大学英语读写教程(第二版)第四册Unit7-Section-A--Research-into-Population-Genetics

1、Text StudyText StudyIdea SharingIdea SharingNotes to the TextNotes to the TextWords and ExpressionsWords and ExpressionsWritingWriting12021/3/27_ Understanding Understanding_ Reproduction Reproduction_ Structure Analysis Structure Analysis_ Summary Summary47I. Structure AnalysisI. Structure Analysis

2、Text StudyStructure AnalysisIntroduction + Body + ConclusionPartPara.Maid IdeaIntroduction1-2the introduction of the book and the first genetic mapBody3-4the process and difficulties of conducting the research 5-9major contributions of the research with examples Conclusion10social value of the resea

3、rch47 Research into Population GeneticsResearch into Population GeneticsIntroduction of the book and the first genetic map (Paras. 12)Text StudyStructure AnalysisThe process of conducting the research(Paras. 34)Example: blood sample(To be continued)47Contributions of the first genetic map of the wor

4、ld: (Paras. 59)Text StudyStructure AnalysisConclusion: to weaken conventional notions of race that cause racial prejudice (Para. 10)discoverybirthplaceoriginsvalues47Go over the text quickly and answer the questions.For questions 1-7, mark Y (for YES);N (for NO);NG (for NOT GIVEN);For questions 8-10

5、, complete the sentences with the information given in the text. Text StudyUnderstandingII. UnderstandingII. Understanding 471. The History and Geography of Human Genes is a remarkable book about an extensive survey on population genetics. 2. The writers of the book firmly believe that races are rem

6、arkably different since the genes are not alike. 3. In order to reveal genetic makeup of people in all parts of the world, the writers did not set limitation when collecting human blood.Text StudyUnderstanding474. Some of the potential blood donors were not willing to cooperate because of some relig

7、ious concern. 5. Certain race turns into another race to adapt to climate as humans move from one continent to another. 6. Writers of the book believed that Americans are a mixed population, with 65% Asian and 35% African genes.7. Genetic information may be great helpful in the field of medicine.Tex

8、t StudyUnderstanding478. The writers trace the routes by which early humans migrated around the earth by measuring how closely _ _ . 9. The genetic map and _ confirms that Africa was the birthplace of humanity and thus the starting point of the original human movements.10. Cavalli-Sforza says that h

9、is goal is to _ that cause racial prejudice. ancient human bonescurrent populations“weaken conventional notions of race” Text StudyUnderstandingare related47 The book The History and Geography of Human Genes was written after the _ have spent 16 years examining the _ between the populations of the w

10、orld. This was achieved largely by taking the blood of hundreds of thousands of _ from all around the world, and then analyzing their _. III. SummaryIII. Summarygenetic similaritiesresearchersindividualsblood proteinsText StudySummary(To be continued)47 Scientifically this has allowed the writers to

11、 discover the _ taken by early people migrating around the world and also to show that _we are all very similar on a genetic level. The ultimate goal of the study, however, is not just _: it hopes to have a _ effect by proving that there is no biological basic for _.routesscientificsocialracial prej

12、udiceunder the skinText StudySummary47Student A: the hostStudent B: the guest Luca Cavalli-SforzaOther students: audience with questions Task: The host has an interview on Luca Cavalli-Sforza about his book and the research. IV. ReproductionIV. ReproductionTalk Show: Interview on Luca Cavalli-Sforza

13、Talk Show: Interview on Luca Cavalli-SforzaText StudyReproduction47 brief introduction of the book contributions of the book significance of the researchA sample beginningText StudyReproduction questions from the audiencePoints to cover:Points to cover: exchange of greetings47A: What kind of book is

14、 The History and Geography of Human Genes?B: Well, it is a collection of more than 50 years of research in population genetics. A: Can you tell us the most remarkable idea in your book?B: We believe that if you do not take surface features such as skin color and height into consideration, the “races

15、” are remarkably alike under the skin. Sample questions and answers during the interview Sample questions and answers during the interviewText StudyReproduction47_ Active ExpressionsActive Expressions_ Focus StudyFocus Study47In English, you may find some expressionsformed by very common words, but

