常用的建筑英语

1、常用的建筑英语来源：倪嘉泽的日志a. DESIGN BASIS 设计依据b. DESIGN STAGE 设计阶段c. CLIMATE CONDITION 气象条件d. GENERAL ROOM NAME常用房间名称e. ROOFING & CEILING 屋面及天棚f. WALL(CLADDING)墙体(外墙板)g. FLOOR & TRENCH地面及地沟h. DOORS、GLASS WINDOWS & IRONMONGERY(HARDWARE)门、 玻璃、窗及五金件I. STAIRCASE、LANDING & LIFT(ELEVATOR)楼梯、休息平台及电梯j

2、. BUILDING MATERIAL WORDS AND PHRASES 建筑材料词7匚及短 语【Bricks and Tiles石专和瓦】Lime, Sand and Stone 灰、砂和石】Cement, Mortar and Concrete 水泥、砂浆和混凝土】Facing And Plastering Materials 饰面及粉刷材料】Asphalt (Bitumen) and Asbestos 沥青和石棉】Timber木材】Metallic Materials 金属材料】【 Non-Ferrous Metal 有色金属】【 Anti-Corrosion Materials 防腐

3、蚀材料】【 Building Hardware 建筑五金】【 Paint 油漆】k. OTHER ARCHITECTURAL TERMS 其它建筑术语【 Discipline 专业】【 Conventional Terms 一般通用名词】【 Architectural Physics 建筑物理】【 Name Of Professional role 职务名称】【 Drafting 制图】a. DESIGN BASIS 设计依据计划建议书planning proposals设计任务书design order标准规范standards and codes条件图information drawing

4、设计基础资料basic data for design工艺流程图process flowchart工程地质资料engineering geological data原始资料original data设计进度schedule of designb. STAGE OF DESIGN 设计阶段方案scheme, draft草图sketch会谈纪要summary of discussion谈判negotiation可行性研究feasibility study初步设计preliminary design基础设计basicdesign详细设计detaildesign询价图enquirydrawing施工图

5、workingdrawing, construction drawing竣工图 as built drawingc. CLIMATE CONDITION 气象条件日照sunshine风玫瑰 wind rose主导风向prevailing wind direction最大( 平均)风速maximum (mean) wind velocity风荷载 wind load最大 ( 平均 )降雨量 maximum (mean) rainfall雷击及闪电thunder and lightning飓风hurricane台风typhoon旋风cyclone降雨强度rainfall intensity年降雨量

6、annual rainfall湿球温度wet bulb temperature干球温度dry bulb temperature冰冻期frostperiod冰冻线frostline冰冻区frostzone室外计算温度calculating outdoor temperature采暖地区region with heating provision不采暖地区region without heating provision绝对大气压absolute atmospheric pressure相对湿度relative humidityd. GENERAL ROOM NAME 常用房间名称办公室 office

7、服务用房service room换班室shift room休息室rest room (break room)起居室living room浴室bathroom淋浴间shower更衣室locker room厕所lavatory门厅lobby诊室clinic工作间workshop电气开关室switchroom走廊 corridor档案室 archive电梯机房liftmotorroom车库garage清洁间cleaningroom会议室(正式) conference room会议室meetingroom衣柜间wardrobe暖风间H.V.A.Croom饭店restaurant餐厅canteen,di

8、ning room厨房kitchen入口entrance接待处receptionarea会计室accountant room秘书室secretaryroom电气室electricalroom控制室control room工长室foremanoffice开关柜室switchgear前室antecabinet(Ante.)生产区productionarea马达控制中心Mcc多功能用房utilityroom化验室laboratoryroom经理室manager room披 屋 ( 阁楼) penthouse警卫室guard housee. ROOFING AND CEILING 屋面及天棚女儿墙 p

9、arapet雨蓬canopy屋脊roof ridge坡度slope坡跨比pitch分水线water-shed二毡三油2 layers of felt & 3 coats of bitumastic附加油毡一层extra ply of felt檐口eave挑檐overhangingeave檐沟eave gutter平屋面flat roof坡屋面pitched roof雨水管downspout,rain water pipe)(R.W.P)汇水面积catchment area泛水flashing内排水interiordrainage外排水exteriordrainage滴水drip屋面排水

