英汉互译技巧_5

1、英汉词汇翻译技巧英汉词汇翻译技巧正反法正反法英语中的否定独体否定词 no, not, never, neither, nor, none, few, little, seldom, hardly, rarely, scarcely, barely等合成否定词 nothing, nobody, nowhere, without等派生否定词 含有a-, ab-, anti-, de-, dis-, mal-, mis-, non-, in-, ob-, under-, un-, -less, -free等词缀的词结构否定词 tooto, let alone, anything but, rathe

2、r than, other than, far from等英语中的否定表示否定意义的动词 fail, neglect, miss, deny, ignore, refuse, forbid, wonder, lack, stop, doubt等表示否定意义的介词 without, instead of, in place of, out of, but for, beyond, except, but, in the dark, above, behind等表示否定意义的连词 unless, rather than, other than, neither. nor, before, exce

3、pt that, or, otherwise等表示否定意义的形容词 far from, short of, free from, different from, last, poor, absent等英汉语中的正反表达英语中：是否用no, not, never或者带有de-, dis-, im-, in-, un-, -less等词缀的词汉语中：是否用“不”、“非”、“无”、“没（有）”、“未”、“否”、“莫”、“勿”、“别”等字英语的反面表达英语的反面表达汉语的正面表达汉语的正面表达英语的正面表达英语的正面表达汉语的反面表达汉语的反面表达英汉词汇翻译正反法(英 汉)英语的正面表达英语的正面表

4、达汉语的反面表达汉语的反面表达1. 动词动词 We arrived late at the theater, and missed the first act of the play. 我们到剧场晚了，没有看到第一幕。 We will live up to what our parents expect of us. 我决不辜负父母的期望。 I have read your articles, I expect to meet an older man. 我读过你的文章，没想到你这样年轻。 Some problems remain to be solved. 有些问题仍未解决。 The evi

5、dence is clear enough, excluding all possibilities of doubt. 证据确凿，毋庸置疑。英汉词汇翻译正反法(英 汉)英语的正面表达英语的正面表达汉语的反面表达汉语的反面表达2. 名词名词 In the absence of force, a body will either remain at rest or continue to move with constant speed in a straight line. 如果没有外力作用，物体或者保持静止，或者继续做匀速直线运动。 There are comrades who feel p

6、ride, instead of shame, in their ignorance or scanty knowledge of our own history. 有些同志对自己的历史一点不懂，或者懂得很少，不以为耻，反以为荣。 A dose of poison can do its work only once, but a bad book can go on poisoning peoples minds for any length of time. 一剂毒药只能害人一次，但一本书却能无限期地毒害人的思想。英汉词汇翻译正反法(英 汉)英语的正面表达英语的正面表达汉语的反面表达汉语的反

7、面表达3. 形容词形容词She has an incisive manner of speaking, happily free from hum and ha.她说话干脆果断，完全没有哼哼哈哈的腔调。Her husband hates to see her stony face.她丈夫不愿看到她那张毫无表情的脸。The last thing I want in this world is to hurt you.在这个世界上我最不愿意做的事就是伤害你的感情。He lay awake almost the whole night. 他躺在那儿，几乎一夜没睡。英汉词汇翻译正反法(英 汉)英语的正

8、面表达英语的正面表达汉语的反面表达汉语的反面表达4. 副词副词Little does he care whether we live or die.他根本不在乎我们死活。It should be emphasized that many of these factors are very poorly understood. 应该强调的是，对这些因素很多都不甚了解。Pure water hardly conducts an electric current at all, but it becomes a good conductor if salt is dissolved in it.纯水

9、几乎是不导电的，但是，如果其中溶解了盐就成了良导体。The world will be long forgetting their evil deeds. 世人不会很快就忘记他们的罪行。英汉词汇翻译正反法(英 汉)英语的正面表达英语的正面表达汉语的反面表达汉语的反面表达5. 介词或介词短语介词或介词短语It is out of the question for anyone to build a castle in the air.任何人想建立空中楼阁是不可能的。Famous as the actress may be, her manners are anything but graciou