16、theyare active and powerful. Whats on at the cinema tonight? 今晚电影院上演上演什么? Whats he up to? 他忙忙什么呢?I. Active ExpressionsI. Active ExpressionsNotes to the TextActive Expressions 471. various proteins that serve as markers to reveal a persons genetic makeup. 2. One of them jumps right off the books cove

17、r: a color map of. 3. But their genes tell a different story. 4. But their genes beg to differ. Find out the active expressions:Find out the active expressions:Notes to the TextActive Expressions 471. serve be useful; do a helpful job2. right exactly in a particular position; immediately 3. story in

18、formation; description; occasion4. beg to differ do not agree withActive ExpressionsActive ExpressionsNotes to the TextActive Expressions 471. 她在销售方面的才能对她以后将大有帮助。2. 就是那栋房子,就在你前面。3. 美国的失业率下降,欧洲也是如此。4. 在这点上我必须说我不赞成。Notes to the TextActive Expressions 471.Her talent for selling will serve her well in t

19、he future. 2.There is the house, right in front of you.3. Unemployment is falling in the US and its the same story in Europe. 4. I must beg to differ on this point.Notes to the TextActive Expressions 47Notes to the TextFocus Study 1. The book, however, is much more than an argument against the lates

20、t racially biased theory. “more than” = to a greater degree than usualPractice II. Focus StudyII. Focus Study47 他不仅是一个教练,他更是一个朋友。 学习英语不仅仅是上课和记笔记。 Hes more than a coach; hes a friend. Learning English is more than attending the classes and taking notes.Notes to the TextFocus Study 47Notes to the Text

21、Focus Study 2. , labored with his colleagues for 16 years to create nothing less than the first genetic map of the world. Practice “nothing less than” used to emphasize importance or surprise 47 三个月就建成了这个学校,简直是一个奇迹。 他的经历简直太奇妙了,我被感动得流下眼泪。 The setting up of this school in three months is nothing less

22、than a miracle. His experience is nothing less than magical and I am moved to tears.Notes to the TextFocus Study 473. Cavalli-Sforza stresses that his mission is not just scientific but social as well. not (just/only) . but . as well = not only . but also Practice Notes to the TextFocus Study 47 莎士比

23、亚不仅是作家,也是演员。 有些父母不仅关心这些游戏的安全性,还对它 们的教育意义表示怀疑。 Shakespeare was not only a writer but an actor as well. Some parents are not only concerned with safety but skeptical of the educational value of such games as well.Notes to the TextFocus Study _ Old to NewOld to New_ Chinese to EnglishChinese to English

24、_ Word UsingWord Using471. to date up to now迄今为止他的情况没有任何进展。迄今为止他的情况没有任何进展。 这是他迄今为止最杰出的成就。这是他迄今为止最杰出的成就。To date there has been no improvement in his condition. This is his finest achievement to date.Words and ExpressionsWord Using I. Word UsingI. Word Using472. discount vt. think or say that sth. is

25、not important他说的许多话不可全信他说的许多话不可全信,他喜欢想象。他喜欢想象。 Much of what he says must be discounted; he likes imagining.Words and ExpressionsWord Using 472. discount n. a reduction in the usual price of something一些剧院的戏票一些剧院的戏票,学生可以打八五折。学生可以打八五折。. Words and ExpressionsWord Using 473. bias n. an unfair and unreaso

26、nable opinion or feeling 许多妇女在工作场合仍遭受根深蒂固的偏见。Many women still encounter deep-seated bias in the workplace. Words and ExpressionsWord Using 474. be confined to be kept within certain limits旅游团只能进行计划内的活动。旅游团只能进行计划内的活动。The tour group is confined to the planned activities.Words and ExpressionsWord Using

27、 475. in effect in fact似乎他们以为修一条新路会解决这个交通问题似乎他们以为修一条新路会解决这个交通问题,事事实上实上,情况将更糟糕。情况将更糟糕。They seem to think that building a new road will solve the traffic problem, but it will make it worse.Words and ExpressionsWord Using 476. adapt to try to deal successfully with a new situationAccording to your expe