10、roof drainage找平层levelingcourse卷材屋面built-up roofing天棚 ceiling檩条purlin屋面板roofing board天花板ceiling board防水层water-proof course检查孔inspection hole人孔manhole吊顶suspendedceiling, false ceiling檐板 ( 窗帘盒 ) cornicef. WALL (CLADDING) 墙体(外墙板)砖墙 brick wall砌块墙 block wall清水砖墙brick wall without plastering抹灰墙rendered wal

11、l石膏板墙gypsum board, plaster board空心砖墙hollow brick wall承重墙 bearing wall非承重墙non-bearing wall纵墙longitudinal wall横墙transverse wall外墙external (exterior)wall内墙internal (interior)wall填充墙filler wall防火墙fire wall窗间墙wall between window空心墙cavity wall压顶coping圈梁gird, girt, girth玻璃隔断glazed wall防潮层damp-proof course

12、(D.P.C)遮阳板sunshade阳台 balcony伸缩缝expansion joint沉降缝settlement joint抗震缝seismic joint复合夹心板sandwich board压型单板corrugated single steel plate外墙板cladding panel复合板composite panel轻质隔断light-weight partition牛腿bracket砖烟囱 brick chimney勒脚 (基座 ) plinthg. FLOOR AND TRENCH 地面及地沟地坪 grade地面和楼面ground and floor素土夯实rammed

13、earth炉渣夯实tamped cinder填土filled earth回填土夯实tamped backfill垫层bedding course,blinding面层covering, finish结合层bonding (binding) course找平层leveling course素水泥浆结合层neat cement binding course混凝土地面concrete floor水泥地面cement floor机器磨平混凝土地面machine trowelled concrete floor水磨石地面terrazzo flooring马赛克地面mosaic flooring瓷砖地面c

14、eramic tile flooring油地毡地面linoleum flooring预制水磨石地面 precast terrazzo flooring硬木花地面hard-woodparquet flooring搁栅 joist硬木毛地面hard-woodrough flooring企口板地面tongued and grooved flooring防酸地面acid-resistantfloor钢筋混凝土楼板reinforced concrete slab (R.C Slab)乙烯基地面vinyl flooring水磨石嵌条divider strip for terrazzo地面做 2坡 floo

15、r with 2% slope集水沟gully集水口gulley排水沟drainagetrench沟盖板trench cover活动盖板removable cover plate集水坑sump pit孔翻边hole up stand电缆沟cable trenchh. DOORS,GLASS,WINDOWS & IRONMONGERY(HARDWARE)门、玻璃、窗及五金件木( 钢 ) 门 wooden (steel) door镶板门panelleddoor夹板门plywooddoor铝合金门aluminum alloy door卷帘门roller shutter door弹簧门swin

16、gdoor推拉门slidingdoor平开门side-hung door折叠门foldingdoor旋转门revolvingdoor玻璃门glazeddoor密闭门air-Tight door保温门thermal insulatingdoor镀锌铁丝网门galvanized steel wire mesh door防火门fire door（大门上的）小门 wicket门框doorframe门扇doorleaf门洞dooropening结构开洞structural opening单扇门single door双扇门double door疏散门emergency door纱门 screen door

17、门槛 door sill门过梁door lintel上冒头top rail下冒头bottom rail门边木stile门樘侧料side jumb槽口notch木窗wooden window钢窗steel window铝合金窗aluminum alloy window百叶窗(通风为主) sun-bind, louver (louver, shutter, blind)塑钢窗 plastic steel window空腹钢窗hollow steel window固定窗fixed window平开窗side-hung window推拉窗sliding window气窗 transom上悬窗top-h

18、ung window中悬窗center-pivoted window下悬窗hopper window活动百叶窗adjustable louver天窗 skylight老虎窗 dormer window密封双层玻璃sealed double glazing钢筋混凝土过梁reinforced concrete lintel钢筋砖过梁reinforced brick lintel窗扇casement sash窗台 window sill窗台板 window board窗中梃mullion窗横木mutin窗边木stile压缝条cover mould窗帘盒curtainbox合页 ( 铰链 ) hing

