动词的搭配、介词短语搭配、动词短语搭配、固定短语搭配等等。（三）先易后难，返回定论完形填空题的总体难度是较高的，但10个空中，容易失分的也仅有二、三个题。大多数是中档题和低档题。因此，在解题中要注意解题速度，不可为一道难题苦思冥想，耗时太多。应该绕道而行，先做

7、下面容易的题目，将有把握的空填上。填上所有的容易题，也缩小了思考范围，同时又提供了更多的信息。当10题已经做了7题时，剩下3题就可以从容应答。此时，借助自己已补全的那些空缺，再细读全文，此时对全文意思的理解程度会更清楚。一篇文章是一个整体，有它独立的内容，结构与逻辑联系，不能单从局部的词义和语法来理解，应从全文内容出发，不断深入理解，这样就为在解决那些少数疑难问题排除了在逻辑意义上易选错的选项。先看看哪些词语意义与文章不符，然后综合运用词汇、句型、语法等知识反复地字斟句酌，排除明显错误，缩小选择范围，得出符合逻辑的正确答案。有的难题一时难下定论，这时必须读下去，在下文中找到相关依据后再返回定论

8、。有时上文已选定某一项，但在下文解题中，发现上文那个选项不妥，不符合连贯逻辑，也必须返回定论。不善于返回定论，就难以做好完形填空题。（四）复查核对，决定取舍答题完毕，仍不可孤立地检查每个所要求填的空处。应遵循由整体到部分，再由部分到整体的理解文章的规律，耐心地再次复读全文。认真检查所选答案放在原句中能否使该句意思通顺、与全文整体意思是否协调一致、结构是否正确完整、是否符合习惯表达和固定搭配、是否符合上下文语义。检查过程中要注意所选答案的合理性。如果没有上下文信息的依托，就缺乏合理性。有时一个题中的四个选项都是对的，但最贴切的只有一个。符合文章内涵、符合作者意图的才是最贴切的。最后，根据检查结果

9、校对、更改不合理、不贴切的答案。这是做完形填空题必不可少的环节，也是考生容易忽视的步骤。总之，要做好“完形填空”题，关键是要以文章为纲，按照文章情节的发展顺序，以句义为小整体，灵活地运用所学的语言基础知识，仔细地字斟句酌，反复推敲。如选择名词时，应联系文章的主题及空格前后重复出现的词，注意它的数和性，选择动词时，不但要注意其所表示的意义及其惯用法，而且还要注意所给动词的时态、语态，选择连词时，要注意分析文章中前后句和上下文的逻辑关系，选择代词时，要注意它的性、数、格是否准确，选择介词时，必须注意其固定搭配等等。然而，平时对基本知识和阅读理解的基本技能也要有足够的重视。增加阅读量，实践量，不断总

10、结经验，培养语感掌握技巧。在基本知识扎实，阅读理解能力较高的基础上，完形填空题的解题技巧才能得以充分发挥，产生最佳效果，提高解题的灵活性和准确性。在做完形填空题时，不少同学由于词汇掌握不牢、忽视文章整体内容等原因而造成解题失误，进而影响自己的得分。了解这些失误有助于同学们及时发现问题，对症下药。【典型例题】-词汇掌握不牢对一些单词的词义、词性或用法掌握得不够详细，导致在选择选项时无从下手。例1: Some of us may _ why there are two“英国”in English，England and Britain？A. wantB. wonderC. knowD. wish解

11、析：此句意为“我们有人可能纳闷，在英语里为何有两个英国，England和Britain？”，B选项wonder意为“纳闷”，故答案选B。有的同学因为不知道wonder的这个意思，而无法选对。由此看来，对词义、词性以及词的用法了解不详都会影响做题效果。-忽视文章整体内容不注意从上下文内容获取有用信息，而只根据某一句或某个词语搭配来判断选项。完形填空中的正确答案，有时具有很大的隐蔽性，若不瞻前顾后，很难选择。例2：After you have learned to think of several words in English，then move on to the next stepthin

12、king in_.(2007年河北)A. sentencesB. passagesC. lessonsD. classes解析：需注意上下文逻辑推理以及名词的含义。第一步是考虑单词，接下来应该是考虑句子。故选A。-忽视习惯搭配与固定句式例3: During the summer holidays，they usually _ much time playing football on the play ground. A. useB. needC. takeD. spend解析：四个选项从语法角度看似乎都正确。但从习惯搭配来看，spend (in) doing sth.表示“花时间做某事”，是

13、固定句式，因此，正确答案为D。从此题可以看出，熟记习惯搭配与固定句式在做完形填空题时非常重要，它不但能提高准确率，也会提高做题速度，所以这一点忽视不得。-不注意语法分析主要表现为不分析句子结构，只凭感觉选择答案。例4. Finally Peter decided to go to the USA and，as his father had told him，_to be a doctor. A. studiesB. studyingC. studyD. studied解析：分析句子结构可知，空白处与前面的动词go为并列动词不定式，均作谓语decided的宾语，故选C。此题若忽略分析句子结构，很

