英语专业综合教程2Unit8focus on global warming（课堂PPT）

1、Unit 8Unit 8Audiovisual supplementCultural informationWatch the video and answer the following questions.1. Where is the place in the video?2. Is it possible that our planet will be like this in the future? Why?The earth. But not the same earth where we are living now. In the video, there are rubbis

2、h and dust everywhere. And the city may have been abandoned, because there is nobody on the street but a robot.Its quite possible. Human beings have caused too many troubles to the Earth: air and water pollution, energy crisis, global warming, etc.Audiovisual supplementCultural informationAudiovisua

3、l supplementCultural informationSinging:Close your eyes and see it listen, Barnaby. Listen, Barnaby! Put on your Sunday clothes. Theres lots of world out there. Get out the brilliantine and dime cigars. Were gonna find adventure in the evening air. Girls in white in a perfumed night where the lights

4、 are bright as the stars. Put on your Sunday clothes. Were gonna ride through town in one of those new horsedrawn open cars. Well see the shows at Delmonicos. And well close the town in a whirl. And we wont come home until weve kissed a girl .Audiovisual supplementCultural informationGlobal warming

5、is the increase in the average temperature of Earths near-surface air and oceans since the mid-20th century and its projected continuation. Most of the observed temperature increase since the middle of the 20th century was caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases, which results from h

6、uman activity such as fossil fuel burning and deforestation. Global warmingAudiovisual supplementCultural informationAn increase in global temperature will cause sea levels to rise and will change the amount and pattern of precipitation, probably including expansion of subtropical deserts. Warming i

7、s expected to be the strongest in the Arctic and would be associated with continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely effects include changes in the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, species extinctions, and changes in agricultural yields. Structural analysi

8、sText analysis1. From which perspectives does the text address the issue of global warming?The text addresses the issue from three perspectives the general public concern, its causes and consequences, and practical actions to tackle the problem.Structural analysisText analysis2. Whats the authors pu

9、rpose of writing? To raise peoples consciousness of the potential dangers of global warming, and to suggest some actions to combat it.ParagraphsMain idea1-23-78-11The author tells the reason why people are now increasingly concerned about global warming.The author traces the causes of global warming

10、 and discusses the consequences of it.The author puts forward some suggestions on what is to be done.1. Divide the text into parts by completing the table.Text analysisStructural analysis2. Figure out the sub-ideas in the second part.1) the causes of the rising concentration of greenhouse gases in t

11、he atmosphere (Paragraphs 3 and 4)2) the effect of such concentration on climate change (Paragraphs 5 and 6)3) the potential threat of global warming to human health and survival (Paragraph 7)Main ideaStructural analysis1 Twenty-five years ago if you made a trip to the local library and perused the

12、periodical section for articles on global warming, youd probably have come up with only a few abstracts from hardcore science journals or maybe a blurb in some esoteric geopolitical magazine. As an Internet search on global warming now attests, the subject has become as rooted in our public consciou

13、sness as Madonna or microwave cooking.Focus on Global WarmingDetailed readingJohn Weier2 Perhaps all this attention is deserved. With the possible exception of another world war, giant asteroid, or an incurable plague, global warming may be the single largest threat to our planet. For decades human

14、factories and cars have spewed billions of tons of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, and the climate has begun to show some signs of warming. Many see this as a harbinger of what is to come. If we dont curb our greenhouse gas emissions, then low-lying nations could be awash in seawater, rain and

15、 drought patterns across the world could change, hurricanes could become more frequent, and El Ninos could become more intense. Detailed reading3 What has worried many people now is that over the past 250 years humans have been artificially raising the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosp

16、here. Our factories, power plants, and cars burn coal and gasoline and spit out a seemingly endless stream of carbon dioxide. We produce millions of pounds of methane by allowing our trash to decompose in landfills and by breeding large herds of methane-belching cattle. Nitrogen-based fertilizers, w