19、e (butts)转轴 pivot长脚铰链parliament hinge闭门器door closer地弹簧floor closer插销bolt门锁door lock拉手pull链条chain门钩door hanger碰球ball latch窗钩window catch暗插销 insert bolt电动开关器electric opener平板玻璃plateglass夹丝玻璃wire glass透明玻璃clear glass毛玻璃 (磨砂玻璃) ground glass (frosted glass)防弹玻璃bullet-proof glass石英玻璃quartz glass吸热玻璃heat a

20、bsorbing glass磨光玻璃polished glass着色玻璃pigmented glass玻璃瓦glass tile玻璃砖glass block有机玻璃organic glassI. STAIRCASE, LANDING & LIFT (ELEVATOR) 楼梯、休息平台及电梯楼梯 stair楼梯间staircase疏散梯emergency stair旋转梯spiral stair (circular stair)吊车梯crane ladder直爬梯vertical ladder踏步 step扇形踏步winder (wheel step)踏步板tread档步板riser踏步

21、宽度tread width防滑条non-slip insert (strips)栏杆 railing (balustrade)平台栏杆platform railing吊装孔栏杆railing around mounting hole扶手handrail梯段高度height of flight防护梯笼protecting cage (safetycage)平台landing (platform)操作平台operating platform装卸平台platform for loading&unloading楼梯平台stair landing客梯passenger lift货梯 goods

22、lift客 /货两用梯goods/passenger lift液压电梯hydraulic lift自动扶梯escalator观光电梯observation elevator电梯机房liftmortar room电梯坑 lift pit电梯井道liftshaftj. BUILDING MATERIAL WORDS AND PHRASES 建筑材料词汇及短 语Bricks and Tiles 砖和瓦红砖red brick粘土砖clay brick瓷砖glazed brick (ceramic tile)防火砖fire brick空心砖hollow brick面砖facing brick地板砖flo

23、oring tile缸砖clinkery brick马赛克 mosaicceramsite concrete琉璃瓦glazed tile脊瓦 ridge tile石棉瓦asbestos tile (shingle)波形石棉水泥瓦corrugated asbestos cement sheetLime, Sand and Stone 灰、砂和石石膏gypsum大理石marble汉白玉 white marble花岗岩granite碎石crushed stone毛石rubble蛭石vermiculite珍珠岩pearlite水磨石terrazzo卵石cobble砾石gravel粗砂course sa

24、nd中砂medium sand细砂fine sandCement, Mortar and Concrete 水泥、砂浆和混凝土波特兰水泥(普通硅酸盐水泥) Portland cement硅酸盐水泥silicate cement火山灰水泥pozzolana cement白水泥 white cement水泥砂浆cement mortar石灰砂浆lime mortarmortar水泥石灰砂浆（混合砂浆） cement-lime保温砂浆thermal mortar防水砂浆water-proof mortar耐酸砂浆acid-resistant mortar耐碱砂浆alkaline-resistant

25、mortar沥青砂浆bituminous mortar纸筋灰paper strip mixed lime mortar麻刀灰hemp cut lime mortar灰缝 mortar joint素混凝土plain concrete钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete轻质混凝土lightweight concrete细石混凝土fine aggregate concrete沥青混凝土asphalt concrete泡沫混凝土foamed concrete炉渣混凝土cinder concreteFacing And Plastering Materials 饰面及粉刷材料水刷石grani

26、ticplaster斩假石artificialstone刷浆 lime wash可赛银casein大白浆white wash麻刀灰打底hemp cuts and lime as base喷大白浆两道sprayed twice with white wash分格抹水泥砂浆cement mortar plaster sectioned板条抹灰lath and plasterAsphalt(Bitumen) and Asbestos 沥青和石棉沥青卷材asphalt felt沥青填料asphalt filler沥青胶泥asphalt grout冷底子油adhesive bitumen primer沥

