西点课业高考必背英语词汇辨析

1、2009高考必背英语词汇辨析-B字头1、base与basis这两个词在作名词时可表示"基础；基地"，但其意义是不同的。base用来指某物体的具体"基础"或底部的"支柱"。例如：We camped at the base of the mountain.我们在山脚下扎营。Our company's base is in New York , but we have extended many branches all around the world.我们公司的总部设在纽约，但是分公司遍及全世界。而basis则用来表示抽象意义上

2、的"基础"，常用于比喻句。What's the basis of your opinion?你的意见的根据是什么？We are willing to develop economic relations with all countries on the basis of mutual benefits.我们愿意在互利互惠的原则下同各国发展经济关系。2、be about to这个短语与"be to do","be going to do"两个短语都可用来表示"将要做某事，但含义和用法有所不同。be about to

3、从时间上来讲，等于be just going to do，意思是"即将，马上就要去做"。因此，在由这个短语构成的句子中，一般不可再加上表示时间的状语（如at once, next）例如：I am about to leave for Shanghai.我将要去上海。be to do主要表示安排或计划要在将来做的事情，它还可以表示命令等语气，相当于should, must 等。它可以同将来的时间状语连用。例如：The US President Bill Clinton is to visit Japan next week.美国总统比尔?克林顿将于下周访日。The lette

4、r is to be handed to him in person.这封信必须面交他本人。be going to do 一般可以和be to do 换用，它在通常情况下表示计划，安排或准备去做某事的意向，但并不一定马上去做。它一般都与时间状语连用；此外，它还可以用来表示某种推断或可能性。例如：What are you going to do for your holiday?假期有什么打算吗？It's going to rain soon, look at those black clouds.看那些乌云，快要下雨了。3、beat; hit; strike这三个词都有"打；

5、击；敲"的意思，但仔细分辩，还是有其各自的用法。beat 表示"连续不断地打击"；尤其指心脏的跳动。hit表示"撞击"（尤指一次性的）或命中（目标）。而strike除了与hit同义外，还可以理解为划（火柴）；给人深刻印象等。例如：The man looked dead but his heart was still beating.这个人看上去已经死了，可心脏还在跳动。He hit the ball so hard that it went over the wall.他使劲地击球，结果球越过了墙。She struck (or: hit) hi

6、m hard on the head with a vase.她用一只花瓶使劲地往他头上一敲。He went in, struck a match and lit a candle to give light. 他进屋，划了根火柴并点燃了蜡烛照亮了房间。The foreigner was deeply stricken by the beauty of the West Lake.外宾对西湖之美印象极深。4、before long; long before这两个词组只是在顺序上有所颠倒，其含义却完全不同。before long = soon ，表示"不久以后"。例如：I h

7、ope you will be back before long.我希望你不久就回来。而long before = long time ago很久以前，例如：I saw that American film long before.我很久以前就看过那部美国电影了。有时long before后面可以跟一个句子，这时候before是连词，引出一句时间状语，表示"在 前很久"的意思。例如：He had been a party member long before he came to our school.他到我们学校来之前早就是一个党员了。5、begin这个词看来再普遍不过了

8、，但它用于某些词组时，其意思就会有所不同，让我们看一下：1.begin by 作"先（做某事）"解。例如： I must begin by telling you about the factory itself. 我先给你们谈一谈工厂本身。2.begin with它的意思是以开始。例如：Knowledge begins with practice.知识从实践开始。3.to begin with1). 首先We can't go. To begin with, it's too cold. Besides, we've no money.我们不能去。

9、首先天太冷。此外，我们没有钱。2). 开始时To begin with, they had little support but later on people began to trust them.开始时支持他们的人很少，但后来人们开始信任他们了。6、believe与believe inbelieve作及物动词时，其后可跟名词，表示相信的意思；后接从句时表示认为。例如：I don't believe his story.我不相信他所说的。I believe he told us the truth.我认为他告诉我们的是真的。而believe in是一个动介型短语动词，这时belie

10、ve是不及物动词，一起表示信任即trust" 的意思。例如：She doesn't believe in God.她不信奉上帝。They believe in astrology and let it rule their lives completely.他们相信占星术并且由它来绝对支配他们的生活。believe与believe in的后面均可接人的名词或代词，但其意义不同。试比较：I believe in him. (= I trust him.) 我信任他。I believe him. (= I believe what he says.)我相信他的话。7、beside

