2019年6月天津卷阅读理解精讲解析

1、阅读理解精讲精析AHistory Fair CompetitionUnderstanding history is vital to understanding ourselves as a people and as a nation. History is much more than the study of dusty old objects and events long past. It is an essential part of who we are today and who we will become. Thornton Middle School History Fa

2、ir Competition makes understanding history exciting, engaging, and fun!This Year s ThemeAll participants must address how communication or transportation technology has promoted the quality of life for Americans throughout history. To many people, technology means computers, hand-held devices, or ve

3、hicles that travel to distant planets. However, technology is also the application of scientific knowledge to solve a problem, touching lives in countless ways.Individuals or groups may enter one of the following categories?Performance?Documentary （纪实作品）?Essay WritingCategory RequirementsPerformance

4、: A dramatic presentation of the topic no more than 10 minutes long. If special clothes are used they should truly represent a given period.Documentary: A visual presentation （such as a video slide show, or computer project） no more than 10 minutes long. A desktop computer, screen, projector, and lo

5、udspeakers will be available. Students must provide their presentations on CDs before Friday, March 23.Essay Writing: An academic paper of 2 000 to 2, 500 words. No illustrations（图解）are allowed. Please do not include covers. A list of references must be included.Important DatesJanuary 5 Submit a top

6、ic proposal to your history teacher. The teacher may require a second proposal if the first is off-topic or unclear.February 5 Submit a first draft of your essay, performance script （居本）， or documentary highlights.February 19 A committee of teachers will evaluate materials and give opinions. Student

7、s then have an opportunity to improve their products.March 9Submit a final draft of your essay.March 15 Performance and documentary committee previewMarch 24 Thornton Middle School History Fair Competition7： 00 A. M 9： 00A. MParticipants signing in at the gym10： 00 A. M. 6： 00PM.Competition and judg

8、es revi7： 00 P.M.Awards ceremony and picnic36. According to Paragraph 1, what is the major goal of understanding history?A. To preserve national traditions.B. To prepare for a history competition.C. To better know the present and future.D. To further explore historical mysteries.37. What is the them

9、e of thisyear s competiti?onA. Technology advances science.B. Science interacts with technology.C. Science has made the study of history easy.D. Technology has improved the life of Americans.38. Among the items provided by the school for a visual presentation are A. special clothes and a screenB. a

10、desktop computer and a CDC. a projector and special clothesD. a desktop computer and loudspeakers39. What would a participant have to do with an essay of 1,500 words to meet the category requirement?A. Include more information in the essay. B. Remove the references.C. Provide a cover for the essay.

11、D. Explain the details with illustrations. 40. What will the committee of teachers do on February 19?A. Preview performances and documentaries.B. Make comments on the materials.C. Improve the participant s first draft.D. Collect a second proposal from the participant.答案：36-40:C DDAB精讲精析：一i、总论：1）话题分类

12、：文娱2）体裁：应用文3）难易程度：易一中4）试题来源：、词汇部分:英文中文词汇精讲拓展vitaladj.至关重要 的be vital doing sth.做某事至关重要的 vitality n.生命力;活力dustyadj.灰暗的饰满灰尘的n.dust灰尘v.dust去除灰尘objectn.物体,物品;研 究对象；目标， 目的;宾语v.反对objective adj 客观的objection n 反对object to doing sth 拒绝做某事essentialadj极具重要 的n. essence本质;精髓adv. essentially本质上，基本上，根本上engagingadj有

13、趣的，迷 人的，engage v吸弓I住;雇佣engaged adj 忙于做某事 be engaged in doing sth/on sth.engagement n订婚;约会;雇佣participantn参与者participate (in) v 参加;参与 participation (in) n 参与addressn地址v说明;称呼； 致函address sth to sb想某人说某事transportationn运输public transportation 公共交通 transport v运输,运送promotev提升;促进； 晋升;促销n promotionbe/ get pro

14、moted 升职qualityn质量;素质， 品德qualify v合格，具备资格； qualified adj具备资格;符合资质 qualification n学历，资格，资质devicen设备;手段， 策略vehiclen交通工具，车 辆motor vehicle机动车辆distantadj遥远的distance n 距离in a distance在远处，在远方at a distance久远地，遥远地applicationn申请应用applied adj应用的，实用的 applicant n 申请人 apply v申请应用，使用scientificadj科学的science n 科学sci

15、entist n 科学家countlessadj数不尽的count v 数数 count on 依罪countable adj 可数的-less后缀 worthless无价值的 priceless珍贵的，无价的individualn个人adj单独的individually adv 单独地 individualize adj 使个性化 individuality n 个性化categoryn类另U,不性categorize=classify v 分类performancen表演，表现perform v履行表演 performer n 表演者essayn文章requirementn必备条件requ