17、hich we use on nearly all our crops, release unnatural amounts of nitrogen oxide into the atmosphere.Detailed readingOur Warming Planet4 Once these carbon-based greenhouse gases get into the atmosphere, they stay there for decades or longer. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

18、 (IPCC) since the industrial revolution, carbon dioxide levels have increased 31 percent and methane levels have increased 151 percent. Paleoclimate readings taken from fossil records show that these gases, two of the most abundant greenhouse gases, are at their highest levels in the past 420,000 ye

19、ars. Many scientists fear that the increased concentrations of greenhouse gases have prevented additional thermal radiation from leaving the Earth. In essence, these gases are trapping excess heat in the Earths atmosphere in much the same way that a windshield traps solar energy that enters a car.De

20、tailed reading5 Much of the available climate data appear to back these fears. Temperature data gathered from many different sources all across the globe show that the surface temperature of the Earth, which includes the lower atmosphere and the surface of the ocean, has risen dramatically over seve

21、ral decades. Worldwide measurements of sea level show a rise of 0.1 to 0.2 meters over the last century. Thats an increase of roughly 1 every 4,000 years. Readings gathered from glaciers reveal a steady recession of the worlds continental glaciers. Taken together, all of these data suggest that over

22、 the last century the planet has experienced the largest increase in surface temperature in 1,000 years.Detailed readingDetailed reading6 Not surprisingly, many scientists speculate that such changes in the climate will probably result in hotter days and fewer cool days. According to the IPCC, land

23、surface areas will increase in temperature over the summer months much more than the ocean. The mid-latitude to high-latitude regions in the Northern Hemisphere areas such as the Continental United States, Canada, and Siberia will likely warm the most. These regions could exceed mean global warming

24、by as much as 40 percent.7 As far as human health is concerned, those hit hardest will probably be residents of poorer countries that do not have the funds to fend against changes in climate. A slight increase in heat and rain in equatorial regions would likely spark an increase in vector-borne dise

25、ases such as malaria. More intense rains and hurricanes could cause more severe flooding and more deaths in coastal regions and along riverbeds. Even a moderate rise in sea level could threaten the coastlines of low-lying islands such as the Maldives. All across the globe, hotter summers could lead

26、to more cases of heatstroke and deaths among those who are vulnerable, such as older people with heart problems. Detailed readingThe warmer temperatures may also lead to higher levels of near-surface ozone from cars and factories, which would likely cause more perilous air quality days and hospital

27、admissions for those with respiratory problems.Detailed readingTaking Actions8 Fortunately, we can take actions to slow down global warming. Global warming results primarily from human activities that release heat-trapping gases and particles into the air. The most important causes include the burni

28、ng of fossil fuels such as coal, gas, and oil, and deforestation. To reduce the emission of heat-trapping gases like carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxides, we can curb our consumption of fossil fuels, use technologies that reduce the amount of emissions wherever possible, and protect the fores

29、ts in the world.9 We can also do things to mitigate the impacts of global warming and adapt to those most likely to occur, e.g., through careful planning and other strategies that reduce our vulnerability to global warming.10 But we cant stop there. We are also advocating policies that will combat g

30、lobal warming over the long term, things like clean cars that run on alternative fuels, environmentally responsible renewable energy technologies, and stopping the clear-cutting of valuable forests.Detailed reading11 Clearly, global warming is a huge problem. It will take everyone governments, indus

31、try, communities and individuals working together to make a real difference. Fortunately you can be part of them.Detailed readingWhy have people shown increasing concern about global warming?The answer lies in the second paragraph: it is a harbinger of what is to come the threat to low-lying nations

32、, change of rain and drought patterns, frequent hurricanes and intense El Ninos.Detailed readingDetailed readingHow does the rising concentration of greenhouse gases cause the change in climate?The rising concentration of greenhouse gases, which is primarily caused by high levels of carbon dioxide a

33、nd methane in the atmosphere, is trapping excess heat (from the sun) and preventing it from leaving the Earth, hence creating global warming.Detailed readingClimate ChangesHealth Damagesslight increase in heat and rainmoderate rise in sea levelmore intense rain and hurricanesan increase in vector di