11、与besides这两个词都是介词，且只相差一个字母，但意义却相差甚远。beside的意思是在旁边 和与比较起来。例如：May I sit beside you?我可以坐在你的旁边吗？This year's profits don't look very good beside last year's results.与去年相比，今年的利润看来不太好。besides的意思是除之外（还），相当于 "in addition to"。例如：There were three other people at the meeting besides Mr. Smi

12、th.与会的除了史密斯先生外，还有三人。注：besides还可作副词用，解释为此外，而且。例如：I don't feel like dancing tonight. Besides, I will have an exam tomorrow.我今晚不想跳舞，再说我明天还要测验呢。8、blow up与blow outblow up一词的含义颇多，可归纳为：1. 炸毁The soldiers blew up the bridge with dynamite.士兵们用炸药把桥炸毁了。2. 发脾气，责骂 When we arrived a little late, our boss blew

13、us up.我们晚到了一会儿，老板就骂了我们一顿。Mary was two hours late home from the party and his father really blew her up.玛丽聚会后回到家里比她答应的时间晚了两小时就遭到她父亲的一顿骂。3. 打气 Be sure to blow up the type before you drive off.开车之前，一定要把轮胎打足气。而blow out则表示吹灭。She blew out the candle on her birthday cake.她吹灭了生日蛋糕上的蜡烛。Blow out the lamp, ple

14、ase.请吹灭灯。9、break into与break in这两个词组长得很像，有人甚至认为它们完全可以互换，其实则不然。 "break into"表示破门而入，闯入。例如：A house was broken into between midnight and 5am.在午夜到早上5点这段时间，有人闯入一家房子。The robbers broke into his home and robbed him of many possessions.强盗们闯进他的家中，抢走了许多财物。但它还有一个意思，就是突然开始"，即to suddenly start to do

15、sth."。例如：The audience broke into cheers as the band came on stage.当这支乐队一出场，观众就报以热烈的掌声。而 "break in"的另外一个意思是打断（话）；插嘴。例如：Don't break in when he is telling the story.他讲故事的时候，别打断他There's no doubt about it," he broke in."那是毫无疑问的，他插嘴说。Excuse me for breaking in on your conve

16、rsation.请原谅我打断了你们的谈话。10、burn out与burn up这两个词组都是动副型动词，在表示烧光，烧尽时，可通用。例如：The big fire burned out (up) two tall buildings.这场大火把两座高楼烧掉了。burn out主要指灯泡，设备等烧坏；它还可以表示放火将赶出。例如：Any electric light bulb will eventually burn out.任何灯炮最后总会烧坏。I turn on a switch but the light had burnt out.我打开电源，但电灯已经烧坏了。Hundreds of

17、families have been burnt out of their homes.有人放火使数百人无家可归。11、but do与but to do这两个词组都可表示除了做之外的意思，相当于except do与except to do。它们属于 "but不定式结构，即but是介词，后接带to的不定式和不带to的不定式。比如在but前面的句子中出现了实义动词do, but后一般接不带to的不定式。反之则用but to do的形式。例如：He could do nothing but wait.他除了等，别无它法。He had no choice but to kill himsel

18、f.他除了自杀外，别无其它选择。12、by heart与at heart这两个词组在句中均作状语，在意义上却有所不同。by heart 指靠记忆（by memory）,常与动词get, learn, know等连用。例如：The students have learned many new words by heart.学生们已背熟很多新单词了。He has made the speech so many times that he knows every word of it by heart.这篇演讲他讲过好多次了，因此，他能把里面的每句话记得清清楚楚。at heart有两种意义：一是在本

19、质上；二是在内心深处；关心的。例如：His manners are rough, but he is a kind man at heart.他态度粗鲁，但在本质上是个善良的人。When I say "Don't eat sweets", I have your health at heart.当我说你不要吃甜食时，我是在关心你的健康。He has the welfare of the poor people at heart.他把贫苦人民的福利放在心里。13、by turns与in turnby turns表示轮流地，交替地的意思，相当于alternately,

20、多用来强调某一时期反复发生的动作，例如：We clean the classroom by turns.我们轮流打扫教室。She went hot and cold by turns.她一阵发热一阵发冷。in turn有两种意义：一是依次地；轮流地，含有one after another和in proper order的意义；二是转而，反过来。例如：They spoke at the meeting in turn.他们依次在会上发了言。Theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice.理论以实践为基础，反过来又为实践服务。14、by chance与by any chanceby chance表示偶然地，意外地，碰巧的意思，相当于by accident，在句中作状语。例如：I had no idea he was there. I met him by chance.我不知道他会在那儿，我是偶然碰见他的。The news came to my ears by chance.我是偶然听到这个消息的。by any chance表示万一；也许的意思时，在句