英语和汉语的区别2

1、英语和汉语的区别英语和汉语的区别Lesson One (2) Main Differences Between Chinese & EnglishFLTO of Beijing Administrative College, JZW1/13/2022 11:56:38 PMMain Content一、英语重结构，汉语重语义一、英语重结构，汉语重语义二、英语多长句，汉语多短句二、英语多长句，汉语多短句三、英语多从句，汉语多分句三、英语多从句，汉语多分句 四、英语多代词，汉语多名词四、英语多代词，汉语多名词五、英语多被动，汉语多主动五、英语多被动，汉语多主动六、英语多变化，汉语多重复六、英语多变化

2、，汉语多重复七、英语多抽象，汉语多具体七、英语多抽象，汉语多具体八、英语多引申，汉语多推理八、英语多引申，汉语多推理九、英语多省略，汉语多补充九、英语多省略，汉语多补充十、英语多前重心，汉语多后重心十、英语多前重心，汉语多后重心nChildren will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smel

3、l television, and digital age will have arrived. 一、英语重结构，汉语重语义一、英语重结构，汉语重语义nIn the doorway lay at least twelve umbrellas of all sizes and colors.n门口放着一堆雨伞，少说有十二把，五颜六色，门口放着一堆雨伞，少说有十二把，五颜六色，大小不一。大小不一。 二、英语多长句，汉语多短句二、英语多长句，汉语多短句nCan you answer a question which I want to ask and which is puzzling me？n我有

4、一个问题弄不懂，想请教你，你能回答吗？我有一个问题弄不懂，想请教你，你能回答吗？ 三、英语多从句，汉语多分句三、英语多从句，汉语多分句nThere will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend.四、英语多代词，汉语多名词四、英语多代词，汉语多名词n下面我们先看一组常用被动句型的汉译：下面我们先看一组常用被动句型的汉译：nIt is said that.nIt is believed that.nIt

5、is reported that.nIt is estimated that.nIt must be pointed out that.nIt must be admitted that.五、英语多被动，汉语多主动五、英语多被动，汉语多主动nIt is suggested that.nIt is agreed that.nIt can not be denied that.nIt will be seen from this that.nIt should be realized that.nIt is (always) stressed that.nIt is (generally) con

6、sidered that.五、英语多被动，汉语多主动五、英语多被动，汉语多主动nIt must have been taken away by him.n那一定是那一定是(被被)他拿走了。他拿走了。nYou will be drowned if you are not careful.n若是不小心，你就会若是不小心，你就会(被被)淹死。淹死。nIn the development of social economy, the culture tradition must be kept.n在社会经济发展过程中，文化传统必须在社会经济发展过程中，文化传统必须(被被)保保持。持。五、英语多被动，汉

7、语多主动五、英语多被动，汉语多主动n The monkeys most extraordinary accomplishment was learning to operate a tractor. By the age of nine, the monkey had learned to solo on the vehicle. 六、英语多变化，汉语多重复六、英语多变化，汉语多重复nUntil such time as mankind has the sense to lower its population to the points where the planet can provid

8、e a comfortable support for all, people will have to accept more “unnatural food.”七、英语多抽象，汉语多具体七、英语多抽象，汉语多具体n我们看一看我们看一看sure这个词在不同句子中的含义：这个词在不同句子中的含义： nI am not quite sure of his having said it.n我不能我不能确定确定他是否说过这话。他是否说过这话。nThis is the surest guarantee that we shall be successful.n这是我们取得成功最这是我们取得成功最可靠的

9、可靠的保证保证。八、英语多引申，汉语多推理八、英语多引申，汉语多推理nHe made a sure step out of the mud.n他从泥淖中跨出了他从泥淖中跨出了稳健稳健的的一步。一步。nShe had a sure grasp of the subject.n她对于这门学科的知识掌握得很她对于这门学科的知识掌握得很牢固牢固。nHe is very sure in his beliefs.n他的信仰十分他的信仰十分坚定坚定。八、英语多引申，汉语多推理八、英语多引申，汉语多推理nAmbition is the mother of destruction as well as of e

10、vil.n野心不仅是罪恶的根源，同时也是毁灭的根源。野心不仅是罪恶的根源，同时也是毁灭的根源。nReading exercises ones eyes; speaking, ones tongue; while writing, ones mind.(F. Bacon)n阅读训练人的眼睛，说话训练人的口齿，写作阅读训练人的眼睛，说话训练人的口齿，写作训练人的思维。训练人的思维。九、英语多省略，汉语多补充九、英语多省略，汉语多补充nAssociation with the good can only produce good, with the wicked, evil.n近朱者赤，近墨者黑。近