14、容易误选D。此题的难点在于句中有一个插入性质的as引导的从句，将两个不定式分隔开了。从而造成辨认第二个动词不定式的困难。【模拟试题】AMany years ago, my dad was diagnosed with a terminal illness. He was unable to work at 1 job. He would be fine for quite a while, but would then fall suddenly 2 and have to be admitted to the hospital. He wanted to do something to ke

15、ep himself 3 , so he decided to volunteer at the local children 4 . My dad loved kids. He would talk to them and play with them. Sometimes, he would 5 one of his kids. In certain instances, he would give 6 to the sad parents of these children. One of his kids was a girl who had been admitted with a

16、7 disease that paralyzed (使瘫痪) her from the neck down. I dont know the 8 of the disease, but I do know that it was very sad for a little girl. My dad decided to try to help her. He started 9 her in her room, bringing paints, brushes and paper. He stood the paper up 10 a backing, but the paintbrush i

17、n his mouth and began to paint. He didnt use his hands at all. Only his 11 would move. He would visit her 12 he could and paint for her. All the while he would tell her, “see, you can do 13 you set your mind to”. 14 , she began to paint using her mouth, and she and my dad became friends. Soon after,

18、 the little girl was discharged (允许出院). My dad also 15 the children hospital for a little while because he became ill. Sometime later after my dad had recovered and 16 to work, he was at the volunteer counter one day and 17 the front door open. In came the little girl who had been paralyzed, but thi

19、s time she was 18 . She ran straight to my dad and hugged him really tight. She gave my dad a picture she had done using her 19 . At the bottom it read, “thank you for helping me walk. “Sometimes love is more 20 than doctors, and my dad - who died just a few months after the little girl gave him the

20、 picture - loved every single child in that hospital. 1. A. an importantB. a steadyC. an easyD. a good2. A. ill B. behind C. asleep D. down3. A. well B. wealthy C. busy D. healthy4. A. palace B. hospital C. center D. park5. A. teach B. miss C. l

21、ose D. treat6. A. speech B. comfort C. praise D. help7. A. special B. curious C. strange D. rare8. A. result B. reason C. name D. course9. A. observing B. drawing C. painting D. visiting10. A. with B. across C. against D

22、. over11. A. head B. neck C. fingers D. eyes12. A. with whoever B. whenever C. as if D. as soon as13. A. everything B. something C. anything D. nothing14. A. Basically B. Naturally C. Eventually D. Suddenly15. A. left B. entered C

23、. rushed to D. stayed at16. A. stopped B. returned C. hesitated D. refused17. A. pushed B. noticed C. observed D. kicked18. A. shouting B. lying C. walking D. jumping19. A. hands B. pens C. paper D. mind20. A. thankful B. useful&#

24、160;C. thoughtful D. powerfulBParents like to plan the future for their children. However, from my experience I have learnt: be true to 1 .I first started playing 2 when I was three. My parents are professional 3 , so they were both very 4 . It was their 5 , I think, to raise a child who could

25、one day become a world-class pianist. So they hired an expensive professor to teach me. I practised every day, sometimes, for five or six hours 6 . 7 the long hours and difficulties, I did 8 it at first and played very well. To my parents and my professor, I was really 9 and was 10 to becoming a pro

26、fessional musician like them. They were, of course, like many other parents, very 11 of me. But in fact, 12 was that my heart wasnt really in it. My 13 interest was in something different14 and equations (公式). I told my parents that I found more beauty in a 15 equation than in a piano concerto (协奏曲)

27、. So, when I went to college, I chose to 16 in mathematics, not music. Then I got a job working as 17 . Now I work with numbers every day. My parents couldnt, understand, and even now I dont think theyve really 18 me. They say I wasted a special 19 . But I still believe what I did was 20 for me. 1.

28、A. myself B. yourself C themselves D. himself2. A. the violin B. the piano C. volleyball D. football3. A. musicians B. artists C. athletes D. journalists4. A. disappointed B. disappointing C. encouraged D. encouraging5. A. promise B. i

29、ntention C. dream D. idea6. A. at a time B. at one time C. at times D. at other times7. A. Although B. Besides C. Despite D. As if8. A. hate B. enjoy C. miss D. practise9. A. gifted B. interested C. smart D. bright10. A. on the ro

30、ad B. along the road C. up the road D. down the road11. A. careful B. happy C. sure D. proud12. A. the difficulty B. the trouble C. the failure D. the success13. A. natural B. real C. true D. regular14. A. arts B. movies C. number

31、s D. fashions15. A. mathematical B. chemical C. physical D. biological16. A. take B. bring C. major D. breathe17. A. a musician B. an accountantC. an artist D. a designer18. A. forgiven B. excused C. pardoned D. forgotten19. A. time B. money C. experience D. talent20. A. fair B.