34、seases such as malariathreat to the coastlines of low-lying islandssevere flooding and more deathshotter summers and warmer temperatures across the globemore cases of heat stroke and deaths; more hospital admissions for those with respiratory problemsComplete the following table with possible health

35、 damages caused by climate changes.What are the immediate actions that we should take?We should take such immediate actions as a) cutting our consumption of fossil fuels, b) using technologies to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases, and c) protecting our forests.Detailed reading1. What does “ada

36、pt to those most likely to occur” mean?It means “do things to get ourselves prepared for the situations that are most likely to occur.”Detailed reading2. What are the long-term policies that should be worked out? We should encourage people to use environmentally clean fuels and technologies, and sto

37、p the clear-cutting of forests.peruse vt.to read through something, especially in order to find the part you are interested ine.g.He opened a newspaper and began to peruse the personal ads.Derivation:perusal n.Detailed readinge.g.a brief perusal He sent a copy of the report to the governors for thei

38、r perusal.periodical n.a publication that appears at fixed intervals, esp. one of a serious kinde.g.She has written for several legal periodicals.Detailed readingDerivation:period n.periodic a. occurring or appearing at (esp. regular) intervals 定期的，周期的定期的，周期的periodically ad.Detailed readingcome up w

39、ithto think of an idea, plan, reply, etc.e.g.No one has come up with a convincing explanation of why dinosaurs died out.The scientists are beating their brains trying to come up with a solution to the problem.Detailed readingattest vt. / vi.to demonstrate, to declare to be truee.g.The luxurious furn

40、ishings attested to the familys wealth.The perfection of their design is attested by the fact that they have survived for thousands of years.Collocation:attest (to) sth.Derivation:attestation n.consciousness n.1) the condition of being awake and understanding what is happeninge.g. When will the pati

41、ent regain his consciousness?The blow caused him to lose consciousness.Detailed reading2) all the ideas, thoughts, feelings, etc. of a person or peoplee.g. Love for freedom runs deep in the national consciousness.This experience helped to change her social consciousness.Detailed readingCollocation:c

42、onsciousness of sth. / that awareness of sth. / that regain / recover consciousness 恢复意识，恢复知觉恢复意识，恢复知觉lose consciousness 失去意识，失去知觉失去意识，失去知觉e.g.Her consciousness that shes different makes her feel uneasy.Antonym:unconsciousnessDetailed readingComparison:subconscious a. 潜意识的潜意识的conscience n. 良心良心consc

43、ientious a. （指人或行为）认真的，尽责的（指人或行为）认真的，尽责的Detailed readingExercise: Fill in each blank with a proper word from the box.conscious subconscious conscience conscientious1. Our mind registers things which our mind is not aware of. 2. My brother is a student. 3. My would really trouble me if I wore a fur c

44、oat. subconscious_conscious_conscientious_conscience_The money is only given to the most deserving cases to the people who need it most. His efforts are certainly deserving of praise.Detailed readingdeserve vt. to be worthy ofe.g.Im glad she got the first prize at the English Speech Contest she thor

45、oughly deserved it.I said some cruel things to him, but he deserved it for the way he treated me.Derivation:deserving a.e.g.Detailed readingShe left the country under threat of arrest if she returned.threat n. a strong possibility that something very bad will happene.g.With so many new offices being

46、 built in the city, a lot of archaeological remains are under threat.Drunken drivers pose a serious threat to other road users.Collocation:be under threat of sth.e.g.Derivation:threaten v.threatening a.with the exception of except, not includinge.g. I think every student, with the exception of Helen

47、, will pass the exam.With the exception of gold, the surfaces of metals are never observed but only their oxides.Detailed readingCollocation:without exceptionhave no exceptionexception to sth.make an exceptionDetailed readingspew vt. to pour out, esp. quickly and violentlye.g. One engine of the plan