11、朱者赤，近墨者黑。nOne boy is a boy, two boys half a boy, three boys no boy.n一个和尚挑水吃，两个和尚抬水吃，三个和尚一个和尚挑水吃，两个和尚抬水吃，三个和尚没水吃。没水吃。 九、英语多省略，汉语多补充九、英语多省略，汉语多补充nI was all the more delighted when, as a result of the initiative of your Government it proved possible to reinstate (恢复恢复) the visit so quickly.十、英语多前重心，汉语多

12、后重心十、英语多前重心，汉语多后重心nA. 英语句型的基本结构英语句型的基本结构: nSV, SVO, SVP, SVOO, SVOCn1. S（主）（主） + Vi（不及物动词）（不及物动词）+ nBirds sing beautifully. nHe went on holiday. nWe stopped to have a rest. nIll go swimming.英语和汉语结构上的差异英语和汉语结构上的差异n2. S (主）主）+ Vt （及物动词）（及物动词）+ O（宾）（宾） nI like music. nI want to help him.nI dont know wh

13、at to do. nI enjoy living here. nI dont think (that) he is right. 英语和汉语结构上的差异英语和汉语结构上的差异n3. S（主）（主）+ Lv（系动词）（系动词）+ P（表）（表） nThis is mine. nShe is beautiful. nClass is over. nHe is in good health. nThe film is interesting.英语和汉语结构上的差异英语和汉语结构上的差异n4. S + Vt + iO+ dOnI bought Mary a book. nHe bought a co

14、at for me. 英语和汉语结构上的差异英语和汉语结构上的差异n5. S + Vt+ O+ OC（宾补）（宾补） nHe painted the door greennShe always keeps everything in good order. nI wish you to stay. nI made him work nI heard my name called. nI feel something moving. 英语和汉语结构上的差异英语和汉语结构上的差异nB . 汉 语 句 型 的 基 本 结 构汉 语 句 型 的 基 本 结 构 : S V , T C / T R （T

15、opic+Comment/Theme+Rheme主题主题-评述评述句）句）, Zero-subjectn1. S+V （主谓结构）（主谓结构）n1) S+V: 他们没有来。他们没有来。nThey didnt come.英语和汉语结构上的差异英语和汉语结构上的差异n2) S+Vt+O: 全班都在看电视。全班都在看电视。nThe whole class are watching TV.n3) S+V+O+C: 我们听到许多人在公园里唱歌。我们听到许多人在公园里唱歌。nWe heard many people singing in the park.英语和汉语结构上的差异英语和汉语结构上的差异n4)

16、 S+V+iO+dO: 你能递给我那本词典吗？你能递给我那本词典吗？nWould you please pass me the dictionary?n5) S+LV+P: 她看上去很失望。她看上去很失望。nShe looks disappointed.英语和汉语结构上的差异英语和汉语结构上的差异n2. TC/TR n(Topic+Comment/Theme+Rheme主题主题-评述句评述句)n1）大象，鼻子长。）大象，鼻子长。nThe elephant has a long nose.n2）吃，北京很方便。）吃，北京很方便。n（“方便方便”指指“饭店容易找到饭店容易找到”-be availa

17、ble）nVarious restaurants are available in Beijing.英语和汉语结构上的差异英语和汉语结构上的差异n3）成百万原来享受免费医疗的城市居民，今）成百万原来享受免费医疗的城市居民，今后的医疗费用要自己承担一部分。后的医疗费用要自己承担一部分。n分析：享受免费医疗分析：享受免费医疗- be entitled to free medical care nMillions of urban residents who were entitled to free medical care will have to pay part of their medic

18、al expenses. 英语和汉语结构上的差异英语和汉语结构上的差异n4）出去吃饭，我请你。）出去吃饭，我请你。nIll invite you to dinner.英语和汉语结构上的差异英语和汉语结构上的差异n3. Zero-subject Structure（无主句）（无主句）n 火！注意！火！注意！nFire！Attention/Look out!n1）表达客观、科学、公正的语气）表达客观、科学、公正的语气n在海拔在海拔5000米的高空采集到了这种空气样本。米的高空采集到了这种空气样本。nThis air sample has been collected at the altitude of 5,000 meters above sea level.英语和汉语结构上的差异英语和汉语结构上的差异n2）表达不满，但不失礼貌的语气）表达不满，但不失礼貌的语气n为什么总把这些麻烦事退给我呢？为什么总把这些麻烦事退给我呢？nWhy are these troubles always left to me?n3）省略第一人称主语）省略第一人称主语“我我”或或“我们我们”n希望一切问题都会迎刃而解。希望一切问题都会迎刃而解。nI hope that all the problems will be readily sol