10、s.那女演员虽很有名，但举止欠佳。Im at my wits end to keep the children quiet. 我实在没有办法让这些孩子保持安静。Telescopes enable watchers to see very faint stars which are far beyond the reach of the naked eye. 望远镜能使观察人员看见肉眼根本看不见的许多很暗的星星。英汉句式翻译正反法(英 汉)英语的正面表达英语的正面表达汉语的反面表达汉语的反面表达6. 连词连词Do it now before you forget.现在就做，免得忘记。She be

11、came a mother before she had attained her fifteen years.她不到十五岁就做了母亲。Its long time since I enjoyed myself so much.我好久没这么痛快地玩了。Strike me if I know.我真的不知道。I am hanged if I agree with him.我决不会同意他的看法。As if I cared.我不在乎。英汉句式翻译正反法(英 汉)英语的正面表达英语的正面表达汉语的反面表达汉语的反面表达7. 连词连词thanHe would rather die than give up.

12、他宁死不屈。I, rather than you, should be responsible for the accident.该对此事故负责的是我而不是你。He earns more money than he can spend. 他赚的钱花不完。She was more frightened than hurt.她没有受伤，倒是受惊不小。Better to do well than to say well.与其说得好，不如做得好。You can no more swim than I can fly.你不会游泳就像我不会飞行一样。英汉句式翻译正反法(英 汉)英语的正面表达英语的正面表达

13、汉语的反面表达汉语的反面表达8. 动词不定式动词不定式动词不定式用在动词不定式用在yet之后有否定意义之后有否定意义 In all my travels I had yet to see a place as beautiful as the West Lake. 我所到之处还未见过像西湖这样美的地方。 The best is yet to come. 最好的还未到来。英汉句式翻译正反法(英 汉)英语的正面表达英语的正面表达汉语的反面表达汉语的反面表达9. 委婉语和反语委婉语和反语 She lived and died a virgin. 她终身没有结婚。 You might have bee

14、n more careful. 你不该这么粗心大意。 Much will he care for your health! 看他对你的健康有多关心吧！ A nice father youll make! 你成为一个好父亲吧！ All music is alike to Tom. 所有的音乐对汤姆都一样。英汉词汇翻译反正法(英 汉)英语的反面表达英语的反面表达汉语的正面表达汉语的正面表达1. 动词动词She unlocked the door and turned the handle to open it.她打开门锁，旋动把手将门打开。We strongly disapprove of the

15、 companys new policy.我们强烈反对公司的新政策。The doubt was still unsolved after he repeated explanation.他再三解释，但疑团依然存在。Youd better mind your own business.你最好别管闲事。英汉词汇翻译反正法(英 汉)英语的反面表达英语的反面表达汉语的正面表达汉语的正面表达2. 名词名词The house was in a state of disorder because of the young children.由于有小孩，家里乱七八糟。He was awaiting the o

16、utcome with impatience.他焦急地等待着结果。He manifested a strong dislike for his fathers business.他对他父亲的行业表示出强烈的厌恶情绪。It was said that someone has sown discord among them.据说有人在他们中间挑拨离间。英汉词汇翻译反正法(英 汉)英语的反面表达英语的反面表达汉语的正面表达汉语的正面表达3. 形容词形容词He failed his examination because his work was careless and full of mistak

17、es.他考试不及格，因为他的作业粗枝大叶，错误百出。All the articles are untouchable in the museum.博物馆内一切展品禁止触摸。He was an indecisive sort of person and always capricious.他这个人优柔寡断，而且总是反复无常。英汉词汇翻译反正法(英 汉)英语的反面表达英语的反面表达汉语的正面表达汉语的正面表达4. 副词副词He never spared himself and so he made me work hard.他总是拼命干，所以我也只好拼命干。She shook her head h