32、right C. great D. smartCEleven-year-old Angela had something wrong with her nervous system(神经系统). She was unable to 1 . In fact, she could hardly make any 2 . Although she believed that she had a 3 chance of recovering, the doctors said that 4 , if any, could come back to normal after getting this d

33、isease. Having heard this, the little girl was not 5 . There, lying in her hospital bed, she 6 that no matter what the doctors said, her going back to school was 7 .She was moved to a specialized health center, and whatever method could be tried was used. Still she would not 8 . It seemed that she w

34、as 9 . The doctors were all fond of her and taught her about 10 that she could make it. Every day Angela would lie there, 11 doing her mental exercise.One day, 12 she was imagining her legs moving again, it seemed as though a miracle(奇迹)happened: The bed began to 13 ! “Look, what Im doing! Look! I c

35、an do it! I moved! I moved!” she 14 .Of course, at this very moment everyone else in the hospital was 15 . More importantly, they were running 16 safety.People were crying, and equipment was 17. You see, it was an earthquake. But dont 18 that to Angela. She has 19 that she did it ,just as she had ne

36、ver doubted that she would recover. And now only a few years later, shes back in school. You see, to such a person who can 20 the earth, such a disease is a small problem, isnt it?1. A. see B. hear C. talk D. walk2. A. progress B. difference C. movement D. achievement3. A. poor B. good C. little D.

37、special4. A. few B. all C. some D. most5. A. satisfied B. delighted C. surprised D. discouraged6. A. insisted B. sighed C. feared D. promised7. A. true B. doubtful C. certain D. impossible8. A. get up B. give up C. turn up D. stand up9. A. disappointed B. proud C. troubled D. undefeatable10. A. thin

38、king B. expecting C. pretending D. imagining11. A. sadly B. madly C. carefully D. faithfully12. A. as B. since C. after D. before13. A. fly B. move C. roll D. speak14. A. jumped B. wondered C. screamed D. recovered15. A. frightened B. pleased C. touched D. encouraged16A. in B. by C. for D. with17. A

39、. rising B. falling C. missing D. gathering18. A. tell B. do C. give D. show19. A. noticed B. supposed C. believed D. discovered20. A. push B. shock C. shake D. saveDOne man was to meet his wife downtown and spend some time shopping with her. He waited 1 for 15 minutes. Then he waited impatiently fo

40、r 15 minutes more. After that, he became 2 . When he saw a photograph booth (照相亭) nearby, he had 3 . He wore the most unhappy expression he could manage, which was not 4 in the situation. In a few moments, he was holding four small prints that 5 even him.He wrote his wifes name on the back of the ph

41、otos and handed them to a 6 behind the desk in the booth. “ 7 you see a small, dark lady with brown eyes and an apologetic expression, obviously 8 someone, would you please give her this?” he said. He then 9 his office in Morrison Building, 10 that if a picture is worth a thousand words, then the fo

42、ur photos must be a good 11 ! He sat down with a smile.His wife 12 those pictures. She carries them in her purse now and shows them to anyone who asks if she is married How are you with 13 ? One person calls it “wait training”. It seems that there is always something we are 14. We wait on traffic an

43、d we wait in lines. We wait to hear about a new job. We wait to complete school. We wait for someone to change his or her mind.Patience is an important 15 of a happy and rewarding life. 16, some things are worth waiting for. 17 presents many opportunities for wait training.We can hate waiting, 18 it

44、 or even get good at it! But one thing is 19 - we cannot avoid it. How is your 20 coming along?1. A. proudlyB. respectful C. patientlyD. curiously2. A. angryB. hungryC. frightenedD. thirsty3. A. a question B. a reasonC. an opinionD. an idea4. A. seriousB. difficultC. regularD. convenient5. A. hurtB.

45、 encouragedC. attractedD. shocked6. A. clerkB. secretaryC. passer-byD, friend7. A. SinceB. BeforeC. AsD. If8. A. looking for B. working forC. sending for D. paying for9. A. called upB. returned toC. visitedD. left10. A. worriedB. disappointed C. satisfiedD. surprised11. A. description B. Preparation

46、C. excuseD. lecture12. A. toreB. savedC. developedD. destroyed13. A. your wifeB. your familyC. patienceD. determination14. A. hoping for B. waiting for C. ready forD. fit for15. A. lessonB. experienceC. purposeD. quality16. A. For example B. After all C. Right nowD. So far17. A. Every ageB. Every sh

47、opC. Every dayD. Every office18. A. acceptB. controlC. changeD. improve19. A. certainB. interestingC. preciousD. easy20. A. photo taking B. job huntingC. decision making D. wait trainingEThe year I went to college was a very difficult transition(过渡期) for me._2 is probably true with many people. I go

48、t quite homework and 1 thought about going home.Although the _3 time for many students is getting 4 from home, my mailbox was frequently 5 . One day when I went to the mailbox, there was a postcard 6 out at me. I sat down to read it, 7 a note from someone back home. 8 I became increasingly puzzled(困惑) as 9 postcards were like this; It was a full news report about a woman named Mabel and her newborn baby. I took the card b