研究生英语读写译第二版1-7课练习参考答案和参考译文

1、研究生英语期末考试的形式与内容稍有改动：1.词汇（第1-5单元课文A中的单词，10%）2.阅读理解（课外，40%）3.翻译（第1-3单元的课文，20%）4.写作（阅读一篇与第4、5单元课文A的主题相关的中文文章，用英文写summary，30%）由此带来的不便，请老师们谅解。研究生英语读写译教程（第二版）练习参考答案及参考译文（注：第二版只有第六单元为全新单元，其余单元只是有些调整。）各单元练习答案UNIT ONE STAY HUNGRY. STAY FOOLISH.COMPREHENSION1 He dropped out of Reed College because he did not

2、see the value of it. (The answer to the second part of the question is open.)2 Life was tough he slept on the floor in friends rooms, he returned coke bottles and he walked 7 miles to get one good free meal3 He cited the example to demonstrate that what he had learned in his calligraphy class worked

3、 when designing the first Macintosh computer. 4 Jobs first story tells that the dots will somehow connect in your future. (What you have learned/experienced might help in your future career.)5 He was publicly out. (The company that he and Woz established dismissed him.) The fact that he still loved

4、what he did made him start over again. 6 He has learned a good lesson from his failure.7 Do the things we love to do.8 Open.9 Open.10 Open. (We should always want more, never be content and when we want to do something that others say is foolish, do it anyway.)VOCABULARY AND STRUCTUREA1 naively 2 cu

5、riosity 3 combination 4 let down 5 vision 6 baton 7 creative 8 mirror 9 trap 10 inventionB1 drowned out 2 tuition 3 Commencement 4 deposit 5 typography 6 make way for 7 animation 8 intuition 9 destination 10 divergeC 1 follow: orders, rules, advice, fads, an ideal, ones instinct2 trust in: honesty,

6、the Lord, power, intuition, sixth sense3 wear out, fade out, put out, make out, get out, break out4 play writer/playwright, speedwriter, blog writer, letter writer, editorial writer5 habitual, textual, accentual, sexual, spiritual, conceptual6 shocking, stunning, eye-catching, astonishing, striking,

7、 dazzlingSPEAKING: Open.TRANSLATIONA1热烈的鼓掌 2波涛汹涌的海面 3熟睡 4烟瘾大的人 5油腻而难消化的食物 6烈酒 7悲痛的消息 8沉闷冗长的读物 9化重水10他在一家法国银行拥有外国人账户。11那老实的男孩毫无隐讳地说明了他的行为。12他突然感到一阵莫明其妙的不安情绪。13脚踩两条凳,早晚要坠地（即：脚踏两条船）。14骄者必败。15 我们遇到一对从巴黎来的夫妇，他们很有趣。B 见译文部分。WRITING A1. I was asked to do the assignment. So I think there are three reasons fo

8、r the failure in the experiment.2. Although I worked hard to acquire more knowledge, I couldnt improve my English.3. Though.4. therefore-However5. If we compare the number of people who worked in this department between 2001 and 2003, it only increased from five people to twenty but the orders were

9、twice more.6. We have three ways of recruitment. The first is the recruitment agency, which we used two years ago. The expenditure was very high and the people provided were not very suitable. The second is online recruitment. We have never used this method before, so we cannot say this is good or n

10、ot. However, online recruitment is risky because of the unbelievable resources of the applicants.7. are-is8. including-include9. has a negative impact, have a positive and powerful effect10. There never seems to be anything worth watching on television. Young people tend to listen to the radio more

11、than older age groups while older people find it more enjoyable to chat with people of their age.UNIT TWO TWO TRUTHS TO LIVE BYCOMPREHENSION1. According to Rabbi Alexander Schindler, we should hold fast to many gifts such as beauty, love.2. The author exploits the parable of open and closed hand in

12、the very beginning of the text to control the idea of the whole text. “Life is a paradox”, because it encourages us to grasp its many gifts although it predetermines their final disappearance.3. The author tells the audience his experience in hospital to prove the fact that people are indifferent to

13、 the grandeur of each day, and nobody sees the beauty of sunlight or responds to it.4. According to the author, people are reluctant to accept losses and failures because they think that the world is theirs to command especially when they are young.5. Since all of us will perish in the end, we must