18、opelessly.她绝望地摇了摇头。He carelessly glanced through the note and got away.他马马虎虎地看了一眼那张便条就走了。英汉词汇翻译反正法(英 汉)英语的反面表达英语的反面表达汉语的正面表达汉语的正面表达5. 介词或介词短语介词或介词短语The train coming from Shanghai will arrive in no time.从上海开来的火车很快就到站。Students, with no exception, are to hand in their papers this afternoon.今天下午学生全都要交论文

19、。英汉句式翻译反正法(英 汉)英语的反面表达英语的反面表达汉语的正面表达汉语的正面表达6. 双重否定双重否定You cannot make omelettes without breaking eggs.有失才有得。有得必有失。There is no rule that has no exceptions.任何规则都有例外。They never meet without quarreling.他们每次见面总要吵架。We will never neglect our duties.我们永远会尽我们的职责。This is a matter of no small consequence.这件事可是

20、关系重大。英汉句式翻译反正法(英 汉)英语的反面表达英语的反面表达汉语的正面表达汉语的正面表达7. 多余否定多余否定Let me know if this story is not interesting.告诉我这个故事是否有趣。Here is my composition. Please look at it over to see if I havent made any silly mistakes.这是我的作文，请你看一下，看看我是否犯了一些不该犯的错误。I went to the city to see if my uncle could not help me out of dif

21、ficulty.我到城里去看看我叔叔能否帮我摆脱这个困难。英汉句式翻译反正法(英 汉)英语的反面表达英语的反面表达汉语的正面表达汉语的正面表达8. 并列否定并列否定He denied that he had no intention of hurting your feeling。他否认他是存心要伤害你的感情的。It never occurred to me to doubt that your work would not advance our common object in the highest degree.我从来没有怀疑你的工作会大大推近我们的共同目标。主句的谓语是deny, d

22、oubt, forbid等表示否定意义的动词， 其后面的宾语从句又用一个否定词。英汉句式翻译反正法(英 汉)英语的反面表达英语的反面表达汉语的正面表达汉语的正面表达9. 特定的词语搭配特定的词语搭配A book may be compared to your neighbor; if it be good, it can not last too long; if bad, you can not get rid of it too early.一本书好比你的邻居，如果是本好书，相伴得越久越好。如果是本坏书，越早摆脱它越好。The importance of curbing inflation

23、 can not be overemphasized.应特别强调遏制通货膨胀的重要性。1. can + not/never + too/over (总不嫌过分；越越好)英汉句式翻译反正法(英 汉)英语的反面表达英语的反面表达汉语的正面表达汉语的正面表达9. 特定的词语搭配特定的词语搭配Thats nothing less than a miracle.那完全是个奇迹。It is no more than a beginning.这仅仅是个开端。Nothing agrees with me more than oysters.我最喜欢吃牡蛎。2. no/not/nothing + more/le

24、ss + than英汉句式翻译反正法(英 汉)英语的反面表达英语的反面表达汉语的正面表达汉语的正面表达9. 特定的词语搭配特定的词语搭配He is nothing but a cheat.他就是个骗子。He did not come back home until late in the evening.他直到晚上很晚才回家。3. no/not/nothing/never + but/except/until 英汉句式翻译反正法(英 汉)英语的反面表达英语的反面表达汉语的正面表达汉语的正面表达10. 否定形式的条件句否定形式的条件句Well, if it isnt beautiful.哇，太漂亮了！Ill teach you how to behave, see if I dont.我要教你怎么做人，我是说到做到的。英汉句式翻译反正法(英 汉)英语的反面表达英语的反面表达汉语的正面表达汉语的正面表达11. 否定形式的比较句否定形式的比较句Nothing is so happy for a revolutionary as to serve the people heart and soul.对于一个革命者来说，全心全意为人民服务是最幸福的。He never looked