16、ire v需求，依罪dramaticadj戏剧性的； 突然的，令人吃 惊的drama n 戏居 Udramatist n编剧,戏剧家trulyadj真正地true adj真正的 truth n事实representv陈述代表，representation n 代表periodn时期periodic周期性的visualadj视力的visualize v使形象化，视觉化projectorn投影仪project v计划，投影，预测 projection n推测，猜想availableadj可认得的， 有空的be available to do 可做某事 availability n 可用性acade

17、micadj学术的academy 学院referencen今臼书目，参 考In/with reference to 关于（所述内容）submitv提交,呈交； 屈服顺从submission n提交;月艮从admit承认， 允许进入permit承认commit 3巳罪 commit murder 谋杀promotev提升;促进； 晋升;促销n promotionbe/ get promoted 升职proposaln提议，建议a proposal to do sth 提议做某事 propose: v建议，提议off-topicadj偏题的off-topic view 离题观点unclearadj

18、不清楚的clear adj清楚的 clearly adv 清晰地draftn草稿v起草draft-draught-draughthighlightv强调highlight=emphasizecommitteen委员会The committee has been dissolved.委员会已经解散了evaluatev评估evaluation n 评估 evaluate=assessmaterialn物质adj物质的raw material 原材料 materially adv 物质地He has tried to help this child materially and spiritua11

19、y.他尽力从物质上和精神上帮助这个 小孩。previewn预演，预展v概述，扼要介 绍pre+viewgymn体育馆gymnastic adj运动的，健身的 gymnast n运动员judgen评委v评判judgement n 评判Dont judge a book by its cover/、要以貌取人competitionn比赛compete v 比赛competitor n 比赛者competitive adj有竞争力的awardn/v奖励receive/get/win an award for sthceremonyn典礼，仪式without ceremony 不拘礼节reviewv/

20、n复查，反思，评论，复习re+view三、短语部分:英文中文英文中文much more than不仅仅no more than不超过，仅仅Its no more than aplatitude. 无非是老生常谈。hand-held devices手拿设备have an opportunity to do有机会做某事sign in登记，签到四、句子分析1、 Understanding history is vital to understanding ourselves as a people and as a nation.2、 It is an essential part of who w

21、e are today and who we will become.3、 However, technology is also the application of scientific knowledge to solve a problem, touching lives in countless ways.4、 The teacher may require a second proposal if the first is off-topic or unclear.五、篇章结构思维导图：第一段 main idea：通过说历史的重要性，引出history fair competiti

22、on.第二段main idea：展览的主题第三段main idea：各个类别要求第四段main idea：关于竞赛的重要日期六、摘抄内容：1) Understanding history is vital to understanding ourselves as a people and as a nation.2) A list of references must be included.BI must have always known reading was very important because the first memories I have as a child dea

23、l with books. There was not one night that I don t remember mom reading me a storybook by my bedside. I was extremely inspired by the elegant way the words sounded.I always wanted to know what my mom was reading. Hearing mom say,I can t believe what s printed in the newspaper this mngo,rnimade me wa

24、nt to grab it out of her hands and read it myself. I wanted to be like my mom and know all of the things she knew. So I carried around a book, and each night, just to be like her, I would pretend to be reading.This is how everyone learned to read. We would start off with sentences, then paragraphs,

25、and then stories. It seemed an unending journey, but even as a six-year- old girl I realized that knowing how to read could open many doors. When mom said, The C-A-N-D-Y is hidden on the top shelf, I knew where the candy was. My progress in reading raised my curiosity, and I wanted to know everythin

26、g. I often found myself telling my mom to drive more slowly, so that I could read all of the road signs we passed.Most of my reading through primary, middle and high school was factual reading. I read for knowledge, and to make A s on my tests. Occasionally, I woread a novel that was assigned, but I

27、 didn t enjoy this type of reading. I liked fthings that are concrete. I thought anything abstract left too much room for argument.Yet, now that I mgrowing and the world I once knew as being so simple is becoming more complex, I find myself needing a way to escape. By opening a novel, I can leave be

28、hind my burdens and enter into a wonderful and mysterious world where I am now a new character. In these worlds I can become anyone. I don to write down what happened or what technique the author was using when he or she wrote this. I just read to relax.We re taught to read because itry fosrnmeucceh

