现在分词高中英语语法高三总复习

1、Present Participle现在分词现在分词 现在分词由动词加ing构成。 非谓语动词中的现在分词主要起形容词和副词的作用，在句中作定语、表语、补语或状语。 现在分词一. 构成形式 doing 现在分词表示主动的或进行的动作现在分词的两个基本特点 1. 在时间上表示动作在时间上表示动作正在进行正在进行。 例如： a developing country. 一个发展中的国家 boiling water 沸水 rising sun 冉冉升起的太阳 试比较： 一个发达国家 白开水 升起的太阳 a developed countryboiled waterrisen sun现在分词的两个基本特

2、点 在语态上表示主动。 例如： the ruling class 统治阶级 the exploiting class 剥削阶级。 试比较： 被统治阶级 被剥削阶级the ruled class the exploited class现在分词三. 时态与语态 所有否定式都是在ing前面加not 包括独立主格形式 现在分词各种形式 1、现在分词一般式所表示的动作通常与谓语动作词所表示的动作同时发生，有时也可能略早于或迟于谓语动作，但两者之间没有时间间隔。 例如: Dont you sit there doing nothing. 别什么也不干坐在那里。 It rained heavily, cau

3、sing severe flooding in that country. 雨下得很大，引发了村里严重的洪灾。现在分词各种形式 2、现在分词的完成式主要表示发生在谓语动作之前的动作。 例如: Having failed twice, he didnt want to try again. 他已经失败了两次，不想再试了。Having finished his homework, he went back home. 完成作业后，他回家。现在分词各种形式3、当现在分词的逻辑主语与现在分词为被动关系时，现在分词要用被动式。 例如: The house being built is a big pro

4、ject. * The question being discussed is of great importance. Having been warned by the teacher, the students didnt make such mistakes. Having been told many times, he still did not know how to do it. Not having finished his work，he could not leave the office.Exercises （1） _hard before, Tom is afraid

5、 of failing in the exam. A. Having been worked B. Not to have worked C. Having never worked D. Never have worked（2）He sent me an E-mail, _ to get further information.(2000上海卷)hoped B. hoping C. to hope D. hope（3）A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ in the kitchen. ( 03全国高考题)A. smoke B.

6、smoking C. to smoke D. smoked现在分词 作谓语*1. 主要构成各种进行时态 They are doing some pattern practice. She is seeing a friend off. Ill be waiting for you at the entrance. They have been designing a new jet plane. 现在分词 作谓语* 2. 构成不定式的进行形式 He seems to be worrying about something. Walter happened to be working in th

7、e next room. Theyre said to be making an important experiment. I dont want you to be wasting your time like this.现在分词 作表语1. 现在分词作表语多表示主语的特征，特别是那些表示情绪情绪的词。如amusing, discouraging, puzzling, refreshing, astonishing, exciting 等。 例如： The story is moving. The dirty street is disgusting. He was very amusin

8、g. This interruption is very annoying.现在分词 作表语 一些表示状态，品质的现在分词也可用作表语。 例如： The photograph is missing. She is always very obliging. That cake looks tempting. Is the matter pressing?现在分词 作定语 1. 现在分词作定语，通常放在所修饰词前，表示正在进行的或主动的动作，也可以说明被修饰词的性质和特征。 例如： The sleeping boy is Tom. He saw a flying bird and raised

9、his bow. I was satisfied with the exciting speech. 现在分词 作定语 2. 现在分词短语作定语放在所修饰词的后面，相当于定语从句。 例如 ： Tell the children playing outside not to make too much noise. There was a terrible noise following the sudden burst of light. (= Tell the children who are playing outside not to make too much noise. )现在分词

10、 作定语 现在分词可相当于非限制性定语，常用逗号分开。例如： Tom, wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill. (= Tom, who is wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill.) 现在分词 作定语3. 有时现在分词可以和副词或名词构成复合词作定语。 例如： This is an English-speaking country. 现在分词作定语的易错考点现在分词作定语的易错考点 注意注意1：现在分词的完成时不可作定语 那个在北京住了十年的男孩是我兄弟。 T