14、seek a wider perspective, viewing our lives as through windows that open on eternity, whereby to reconcile on lifes paradoxical demands. Though our lives are finite, our deeds on earth weave a timeless pattern. 6. Life is a process. During the process, we should hold fast to life, but not so fast th

15、at we cannot let go; we must accept our losses, and learn how to let go.7. According to the author, we should pursue the ideal, for ideals alone invest life with meaning and are of enduring worth.8. Alexander Schindler encourages the students to exalt above their personal considerations and to perfe

16、ct the present world. 9. There is strong religious color in the text. Alexander Schindler asks us to hold fast to Gods gifts, to be reverent before each dawning day, to view our lives as through windows that open on eternity, and to add religion to the humblest of edifices.10. The author delivers th

17、is speech to the university students in order to teach them how to cope with lifes paradoxical problems in a wise way, and what to pursue. VOCABULARY AND STRUCTUREA1. renounce 2. tender 3. petty 4. relish 5. gleaned6. abounds in 7. parable 8. evanescent 9. redeem 10. sanctuaryB1. indifference to 2.

18、Preoccupied 3. redeem 4. clinging to 5. relentless6. paradox 7. ordained 8. wanes 9. exalted 10. dawn/have dawned onC1. the meaning the opportunity the door happiness the purpose2. the question the jokes the advertisement the film the lecture3. run drive speak sail stick4. arrival survival refusal a

19、pproval renewal5. restless priceless endless homeless aimless6. widen quicken deepen lengthen shortenSPEAKING: OPENTRANSLATIONA1成功与否取决于她的努力。2她把窗子打开，让新鲜空气进来。3他不抽烟，但他父亲烟抽得很凶4人们之所以关注历史研究的方法，主要是因为史学家们内部分歧过大，其次才是因为外界并不认识历史是一门学科。5由于人口的猛增或大量人口流动（现代交通工具使大量人口流动变得相对容易）所造成的种种问题也会增加社会压力。6只要拨对了号码，你就可以在家里电视机上选看到有

20、远方城市一座图书馆发出的预先录制的一出戏、一堂打高尔夫球的讲课，或者一次物理学演讲。7只要一发现有可能反对他的人，他就本能地要用他的魅力和风趣将这人争取过来。8她苍白的脸色清楚地表明了她那时的心情。9独立思考对学习是绝对必需的。10新主席有礼貌地前来拜访受害者，获得了他们的一些好感。B 见译文部分。TEXT BREADING COMPREHENSION1. The Chinese view of life and things presented in the passage is expressed by the best and wisest Chinese minds in their

21、folk wisdom and their literature.2. Chinese poets and scholars present a view of life through their common sense, their realism and their sense of poetry.3. The nature of Chinese philosophy is an idle philosophy born of an idle life.4. The Chinese philosophers waking life is characterized by a dream

22、-world quality, and he sees the happenings and his own efforts as futile.(or useless)5. The highest ideal of Chinese culture is represented by a sense of detachment toward life and high-mindedness.6. The sense of detachment toward life results in the sense of freedom, love of vagabondage, pride and

23、nonchalance.7. “Wake up and live” implies that a wise proportion of Americans dream the hours away.8. The national mind of Chinese is so racially different and historically isolated that new answers to the problems of life, new methods of approaches and new posing of problems are expected.9. For mos

24、t people, the Chinese mind is intensely practical, hard-headed; for the lovers of Chinese art, it is profoundly sensitive; and for a smaller proportion of people, it is poetic and philosophical.10. The Chinese as a nation has survived for four thousand years because the Chinese have a light, an almo

25、st gay philosophy rather than an efficient life.UNIT THREE A FEW WORDS FOR LOSINGCOMPREHENSION1 Because sport is mainly about “astonishing salaries, hugely lucrative endorsements, television contract using numbers one is more accustomed to seeing in textbooks on astronomy”.2 Because even the great w

26、inners finally lose.3 There is always a feeling of sadness after the game.4 Life for many athletes was much downhill.5 It means the rank or status of the team. （球队排名）6 Human limitations might bring some sad situations. 7 Some people are naturally gifted, but others are not.8 He would “fight” fearles