27、青玛啼脂asphaltic mastic沥青麻丝bitumastic oakum石棉板 asbestos sheet石棉纤维asbestos fiberTimber 木材裂缝crack透裂split环裂shake干缩shrinkage翘曲warping原木log圆木round timber方木square timber板材plank木条batten板条lath木板board红松red pine白松white pine落叶松 deciduous pine云杉spruce柏木cypress白杨white poplar桦木birch冷杉fir栎木oak榴木willow榆木elm杉木cedar柚木 t

28、eak樟木 camphor woodlumber防腐处理的木材preservative-treated胶合板 plywood三 ( 五 ) 合板3(5)-plywood企口板tongued and groovedboard层夹板laminated plank胶合层夹木材glue-laminated lumber纤维板fiber-board竹子bambooMetallic Materials 金属材料黑色金属ferrous metal圆钢steelbBar方钢square steel扁钢steel strap,flatsteel型钢steel section(shape)槽钢channel角钢a

29、ngle steel等边角钢equal-leg angle不等边角钢unequal-leg angle工字钢 I-beam宽翼缘工字钢wide flange I-beam丁 ( 之 ) 字钢T-bar (Z-bar)冷弯薄壁型钢light gauge cold-formed steel shape热轧 hot-rolled冷轧cold-rolled冷拉cold-drawn冷压cold-pressed合金钢alloy steel钛合金titanium alloy不锈钢stainless steel竹节钢筋corrugated steelbar变形钢筋deformed bar光圆钢筋plain r

30、ound bar钢板steelplate薄钢板thinsteel plate低碳钢lowcarbon steel冷弯coldbending钢管steelpipe (tube)无缝钢管seamless steel pipe焊接钢管welded steel pipe黑铁管ironpipe镀锌钢管galvanized steel pipe铸铁cast iron生铁pig iron熟铁 wrought iron镀锌铁皮galvanized steel sheet镀锌铁丝galvanized steel wire钢丝网 steel wire mesh多孔金属网expanded metal锰钢 manag

31、anese steel高强度合金钢high strength alloy steelNon-Ferrous Metal 有色金属金 gold白金platinum铜 copper黄铜brass青铜bronze银 silver铝 aluminum铅 leadAnti-Corrosion Materials 防腐蚀材料聚乙烯polythene, polyethylene尼龙 nylon聚氯乙烯PVC (polyvinyl chloride)聚碳酸酯polycarbonate聚苯乙烯polystyrene丙烯酸树酯acrylic resin乙烯基酯vinyl ester橡胶内衬rubber linin

32、g氯丁橡胶neoprene沥青漆bitumenpaint环氧树脂漆epoxy resin paint氧化锌底漆zinc oxide primer防锈漆anti-rustpaint耐酸漆acid-resistant paint耐碱漆alkali-resistant paint水玻璃sodiumsilicate树脂砂浆resin-bonded mortar环氧树脂epoxy resinBuilding Hardware 建筑五金钉子nails螺纹屋面钉spiral-threaded roofing nail环纹石膏板钉annular-ring gypsum board nail螺丝screws平头

33、螺丝flat-head screw螺栓bolt普通螺栓commercial bolt高强螺栓high strength bolt预埋螺栓insert bolt胀锚螺栓cinch bolt垫片washerPaint 油漆底漆primer防锈底漆rust-inhibitive primer防腐漆 anti-corrosion paint调和漆mixed paint无光漆flat paint透明漆varnish银粉漆aluminum paint磁漆 enamel paint干性油drying oil稀释剂thinner焦油tar沥青漆asphalt paint桐油tungoil, Chinese w

34、ood oil红丹redlead铅油leadoil腻子puttyk. OTHER ARCHITECTURAL TERMS 其它建筑术语Discipline 专业建筑 architecture土木 civil给排水 water supply and drainage总图plot plan采暖通风H.V.A.C (heating 、 ventilation and air conditioning)电力供应electric power supply电气照明electric lighting电讯telecommunication仪表instrument热力供应heat power supply动力m

35、echanicalpower工艺process technology管道pipingConventional Terms 一般通用名词建筑原理architectonics建筑形式architectural style民用建筑civil architecture城市建筑urban architecture农村建筑rural architecture农业建筑farm building工业建筑industrial building重工业的heavy industrial轻工业的light industrial古代建筑ancient architecture现代建筑modern architectur