11、he boy who having lived in Beijing for ten years is my brother.现在分词作定语的易错考点现在分词作定语的易错考点 The boy who having lived in Beijing for ten years is my brother. 上句想用定语从句,但从句是应该用的是谓语形式,而上句用了having lived的现在分词形式,它是不能作谓语的.其实现在分词作定语就是表示正在发生,不可能用它的完成式来作定语.如果想表达已经.的人或事，必须用定语从句, 例如： The man living in this room is a

12、 teacher. 分词短语相当于who is living in this room. The man who has lived in this room for ten years is a teacher.这句中只能用定语从句来表示.不能用现在分词的完成式. 现在分词作定语的易错考点现在分词作定语的易错考点 注意注意2：在message，letter，sign，news，notice等媒体词后，用表示“说道、写道”的动词作定语来说明该名词的具体内容时，只能用现在分词而不用过去分词。 例如：（1）Yesterday I bought a book saying some parents

13、dont have enough time to stay with their children. （2）Peter received the letter just now saying his grandma would come to see him soon. 现在分词作定语的易错考点现在分词作定语的易错考点注意注意3. 某些现在分词作定语时，已不再表示动作，已经从分词变为了形容词词性。 例如： an interesting story an exciting match 这些也可以属于现在分词作定语，可以有三级变化（原级、比较级、最高级）和被某些副词如very修饰。现在分词 作状语

14、1. 现在分词作状语时，可作时间、条件、结果、原因和伴随状语，表示正在进行的或主动的动作。此时分词的逻辑主语就是主句的主语，因此要注意人称、时态和语态的一致性。 例如： The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, adding that he had enjoyed his stay here. Seeing from the top of the hill, we can find that the city looks more beautiful. 现在分词 作状语 作时间、条件、原因、让步状语事要位于

15、句首，且与后面用逗号隔开，能转换为一个相应的状语从句。 作结果、方式、伴随状语时要位于句尾，且与前面用逗号隔开，有时也可以不用 。现在分词 作状语 1）作时间状语）作时间状语 Walking on the street, I saw him. 当我在街上走时，我看到他了 当我要表达正在进行的动作时，我们可以在分词前面加上whenwhile. 那么上面的例句就可以改写为 When/While walking in the street, I saw him. （有时也可以理解为时间状语从句中的省略，但是不是时时成立的） When/While I was walking in the street

16、, I saw him. 现在分词 作状语 Walking in the street, I saw him. 翻译成”当我在街上走时，我看到他了” 而不可以翻译为”当他在街上走时，他看到我了” 这个是因为 ?“分词作状语时,其逻辑主语一般要与句中主语保持一致.”现在分词 作状语 “当他在街上走时，我看到他了。” 分词作状语：When/While he was walking in the street, I saw him. He walking in the street, I saw him. 现在分词 作状语2）作条件状语 e.g. Working hard, you will suc

17、ceed. 3）作原因状语 e.g. Being ill, she stayed at home. 注意 being是常用来作原因状语的 4）作让步状语 e.g. Having failed many times, he didnt lost heart. 现在分词 作状语5）作结果状语 e.g. His friend died, leaving him a lot of money, 6）作方式状语 e.g. Please answer the question using another way. 7）作伴随状语，可以转化为一个并列句 e.g. He is standing there,

18、singing. 现在分词 作状语2. 现在分词的独立主格独立主格 分词的独立主格实质就是分词作状语 只不过它不符合我们说的那条”分词作状语时，其逻辑主语一般要与句中主语保持一致” Winter coming，it gets colder and colder it在句中指代的是”天气”现在分词 作状语 注意当逻辑主语是人的身体部位时，如果后面的动词是vt 我们就用过去分词；如果是vi我们就用现在分词。（其实用过去分词时是因为身体部位作了它的宾语 ） e.g. The boy lay on the ground，his eyes closed and his hands trembling这个男孩躺在地上 眼睛闭着 手在发