29、ssoaf human understanding.Reading is a vital part of my life. Reading satisfies my desire to keep learning. And I ve found that the possibilities that lie within books are limitless.41. Why did the author want to grab the newspaper out of mom hands? sA. She wanted mom to read the news to her.B. She

30、was anxious to know what had happened.C. She couldn t wait to tear the newspaper apart.D. She couldn t help but stop mom from reading.42. According to Paragraph 3, the author rseading of road signs indicatesA. her unique way to locate herselfB. her eagerness to develop her reading abilityC. her effo

31、rt to remind mom to obey traffic rulesD. her growing desire to know the world around her.43. What was the author s view on factual read?ingA. It would help her update test-taking skills.B. It would allow much room for free thinking.C. It would provide true and objective information.D. It would help

32、shape a realistic and serious attitude to life.44. The author takes novel reading as a way to.A. explore a fantasy landB. develop a passion for leaningC. learn about the adult communityD. get away from a confusing world45. What could be the best title for the passage?A. The Magic of ReadingB. The Pl

33、easure of ReadingC. Growing Up with ReadingD. Reading Makes a Full Man答案： 41-45:BDCDC精讲精析：一、总论：1）话题分类：个人2）体裁：记叙文3）难易程度:中 -难4）背景知识：在作者的成长过程中，阅读对作者产生了很大的影响。作者认为，阅读是自己人生中不可缺少的事情。5）试题来源：二、词汇部分：英文中文词汇精讲拓展memoryn记忆memories （可数）All the details of the meeting are fresh in my memory.我对会议的所有细节都记忆犹新。memorize v

34、 记忆bedsiden床边by my bedside在我床边extremelyadv非常，很extreme adj非常的，极端的，过激的（一般修 饰形容词）inspirev启发，激 励，鼓励inspire confidence 激起信心、 inspire affection激起喜爱之情 inspiration n 启发aspire v立忐，热望elegantadj优雅的elegance n 优雅Everyone admired her elegance and her beauty. 人人疾暴她的优雅和美丽。printv复印n指纹印刷行业print out打印出（计算机文件）grabv抓住，利

35、 用，夺得grab ones attention=attract ones attentio 吸弓 I 某人注意pretendv假装，扮 作，自称pretend to do sth借l装做某事Sometimes the boy pretended to be asleep 有时这个男孩会假装睡着了。sentencev判刑 n句子sentence to deaths死开 Llparagraphn段落This paragraph can be left out.这一段可以删去。journeyntrip travel journey 辨析hiddenadj隐藏的hide-hid-hiddenprog

36、ressn进步，进 程，上进，巡游progress不 可 数 make progression in progress正在发生curiosityn好奇curious adj 好奇的 curiously adv 好奇地 generous-generosity 慷慨signn标记，标 志，打手势 v签署，示意sign up for报名，注册sign in签字，登记sign a contract签订合约 signature n署名，签名factualadj事实的， 真实的，确凿 的fact 事实 in fact=as a matter of a fact事实上 fact evidence事实证据oc

37、casionallyadv偶尔，间 或occasional adj不经常的，偶尔的，occasion n时刻，场合，理由，原因 on occasion 有时候assignv分配，指 定，委派assign to分酉已给assignment n作业， 任务， 分酉己concreteadj具体的， 实在的，物质 的v使具体concrete=specific =not abstractin the concrete具体地，事实上，实际上abstractadj抽象的，理论上的n摘要v提取，去除abstract term抽象术语abstract method 抽象法argumentn争论，证 据，争执ar

38、gue v争吵argue with sb on sthsimpleadj简单的simply adv简单地complexadj复杂的complex=complicatedescapev/n逃跑，避 开escape from prison 越狱 make an escap逃避burdenn/v负担，重 担bear the burden背负重担 burden=loadmysteriousadj神秘的mystery n神秘的事，奥秘remain a mystery仍然是个谜charactern角色，特 色，性格，汉字character trait 性格特征characteristic adj典型的，特

39、有的，独特的characterize v以.为典型techniquen技巧technique=skillnecessaryadj必要的necessarily =inevitably adv必然地，不 可 避免地not necessarily 未必necessity n必然，必要，必需品satisfyv使满足satisfaction n 满足satisfied adj 满足的 be satisfied withsatisfactory adj令人满足的desirev/n渴望，欲 望desire for sth/to do sth=long for sth/to do sth渴望某事/做某事sat

40、isfy a desire=meet a desi礴足欲望possibilityn可能性possible adj 可能的 impossible adj 不 可 能的 possibly adv 可能地limitlessadj无限的limit n/v限制，限定；lower limit 下限 upper limit _bPH beyond the limit 超出限度 limited adj 有限的三、短语部分:英文中文英文中文deal with处理;应付;与由交道; 克制（不快情感）pretend to do sth假装做某事start off从开始;从着手便 （某人）开始（做某事）；使开始rai