28、rience, how to adapt to college life? being open-minded turning to teachers for help trying to making friendsWords and ExpressionsWord Using 477. in combination with together with她采用利诱和威胁并用的方法她采用利诱和威胁并用的方法,获得了成功。获得了成功。By using persuasion in combination with threats, she achieved success. Words and E

29、xpressionsWord Using 47调查报告将有助于解开这个疑团。调查报告将有助于解开这个疑团。The investigation report will shed light on the mystery.8. shed light on make something easier to understandWords and ExpressionsWord Using 479. be descended from be related to someone who lived long ago达尔文指出人类是从动物演变而来的。达尔文指出人类是从动物演变而来的。Darwin poi

30、nted out that human beings are descended fromanimals.Words and ExpressionsWord Using 4710. distinctive adj. having a quality or characteristic that make sth. different and easily noticed他走路的样子与众不同。他走路的样子与众不同。 房间里有一种特殊的气味。房间里有一种特殊的气味。 He has a distinctive way of walking. There is a distinctive smell

31、in the room.Words and ExpressionsWord Using 47change make knownbring together facebe similar todividenot the sameunusual use for profit vary reveal assemble confront resemble split distinct unique exploitII. Old to NewII. Old to NewWords and ExpressionsOld to New 47III. Chinese to EnglishIII. Chines

32、e to English 广泛的调查科学根据偏远地区乡下引人注目的发现并非如此适应商业目的最终目的传统观念 extensive survey scientific basis remote areas rural region remarkable discoveries tell a different story adapt to commercial purposes ultimate aim conventional notions Words and ExpressionsC to E _ Value of Research Value of Research47 What do y

33、ou think is the value of research into human genetics? The Value of Research The Value of Research into Human Genetics into Human GeneticsIdea sharing Watch the movie and have a discussion.47DNA47 It is all part of the miracle of cloning. Mr. DNA, where did you come from? From your blood. A DNA stra

34、nd like me is a blueprint for building a living thing they fed on the blood of animal, even dinosaurs. After a long time, the tree sap would get hard and become fossilized, just like a dinosaur bone they extract the preserved blood from the mosquitoListening TipsListening TipsIdea sharing 47 Find ou

35、t the riddle of our lives Figure out how many genes we have Find out the cause of many inherited diseases Figure out a way to fix defective genes Understand how DNA and proteins work Have a clearer idea of how we are related to the other life forms with which we share our planet Idea sharing Referen

36、ceReference47ConclusionConclusionIdea sharing 47Great Hopes of Genetic Science 47 Find out the riddle of our lives Figure out how many genes we have Find out the cause of many inherited diseases Figure out a way to fix defective genes Understand how DNA and proteins work Have a clearer idea of how w

37、e are related to the other life forms with which we share our planet Idea sharing ReferenceReference47 Normally, a writer starts with a general point and then presents a number of examples to support his point. I. Structured WritingI. Structured WritingSampleStructured Writing 47Living by the sea ha

38、s many advantages, including a milder, less extreme climate, an access to a wide variety of fish and shellfish, and an easy means of transport and communication, both inland via rivers, and along the coast insheltered waters. 1. A Sample1. A SampleStructured Writing 47A general point: Living by the

39、sea has many advantagesExample 1:less extreme climateExample 3:easy means of transport and communicationExample 2:access to a wide variety of fish and shellfishStructured Writing 47Write a paragraph with a general point followedby some examples to support it.Topic sentence: A telephone device has be

40、en useful in many ways. 2. Your Task2. Your TaskReferenceStructured Writing 47ReferenceReference A telephone device has been useful in many ways. It may help you to obtain information in a comparatively quicker way. The timely information will place you in an advantageous position in a world of competition when it comes to decision as to your business. Besides, if you want to make an appointment with others, you can use a telephone to get it arranged beforehand, to avoid awkwardness for your unexpected arrival. Structured Writing 47 II. Practical WritingII. Practical Wri