48、e caught fire and spewed black smoke.He spewed forth what he had recently learned about the true facts.Collocation:spew sth. up to vomitDetailed readingharbinger n. something that indicates or foreshadows what is to comee.g. The crowing of the rooster is a harbinger of dawn.Frost is a harbinger of w

49、inter.Collocation:harbinger of sb. / sth.Detailed readingcurb vt. to stop something that is harmfule.g.This government has made pioneering strides towards curbing air pollution.The only way to curb the spread of the disease is by immunizing the entire population.emission n. the act of sending forth;

50、 dischargee.g.The Green Party have called for a substantial reduction in the emission of greenhouse gases by the UK.Detailed readingThe alarm emits infra-red rays which are used to detect any intruder.The machine emits a high-pitched sound when you press the button.Derivation:emit v.e.g.Detailed rea

51、dingDiscussionWhat kind of periodical do you usually peruse? Why do you like that periodical? What thoughts do you come up with after reading that periodical? Share your favorite periodical with your group members and try to use the following words and expressions when discussing.peruse come up with

52、 periodical consciousness attest deserve with the exception of threat spew harbinger curb emissionDetailed reading而今因特网上搜索的结果足以证明，全球气候变暖这个而今因特网上搜索的结果足以证明，全球气候变暖这个话题就像麦当娜和微波炉烹饪一样深入人心。话题就像麦当娜和微波炉烹饪一样深入人心。As an Internet search on global warming now attests, the subject has become as rooted in our publi

53、c consciousness as Madonna or microwave cooking.Paraphrase:An Internet search on global warming proves that the subject has got fixed in peoples mind, just like Madonna or microwave cooking.Translation: Detailed reading除了可能再一次发生的世界大战，一颗巨大的行星撞击除了可能再一次发生的世界大战，一颗巨大的行星撞击地球或是一场无法医治的瘟疫侵袭之外，全球变暖差不地球或是一场无法医

54、治的瘟疫侵袭之外，全球变暖差不多是我们星球面临的最大威胁。多是我们星球面临的最大威胁。With the possible exception of another world war, a giant asteroid, or an incurable plague, global warming may be the single largest threat to our planet.Translation: Detailed reading很多人都将此视为一种不祥的征兆。很多人都将此视为一种不祥的征兆。Many see this as a harbinger of what is to

55、 come.Translation: Detailed readingEl NinoExplanation:El Nino is an irregularly occurring and complex series of climatic changes affecting the equatorial Pacific region and beyond every few years, characterized by the appearance of unusually warm, nutrient-poor water off northern Peru and Ecuador, t

56、ypically in late December.Detailed readingconcentration n.1) the relative amount of a particular substance contained within a solution or mixture or in a particular volume of spacee.g.The pesticide has reached a dangerous concentration in the lake water.Collocation:concentration on / of sth.2) (powe

57、r) of concentrating (on sth.)e.g.I find that yoga improves my powers of concentration.Detailed readingdecompose v.1) (cause to) decaye.g.The meat began to decompose after some time in the sun.Derivation: decomposition n.2) to separate into components or basic elementse.g.Microbes decompose organic w

58、aste into a mixture of methane and carbon dioxide.Synonym:decay, rot, break downAntonym:composeDetailed readingbreedvi. (of animals) produce younge.g.The blackbird, like most birds, breeds in the spring.vt. 1) to keep animals for the purpose of producing young animals in a controlled waye.g.His main

59、 income comes from breeding cattle.2) to cause something to happen, usually something bade.g.Unemployment breeds social unrest.Detailed readingCollocation:born and bred: born, brought up and educated (in a specified place or manner)e.g.He was born and bred a gentleman.Derivation:breed n.breeder n. b

60、reeding n.release vt. let a substance spread into atmosphere, esp. as part of a chemical reactione.g. Oil was released into the sea.An explosion is caused by the very rapid release of a large amount of energy.Detailed readingCollocation:release something into somethingDerivation:release n.Detailed r