八上Unit1---Grammar-Focus

1、Where did you go on vacation?Unit 1Learning goals一般过去时一般过去时01复合不定代词复合不定代词02Where did you go on vacation?I went to New York City.Did you go out with anyone?No. No one was here. Everyone was on vacation.Did you buy anything special?Yes, I bought something for my father.No, I bought nothing.How was the

2、 food?Everything tasted really good!Did everyone have a good time?Oh, yes. Everything was excellent.语法要点：语法要点： 1. 1.复合不定代词复合不定代词 2. 2.一般过去时一般过去时当句中有表示过去的时间状语时，谓语动词要用一般当句中有表示过去的时间状语时，谓语动词要用一般过去时。一般过去时常有的标志词：过去时。一般过去时常有的标志词：yesterday, the day before yesterday, the other dayago, last night/ week/month，

3、in+过去的年份等。过去的年份等。复合不定代词被形容词、不定式、定语从句修饰时，复合不定代词被形容词、不定式、定语从句修饰时，它们必须放在这些代词之后。它们必须放在这些代词之后。Indefinite Pronouns 不定代词不定代词：不指名：不指名 代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词 叫作叫作不定代词。常见不定代词如下所示：不定代词。常见不定代词如下所示：some 一些一些somebody 某人某人someone 某人某人something 某事某事; 某物某物nothing 无物无物all 全体；全部全体；全部both 两个两个(都都)none 没人或物（指两没人

4、或物（指两个以上）个以上）other(s) 另一个（些）另一个（些）another 另外一个；又另外一个；又一个一个much 很多很多many 很多很多anybody 任何人任何人anyone 任何人任何人anything 任何事物任何事物no 无无nobody 无人无人no one 无人无人neither 没人或物没人或物 （指（指两个当中）两个当中）either 任何一个（指两任何一个（指两个当中）个当中）each 每个每个every 每个每个everybody 每人；大家；每人；大家；人人人人everyone 每人每人everything 每一件事物；每一件事物；一切一切few 很少很少

5、a few 一些；几个一些；几个little 很少很少a little 一些一些one 一个一个(人或物人或物) 复合不定代词复合不定代词1.定义：定义： 由由some, any, no, every加上加上-one, -body, -thing构成复合代词。我们称之为复合不定代词。构成复合代词。我们称之为复合不定代词。somebody 某人某人someone 某人某人something 某物，某事某物，某事anybody 任何人任何人anyone 任何人任何人anything 任何事物任何事物nobody 没有人没有人no one 没有人没有人nothing 没有东西没有东西everybod

6、y 每人每人everyone 每人每人everything 每一件事情；一切每一件事情；一切2.2.常见的复合不定代词常见的复合不定代词除除no one 以外，其他复合不定代词都写成以外，其他复合不定代词都写成一个词一个词。2. 带带some的复合不定代词常用于肯定句中；带的复合不定代词常用于肯定句中；带any的复合的复合不定代词常用于否定句或一般疑问句中。不定代词常用于否定句或一般疑问句中。但但some可用于表请求、邀请、预料对方会作肯定回答时的可用于表请求、邀请、预料对方会作肯定回答时的疑问句中。疑问句中。e.g. 1. 我想吃点东西。我想吃点东西。 Id like _ to eat. 2

7、. 今天有人给我打电话吗？今天有人给我打电话吗？Did _ call me today?3. Would you like _ milk?4. Will you give me _ paper? anyonesomethingsomesome3. 当形容词修饰不定代词时，应放在其当形容词修饰不定代词时，应放在其 后面。后面。 e.g. 这本书里有什么新东西吗？这本书里有什么新东西吗？ Is there _ _ in this book? 今天没有什么特别的事。今天没有什么特别的事。 Theres _ _ today.anything newnothing special4. 由由some, a

8、ny, no, every构成的复合不定构成的复合不定 代词作主语时，都作单数看待，其谓代词作主语时，都作单数看待，其谓 语动词用单数第三人称形式。语动词用单数第三人称形式。 e.g. Something is wrong with my watch. Well, everyone wants to win. Nobody knows what the future will be like. There is something for everyone at Greenwood Park.用所给用所给词的适当形式补全对话词的适当形式补全对话1. A: Did go on vacation

9、with you last month? B: Yes, my family went to the countryside with me.2. A: Did your family go to the beach with you last weekend? B: No, from my family went, but my friends went with me. anyoneno oneanything everything nothing anyone everyone no one3. A: I didnt bring back anything from Malaysia.

10、B: at all? Why not?4. A: Did you buy in the shopping center? B: No, I didnt. was very expensive.5. A: How was the volleyball game yesterday? B: Great ! had a fun time!NothinganythingEverythingEveryoneanything everything nothing anyone everyone no one【知识详解【知识详解】一般过去时一般过去时1. 一般过去时的定义一般过去时的定义一般过去时表示过去某

11、个时间发生的动作或存在的状态或一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态或过去经常、反复发生的动作。过去经常、反复发生的动作。2. 一般过去时的时间状语一般过去时的时间状语一般过去时常和表示过去的时间状语连用一般过去时常和表示过去的时间状语连用, 如如yesterday, last night, in +过去的时间过去的时间, two years ago等。等。昨晚我看电视了。昨晚我看电视了。I watched TV last night. 他两小时以前到达那儿的。他两小时以前到达那儿的。He got there two hours ago. 玛丽玛丽2008年参观了北京。年参观了北京。

