经济学常用英语词汇【精心整理版】

1、v1.0可编辑可修改经济学常用英语词汇Aaccounting 会计accounting cost 会计成本accounting profit会计禾 U 润adverse selection逆向选择allocation 配置allocation of resources资源配置allocative efficiency配置效率antitrust legislation反托拉斯法arc elasticity 弧弹性Assumption 假设asymetric information 非对称性信息average 平均average cost 平均成本average cost pricing平均成本定

2、价法average fixed cost 平均固定成本average product of capital 资本平均产量average product of labour劳动平均产量average revenue 平均收益average total cost 平均总成本average variable cost 平均可变成本Bbarriers to entry进入壁垒base year 基年bilateral monopoly 双边垄断benefit 收益black market 黑市bliss point 极乐点boundary point 边界点break even point收支相抵点b

3、udget 预算budget constraint 预算约束budget line 预算线budget set 预算集Ccapital 资本capital stock资本存量capital output ratio资本产出比率capitalism 资本主义cardinal utility theory基数效用论cartel 卡特尔ceteris puribus assumption”其他条件不变” 的假设ceteris puribus demand curve 其他因素不变的需求曲线Chamberlin model 张伯伦模型change in demand 需求变化change in qua

4、ntity demanded需求量变化change in quantity supplied供给量变化change in supply供给变化choice 选择closed set 闭集Coase theorem 科斯定理cobweb model蛛网模型collective bargaining集体协议工资collusion 合谋command economy 指令经济commodity 商品commodity combination 商品组合commodity market 商品市场commodity space 商品空间common property 公用财产comparative sta

5、tic analysis比较静态分析compensated budget line补偿预算线compensated demand function补偿需求函数14compensation principles补偿原贝 Ucompensating variation in income收入补偿变量competition 竞争competitive market 竞争性市场complement goods 互补品complete information 完全信息completeness 完备性condition for efficiency in production生产的最优条件concave

6、凹concave function 凹函数concave preference 凹偏好consistence 一致性constant cost industry 成本不变产业constant returns to scale规模才艮酬不变constraints 约束consumer消费者consumer behavior 消费者行为consumer choice 消费者选择consumer equilibrium消费者均衡consumer optimization消费者优化consumer preference消费者偏好consumer surplus 消费者乘馀consumer theory

7、 消费者理论consumption 消费consumption bundle 消费束consumption combination消费组合consumption possibility curve 消费可能曲线consumption possibility frontier消费可能性前沿consumption set 消费集consumption space 消费空间continuity 连续性continuous function连续函数contract curve契约曲线convex 凸convex function凸函数convex preference 凸偏好convex set 凸集

8、corporatlon 公司cost 成本cost benefit analysis 成本收益分cost function成本函数cost minimization成本极小化Cournot equilihrium 古诺均衡Cross price elasticity交叉价格弹性Ddead weights loss 重负损失decreasing cost industry 成本递减产业decreasing returns to scale规模才艮酬递减deduction 演绎法demand需求demand curve 需求曲线demand elasticity 需求弹性demand functi

9、on 需求函数demand price 需求价格demand schedule 需求表depreciation 折旧derivative 导数derive demand 派生需求difference equation差分方程differential equation 微分方程differentiated good差异商品differentiated oligoply差异寡头diminishing marginal substitution边际替代率递减diminishing marginal return收益递减diminishing marginal utility边际效用递减direct

10、approach 直接法direct taxes 直接税discounting贝占税、折扣diseconomies of scale 规模不经济disequilibrium 非均衡distribution 分配division of labour劳动分工distribution theory of marginal productivity边际生产率分配论duoupoly双头垄断、双寡duality 对偶durable goods 耐用品dynamic analysis 动态分析dynamic models 动态模型EEconomic agents 经济行为者economic cost经济成本

11、economic efficiency经济效率economic goods 经济物品economic man 经济人economic mode经济模型economic profit经济禾 U 润economic region of production生产的经济区域economic regulation经济调节economic rent经济租金exchange 交换economics经济学exchange efficiency交换效率economy 经济exchange contract curve交换契约曲线economy of scale 规模经济Edgeworth box diagram

12、埃奇沃思图exclusion排斥性、排他性Edgeworth contract curve埃奇沃思契约线Edgeworth model 埃奇沃思模型efficiency效率，效益efficiency parameter 效率参数elasticity弹性elasticity of substitution替代弹性endogenous variable 内生变量endowment 禀赋endowment of resources资源禀赋entrepreneur 企业家entrepreneurship 企业家才能entry barriers进入壁垒entry/exit decision 进出决策en