41、se my curiosity激起我的好奇心a way to do sth做某事的方法四、句子分析1、 I must have always known reading was very important because the first memoriesI have as a child deal with books.2、Hearing mom say, I can t believe what s printed in the newspaper this morning, made me want to grab it out of her hands and read it my

42、self.3、By opening a novel, I can leave behind my burdens and enter into a wonderful and mysterious world where I am now a new character.4、I don t have to write down what happened or what technique the author was using when he or she wrote this.五、篇章结构思维导图：第一二三段main idea：从小日t候起，阅读对作者的吸引第四段main idea：小初

43、高时期对阅读的理解 第五段main idea：成长后，作者对阅读的新的理解 第六段main idea：升华,说明阅读在人生中的重要性六、摘抄内容：We re taughto read because it s necessary for much of human understanding. Reading is a vital part of my life. Reading satisfies my desire to keep learning. And I ve found that the possibilities that lie within books are limitl

44、ess.CHow does an ecosystem （生态系统）work ? What makes the populations of different species the way they are？ Why are there so many flies and so few wolves？ To find an answer, scientists have built mathematical models of food webs, noting who eats whom and how much each one eats.With such models， scient

45、ists have found out some key principles operating in food webs. Most food webs， for instance， consist of many weak links rather than a few strong ones. When a predato r（掠食动物）always eats huge numbers of a single prey （猎物）， the two species are strongly linked ; when a predator lives on various species

46、， they are weakly linked. Food webs may be dominated by many weak links because that arrangement is more stable over the long term. If a predator can eat several species it can survive the extinction （灭绝） of one of them. And if a predator can move on to another species that is easier to find when a

47、prey species becomes rare， the switch allows the original prey to recover. The weak links may thus keep species from driving one another to extinction.Mathematical models have also revealed that food webs may be unstable， where small changes of top predators can lead to big effects throughout entire

48、 ecosystems. In the 1960s， scientists proposed that predators at the top of a food web had a surprising amount of control over the size of populations of other species- including species they did not directly attack.And unplanned human activities have proved the idea of top-down control by top preda

49、tors to be true. In the ocean， we fished for top predators such as cod on an industrial scale， while on land， we killed off large predators such as wolves. These actions have greatly affected the ecological balance.Scientists have built an early-warning system based on mathematical models. Ideally，

50、the system would tell us when to adapt human activities that are pushing an ecosystem toward a breakdown or would even allow us to pull an ecosystemback from the borderline. Prevention is key， scientists says because once ecosystems pass their tipping point （临界点），it is remarkably difficult for them

51、to return.46. What have scientists discovered with the help of mathematical models of food webs？A. The living habits of species in food webs.B. The rules governing food webs of the ecosystems.C. The approaches to studying the species in the ecosystems.D. The differences between weak and strong links

52、 in food webs.47. A strong link is found between two species when a predator.A. has a wide food choiceB. can easily find new preyC. sticks to one prey speciesD. can quickly move to another place48. What will happen if the populations of top predators in a food web greatly decline？A. The prey species

53、 they directly attack will die out.B. The species they indirectly attack will turn into top predators.C. The living environment of other species will remain unchanged.D. The populations of other species will experience unexpected changes.49. What conclusion can be drawn from the examples in Paragrap

54、h？ 4A. Uncontrolled human activities greatly upset ecosystems.B. Rapid economic development threatens animal habitats.C. Species of commercial value dominate other species.D. Industrial activities help keep food webs stable.50. How does an early-warning system help us maintain the ecological balance

55、A. By getting illegal practices under control.B. By stopping us from killing large predators.C. By bringing the broken-down ecosystems back to normal.D. By signaling the urgent need for taking preventive action.答案：46-50: BCDAD精讲精析：一i、总论：1）话题分类：环境2）体裁：说明文3）难易程度：中-难4）背景知识：最近科学家们建立了一些关于食物网的数学模型以帮助人们更 好地了解生态系统的运作以及如何维持生态系统的平衡。5）试题来源：二、词汇部分：英文中文词汇精讲拓展populationn人口countries with ageing populations人口老龄化的国家speciesn种类a species/ two speciesPandas are an endangered species.熊猫是濒危物种。wolfn.狼wolves 狼小偷thief妻子wife命life架子shelf自己 self 叶子 leaf一片 loafmathematicaladj数学的math