12、Mary visited Beijing in 2008.3. 一般过去时的谓语结构一般过去时的谓语结构句子谓语句子谓语结构种类结构种类肯定句肯定句否定句否定句一般疑问句一般疑问句be+表语表语was/werewasnt/werentWas/Were. . . ?实义动词实义动词动词的动词的过去式过去式didnt+动词原形动词原形Did. . . +动词原动词原形形. . . ?一般过去时一般过去时知识结构知识结构构成构成用法用法时间状语时间状语动词的过去式动词的过去式1. 表示过去某个时间发表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。生的动作或存在的状态。2. 表示过去经常或表示过去经常或反复发

13、生的动作。反复发生的动作。yesterday (morning)just now, in the pastlast night/week/ time.时间段时间段+ ago一般过去时一般过去时 am(is) was are were陈述句：陈述句：He was at home yesterday.否定句：否定句：He wasnt at home yesterday.疑问句：疑问句：Was he at home yesterday? Yes, he was./No, he wasnt.陈述句：陈述句：主语主语+动词过去式动词过去式+其它其它I go to the movie. I went to

14、 the movie.否定句：否定句：主语主语+didnt+动词原形动词原形+其它其它I dont go to school today. I didnt go to school.一般疑问句：一般疑问句：Did +主语主语+动词原形动词原形+其它其它?Do you have breakfast? Did you have breakfast?Yes, I do./No, I dont. Yes, I did./No, I didnt.4. 动词过去式的构成动词过去式的构成动词过去式的构成分为规则与不规则两类。规则动词过动词过去式的构成分为规则与不规则两类。规则动词过去式的构成及发音如下表去式

15、的构成及发音如下表: 类别类别构成方法构成方法例词例词读音读音一般情况一般情况加加-edlooklooked清辅音后读作清辅音后读作/t/; 浊辅音和元音后浊辅音和元音后读作读作/d/; /t/和和/d/后面读后面读/Id/以以e结尾结尾的动词的动词加加-dliveliveduseused类别类别构成方法构成方法例词例词读音读音以重读闭音节以重读闭音节结尾的动词结尾的动词, 末尾只有一末尾只有一个辅音字母个辅音字母双写这个双写这个辅音字母辅音字母, 再加再加-edstopstoppedplanplanned清辅音后读作清辅音后读作/t/; 浊辅音和元音后浊辅音和元音后读作读作/d/; /t/和

16、和/d/后面读后面读/Id/以辅音字母加以辅音字母加y结尾的动词结尾的动词变变y为为i再再加加-edstudystudiedworryworried1. I _ (have) an exciting party last weekend.2. _ she _ (practice) the guitar yesterday? No, she _.3. What _ Tom _ (do) on Saturday evening? He _(watch) TV and _ (read) an interesting book.用所给用所给词的适当形式填空词的适当形式填空hadDidpracticed

17、idntdiddowatchedread4. They all _ (go) to the mountains yesterday morning.5. She _ (not visit) her aunt last weekend. She _ (stay) at home and _ (do) some cleaning.wentdidnt visitstayeddidFill in the blanks with the words in the box and practice the conversation.3aLinda: Did you do _ fun on your vac

18、ation, Alice?Alice: Yes, I did. I went to Sanya.Linda: How did you like it?Alice: Well, it was my first time there, so _ was really interesting.anyonesomethinganythingeverythingnothinganythingeverythingLinda: Did you go with _?Alice: Yes, I did. I went with my sister.Linda: Did you go shopping?Alice

19、: Of course! I bought _ for my parents, but _ for myself.Linda: Why didnt you buy _ for yourself?Alice: I didnt really see _ I liked.anyonesomethingnothinganythinganything3bFill in the blanks in the e-mail message with the words in the box. anything everything nothing everyone no oneDear Bill,How wa

20、s your vacation? Did you do _ interesting? Did _ in the family go with you? I went to a friends farm in the countryside with my family. anythingeveryone_ was great. We fed some hens and saw some baby pigs. Theywere so cute! The only problem was that there was _ much to do in theevening but read. Sti

21、ll _ seemed to be bored. Bye for now!MarkEverythingnothingno one3cAsk your group questions about their last vacation. Then tell the class your results.Did you Everyone Someone (write classmates name)No oneeat anything at a restaurant?read anything interesting?visit anyone in your family?buy anything

22、?keep a diary单项选择单项选择1. Do you have _ to say for yourself? No, I have _ to say. A.something; everything B. nothing; somethingC.everything; anything D. anything; nothing2. I bought _for my mother on Mothers Day this year. A.special anythingB. anything specialD.special something D. something special3.

23、 Water is important to _, so there are many water festivals around the world. A. everyone B. nobodyC. somebody D. somethingDDA4. Mom, did you see my iPad _? Sorry, I didnt.A.somewhere B. anywhere C. nowhere D.everywhere5. Can I tell Jim about the news? No, I dont want _ else to know it. A. someone B

24、. anyone C. everybody D. no one 6. The homework is very easy, _ students can finish it on time. A. few B. little C. many D. much BBC7. Im worried about our talent show tomorrow. Be confident! If you dont believe in yourself, _ will. A. nobody B. anybody C. everybody D. somebody8. _ is watching TV. L

25、ets turn it off . A . Somebody B. Anybody C. Nobody9.What _ the noise, Bill? Sorry, I broke my glass. A. is B. was C. are D. wereACB10. - How _ your vacation? - It was pretty good.A. was B. were C. did11. - Where _ they go yesterday? - They went to the Summer Palace. A. are B. do C. did12. - Where did you go on vacation? - I _ my grandma. A. visit B. visited C. visitsACB13. - Did she _ to the movies? - No. She went to the party. A. goes B. go C. went14. Betty stayed at home and _ for the test last weekend.A. study B. studies C. studied15. - _ your mother go fishing? - N