13、volope curve 包络线equilibrium 均衡equilibrium condition均衡条件equilibrium price均衡价格equilibrium quantity 均衡产量eqity 公平equivalent variation in income收入等价变量excess capacity theorem过度生产能力定理excess supply过度供给exchange 交换exchange contract curve交换契约曲线exclusion排斥性、排他性exclusion principle排他性原贝1Jexistence 存在性existence of

14、 general equilibrium总体均衡的存在性exogenous variables 外生变量expansion paths 扩展径expectation 期望expected utility 期望效用expected value 期望值expenditure 支出explicit cost显性成本external benefit 夕卜部收益external cost夕卜部成本external economy 夕卜部经济external diseconomy 夕卜部不经济externalities 外部性FFactor 要素factor demand要素需求factor market

15、要素市场factors of production生产要素factor substitution要素替代factor supply要素供给fallacy of composition合成谬误final goods最终产品firm 企业firms demand curve for labor企业劳动需求曲线firm supply curve企业供给曲线first-degree price discrimination第一级价格歧视first order condition 一阶条件fixed costs固定成本fixed input固定投入fixed proportions production

16、 function固定比例的生产函数flow 流量fluctuation 波动for whom to produce为谁生产free entry自 由进入free goods自由品，免费品free mobility of resources 资源自 由流动free rider搭便车，免费搭车function 函数future value 未来值Ggame theory 对策论、博弈论general equilibrium总体均衡general goods一般商品Gini coefficient 吉尼系数goldenrule黄金规贝Ugoods货物government failure政府失败go

17、vernment regulation政府调控grand utility possibility curve总效用可能曲线grand utility possibility frontier总效用可能前沿Hheterogeneous product异质产品homogeneity 齐次性homogeneous demand function齐次需求函数homogeneous product同质产品homogeneous production function齐次生产函数horizontal summation 水平和household 家庭how to produce如何生产human capi

18、tal人力资本hypothesis 假说Iidentity 恒等式imperfect competion不完全竞争implicitcost隐性成本income收入income compensated demand curveincome constraint 收入约束income consumption curve 收入消费曲线income distribution收入分配income effect收入效应income elasticity of demand需求收入弹性increasing cost industry 成本递增产业increasing returns to scale规模才艮

19、酬递增inefficiency缺乏效率index number 指数indifference无差异indifference curve无差异曲线indifference map无差异族indifference relation 无差异关系indifference set无差异集indirect approach间接法individual analysis个量分析individual demand curve 个人需求曲线individual demand function个人需求函数induced variable 弓 I 致变量induction 归纳法industry 产业industry

20、 equilibrium产业均衡industry supply curve产业供给曲线inelastic 缺乏弹性的inferior goods 劣品inflection point拐点information 信息information cost信息成本initial condition 初始条件initial endowment初始禀赋innovation 创新input 投入input output 投入一产出institution 制度institutional economics 制度经济学insurance 保险intercept 截距interest 利息interest rate

21、 利息率intermediate goods 中间产品internatization of externalities夕卜部性内部化invention 发明inverse demand function 逆需求函数investment 投资invisible hand看不见的手isocost line 等成本线，isoprofit curve等利润曲线isoquant curve等产量曲线isoquant map 等产量族Llabour 劳动labour demand劳动需求labour supply劳动供给labour theory of value劳动价值论labour unions工会l

22、aissez faire自 由放任land 土地law法则law of demand and supply 供需法law of diminishing marginal rate of technicalsubstitution 边际技术替代率law of increasing cost成本递增法贝 Ulaw of one price单一价格法贝Umarginal product of 1abour劳动的边际产量leader follower model 领导者-跟随者模型marginal productivity边际生产率least cost combination of inputs最低成

23、本的marginal rate of substitution边替代率投入组合marginal rate of transformation边际转换率leisure 闲暇marginal returns边际回报.Leontief production function歹1J 昂节夫生产函数marginal revenue 边际收益licenses 许可证marginal revenue product边际收益产品linear demand function线性需求函数marginal revolution边际革命linear homogeneity线性齐次性marginal social be