27、sly, but he didnt want it to be a “suicide attack”.9 Open.10 Open.VOCABULARY AND STRUCTUREA1 lucrative 2 mortal 3 instill 4 wind up 5 prowess 6 cowardly 7 cultivated 8 identified with 9 surmount 10 intactB1 inglorious 2 fraught 3 cultivated 4 groomed 5 outset 6 lucrative 7 tournament 8 intact 9 hang

28、 around 10 lapse intoSPEAKING: OPENTRANSLATIONA 1晚上在参加宴会，出席音乐会，观看乒乓球表演之后，他得起草最后公报。2这些早期的汽车速度缓慢，行动笨拙，效率不高。3遗憾的是，过去我们总的目标方面意见是一致的，但涉及各个具体目标时，意见就不一致了，因而也就根本不能采取什么行动。4我真替她万分担忧，但此时此地既不宜教训她一番，也不宜与她争论一通。5他们的主人，又是割啊，又是倒啊，又是上菜啊，又是切面包啊，又是说啊，又是笑啊，又是敬酒啊，忙个不停。6如果对自己的错误都不认识，怎么能悔恨和改正呢？7 欢迎他的只有几下轻轻地、零零落落、冷冷淡淡的掌声。8

29、勇敢过度，即成蛮勇；疼爱过度，即成溺爱；俭约过度，即成贪婪。B 见译文部分。UNIT FOUR THE FUTURE OF BOOKSCOMPREHENSION1. Umberto Eco classifies memory into three types: organic memory represented by human brain; mineral memory represented by clay tablets, obelisks and electronic memory of todays computer; and vegetal memory represented

30、by the first papyruses and books made of paper. 2. According to Umberto Eco, the libraries function as the places for conservation of books and have been the most important way of keeping our collective wisdom.3. “Universal brain” means a place where we can retrieve what we have forgotten and what w

31、e still do not know.4. According to paragraph 2, humans invent libraries because they know that they do not have divine powers, but they try to do their best to imitate them.5. In the computer and Internet era, libraries should not be abolished because they should survive as museums conserving the p

32、ast.6. Compared with reading on a computer screen, reading printed books is the better way for us to read carefully, to speculate and to reflect about what we are reading.7. Compared with computers, books have brought a lot of conveniences to humans computers cant: books still represent the most eco

33、nomical, flexible way to transport information at a very low cost; books travel with you and at your speed; it is a valuable instrument and the best companions for a shipwreck.8. Two industrially exploited inventions are as follows: one is printing on demand, namely, every book will be tailored acco

34、rding to the desires of the buyer; the other is the e-book which is useful for consulting information.9. “The idea that a new technology abolishes a previous one is frequently too simplistic.” What the author means is that there are a lot of new technological devices that have not made previous ones

35、 obsolete, that in the history of culture it has never been the case that something has simply killed something else. Rather, a new invention has always profoundly changed an older one.10. In the computer and internet era, people fear the physical disappearance of books and printed material; but pri

36、nted books have a future because computers encourage the production of printed material.VOCABULARY AND STRUCTUREA 1. organic 2. designate 3. emulate 4. abolish 5. speculated6. shipwreck 7. manuscript 8. masterpiece 9.obsolete 10. contribute toB1. option 2. flexible 3. reproduce 4. preservation 5. re

37、trieve6. divine 7. diffuse 8. on the verge of 9. browse 10. memoryC1. poverty errors enemies a possibility inequality2. a group an organization a club an association a tribe3. act for answer for stand for long for prepare for4. eyepiece timepiece showpiece seapiece centerpiece5. predictable preschoo

38、l prewar previous preliminary6. reproduce revise remove review rewriteSPEAKING: OPENTRANSLATIONA1 凡是犯了错就应勇于承认。2没有下雪，但叶落草枯。3人生的意义不在于已经获取的，而在于渴望得到什么样的东西。4读书只能给智能提供知识的材料，思想才能把我们所读的东西变成自己的。5仍然具有这种信念，普通的人要比自然的力量或人类造出来的机器更伟大，而且最终会控制它们。6她的黑发蓬蓬松松地飘拂在前额上，脸是短短的，上唇也是短短的，露出一排闪亮的牙齿，眉毛又直又黑，睫毛又长又黑，鼻子笔直。B 见课文译文Unit

39、 five Scientists, scholars, knaves and foolsComprehension 1(a). What relationship between science and the humanities can you learn from the first paragraph? To some degree, science and the humanities have the same concern: The question raised by science is the most important that can be asked in phi