36、e标准化建筑standardized buildings附属建筑auxiliary buildings城市规划city planning厂区内within site厂区外offsite封闭式closed type开敞式open type半开敞式semi-open type模数制 modular system单位造价unit cost概算preliminary estimate承包商 constructor, contractor现场site扩建extension改建reconstruction防火fire-prevention防震aseismatic, quake-proof防腐 anti-c

37、orrosion防潮dump-proof防水water-proof防尘dust-proof防锈rust-proof车流量traffic volume货流量freight traffic volume人流量pedestrian volume透视图perspective drawing建筑模型building modelArchitectural Physics 建筑物理照明illumination照度degree of illumination亮度brightness日照sunshine天然采光natural lighting光强light intensity侧光side light顶光top

38、light眩光glaze方位角 azimuth辐射 radiation对流convection传导conduction遮阳sun-shade保温thermalinsulation恒温constanttemperature恒湿constanthumidity噪音noise隔音sound-proof吸音sound absorption露点dew point隔汽vapor-proofName Of Professional role职务名称项目经理project manager(PM)设计经理design manager首席建筑师principal architect总工程师chief engine

39、er土木工程师civil engineer工艺工程师process engineer电气工程师electrical engineer机械工程师mechanical engineer计划工程师planning engineer助理工程师assistant engineer实习生 probationer专家 specialist, expert制图员draftsman技术员technicianDrafting 制图总说明general specification工程说明project specification采用标准规范目录list of standards and specification

40、adopted图纸目录list of drawings平面图 plan局部放大图detail with enlarged scale平面示意图schematic plan of.平剖面图sectional plan of.留孔平面图plan of provision of holes剖面section纵剖面longitudinal section横剖面cross (transverse) section立面elevation正立面front elevation透视图perspective drawing侧立面side elevation详图 detail drawings典型节点typical

41、 detail节点号 detail No.首页 front page图纸目录及说明list of contents and description图例legend示意图 diagram草图sketch荷载简图load diagram流程示意图flow diagram标准图standard drawing布置图layout of .地形图topographical map土方工程图earth-work drawing展开图developed drawing模板图formwork drawing配筋arrangement of reinforcement表格tables工程进度表working s

42、chedule技术经济指标technical and economical index建、构筑物一览表list of buildings and structures编号 coding序列号serial No.行和栏rows and columns备注remarks等级grade直线straight Line曲线curves曲折线zigzag line虚线dotted line实线solid line影线hatching line点划线 dot and dash line轴线axis等高线contour Line中心线center Line双曲线hyperbola抛物线parabola切线ta

43、ngent Line尺寸线dimension Line园形round环形annular方形square矩形rectangle平行四边形parallelogram三角形triangle五角形pentagon六角形hexagon八角形octagon梯形trapezoid圆圈circle弓形sagment扇形sector球形的spherical抛物面paraboloid圆锥形cone椭圆形ellipse, oblong面积area体积volume容量capacity重量weight质量mass力 force米 meter厘米centimeter毫米millimeter公顷 hectate牛顿/平方米

44、Newton/square meter千克/立方米kilogram/cubic meter英尺foot英寸inch磅 pound吨 ton加仑gallon千磅kip平均尺寸average dimension变尺寸 variable dimension外形尺寸overall dimension展开尺寸developed dimension内径inside diameter外径outside diameter净重net weight毛重gross weight数量quantity百分比 percentage净空clearance净高headroom净距 clear distance净跨clear

45、span截面尺寸sectional dimension开间bay进深depth单跨single span双跨double span多跨multi-span标高elevation, level绝对标高absolute elevation设计标高designed elevation室外地面标高ground elevation室内地面标高floor elevation柱网column grid坐标coordinate厂区占地site area使用面积usable area辅助面积service area通道面积passage area管架pipe rack管廊pipeline gallery架空管线overhead pipeline排水沟 drain ditch集水坑 sump pit喷泉fountain地漏 floor drain消火栓fire hydra