40、losophy and religion. In his book Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge, Wilson shows how various fields of inquiry, and especially the humanities and sciences, intersect with each other.1(b). Do you think science and religion can be reconciled? (Open.) 2(a). What criteria does Author apply when disti

41、nguishing science from pseudoscience? In para.2, the author mentions five diagnostic features as the criteria to distinguish science from pseudoscience: repeatability, economy, mensuration, heuristics and consilience.2(b). Some label Acupuncture, Qigong, and Chinese Medicine as pseudoscience. Do you

42、 agree? Open.3(a). What point does Author make in paragraph 4 and paragraph 5? The author gives the topic sentence The work of real science is hard and often for long intervals frustrating at the beginning of para.4. 3(b). How does he backup his viewpoint? In para.4, the author lists and analyses th

43、e reasons why its hard. In Para.5, the author develops the point by drawing on his own experience and quoting.3(c). What example and quote does he use? The example is from his own experience of counseling new Ph.D.s in biology. The quotation is from Percy Bridgman: The scientific method is doing you

44、r damnedest, no holds barred. 4. Paragraph 6-8 discuss original discovery. How do these paragraphs relate to one another?Para.6 first introduces the topic sentence Original discovery is everything and then explains how the priority of making original discovery defines the process of scientific resea

45、rch. Para7 and para.8 are about the importance of original discovery and they are related by two sentences of the same structure which introduce two opposite conditions and thus form a sharp contrast (make an important discovery, and .; Fail to discover, and.).5(a). According to Alfred North Whitehe

46、ad, why do scientists learn what they need to know while remaining poorly informed about the rest of the world? Its because scientists are mainly concerned about making discovery. They have to concentrate on the part that is needed in the discovery while ignoring the rest.5(b). What does the greetin

47、g question What are you working on reveal?It reveals the fact that what they are doing are of the same nature (making discoveries) and scientists are quite aware what is common among them. 6(a). Will scientists content themselves with the discoveries they have made? Why? No, they wont. Scientists wh

48、o have already made some important discoveries are always strongly motivated and they are ready to set new goals and make continuous efforts.6(b). Whats the difference between scientists and scholars in humanities?According to Wilson, their research is of different nature: for scholars in the humani

49、ties the most valuable work is interpreting and explaining the existing factual knowledge while for scientists original discovery is everything.7. Can scientists be defined as a social group with a set of beliefs, characters and motivations peculiar to them? No, they cant. No particular beliefs, cha

50、racters and motivations can be identified as the defining features. (See Para. 9-11)8(a). In what sense is scientific research an art? There is no limitation on how to make a discovery. Scientists enjoy the freedom of applying different thinking skills and styles just like an artist.8(b). What scien

51、tists should do in order to be highly successful?A scientist who wants to achieve great success should not be afraid of trying new research areas where no previous research can be referred to and he has to decide everything by himself in the exploration.8(c). According to the author, what intelligen

52、ce level does normal science require? Why? The author mentions it as optimum intelligence: On the one hand he should have the adequate intelligence which allows him to do some basic scientific research; on the other, his intelligence level should not be above the one for normal science, otherwise, h

53、e would find the mediocre work intolerably boring.9(a). What advice does the author give to the novice scientists? The author gives a lot of advice in the last paragraph. Its mainly about how to do scientific research and how to make your work known to and accepted by other scientists.9(b). Suppose

54、you have the plan to pursue academic study, what difficulties do you think you would have? (Open.)10. Paraphrase the following figurative sentences:a. Science is the sword in the stone that humanity finally pulled.Science is the tool that the human race finally possesses. It has great potentials and

55、 is believed to empower and benefit mankind.b. They spread out like foragers on a picket line, each alone or in small groups probing a carefully chosen, narrow sector.Similar to those who scatter around the rope along which horses are tied and begin to search widely for food or provisions, scientist

56、s, with particular research tasks in their minds, either working individually or cooperating with others, are desperate to make discoveries.c. They are fellow prospectors pressing deeper into an abstracted world, content most of the time to pick up an occasional nugget but dreaming of the mother lode.Like those who work together to search for minerals, they push themselves forward and explore deeply into their research areas. They feel satisfied whenever there is a clue to their research, but they would not stop moving forward until real breakthroughs are made.d. Some are as stol