24、nefit社会边际收益linear homogeneous production function线性齐marginal social cost社会边际成本次生产函数marginal utility边际效用long run 长期marginal value products边际价值产品long run average cost长期平均成本market 市场long run equilibrium长期均衡market clearance市场结清，市场洗清long run industry supply curve长期产业供给曲market demand 市场需求线market economy 市

25、场经济long run marginal cost长期边际成本market equilibrium市场均衡long run total cost长期总成本market failure 市场失败Lorenz curve洛伦兹曲线market mechanism 市场机制loss minimization损失极小化market structure 市场结构1ump sum tax 一次性征税market separation 市场分割luxury 奢侈品market regulation市场调节market share 市场份额Mmarkup pricing力口减定价法macroeconomics

26、 宏观经济学maximization 极大化marginal 边际的microeconomics 微观经济学marginal benefit边际收益minimum wage最低工资marginal cost 边际成本misallocation of resources资源误置marginal cost pricing边际成本定价mixed economy 混合经济marginal cost of factor边际要素成本model模型marginal period 市场期money货币marginal physical productivity实际实物生产率monopolistic compe

27、tition垄断竞争marginal product边际产量monopolistic exploitation垄断录胤marginal product of capital资本的边际产量monopoly垄断，卖方垄断monopoly equilibrium垄断均衡monopoly pricing 垄断定价monopoly regulation垄断调控monopoly rents垄断租金monopsony买方垄断NNash equilibrium纳什均衡Natural monopoly 自然垄断Natural resources 自然资源Necessary condition必要条件necess

28、ities 必需品net demand 净需求nonconvex preference非凸性偏好nonconvexity 非凸性nonexclusion 非排斥性nonlinear pricing非线性定价nonrivalry非对抗性nonprice competition非价格竞争nonsatiation 非饱和性non-zero sum game 非零和对策normal goods 正常品normal profit 正常利润normative economics规范经济学Oobjective function 目标函数oligopoly寡头垄断oligopoly market寡头市场oli

29、gopoly model寡头模型opportunity cost机会成本optimal choice最佳选择optimal consumption bundle 消费束perfect elasticity完全有弹性optimal resource allocation最佳资源配置optimal scale 最佳规模optimal solution 最优解optimization 优化ordering of optimization(social) preference(社会)偏好排序ordinal utility序数效用ordinary goods 一般品output 产量、产出output

30、elasticity 产出弹性output maximization 产出极大化Pparameter 参数partial derivative 偏导数partial equilibrium局部均衡patent 专利Ipay off matrix 收益矩阵、支付矩阵perceived demand curve感觉至U的需求曲线perfect competition 完全竞争perfect complement 完全互补品perfect monopoly 完全垄断perfect price discrimination完全价格歧视perfect substitution完全替代品perfect i

31、nelasticity完全无弹性perfectly elastic 完全有弹性perfectly inelastic完全无弹性plant size 工厂规模point elasticity 点弹性positive economics实证经济学prediction 预测preference 偏好preference relation偏好关系present value 现值price 价格price adjustment model价格调整模型price ceiling最高限价price consumption curve价格费曲线price control价格管制price difference

32、价格差另 Uprice discrimination价格歧视price elasticity of demand需求价格弹性price elasticity of supply供给价格弹性price floor 最低限价price maker 价格制定者price rigidity 价格刚性price seeker价格搜求者price taker价格接受者price tax从价税private benefit私人收益principal agent issues委托一代理问题private cost私人成本private goods 私人用品private property私人财产produce

33、r equilibrium生产者均衡producer theory生产者理论product 产品product transformation curve 产品转换曲线product differentiation 产品差异product group 产品集团production 生产production contract curve 生产契约曲线production efficiency生产效率production function 生产函数production possibility curve生产可能性曲线productivity 生产率productivity of capital资本生

34、产率productivity of labor 劳动生产率profit 利润profit function利润函数profit maximization禾 U润极大化property rights产权property rights economics产权经济学proposition 定理proportional demand curve成比例的需求曲线public benefits公共收益public choice公共选择public goods公共商品pure competition 纯粹竞争rivalry 对抗性、竞争pure exchange纯交换pure monopoly纯粹垄断Qqu

35、antity adjustment model 数量调整模型quantity tax 从量税quasi rent 准租金Rrate of product transformation产品转换率rationality 理性reaction function反应函数regulation 调节，调控relative price相对价格rent 租金rent control规模报酬rent seeking寻租rent seeking economics寻租经济学resource 资源resource allocation 资源配置returns 报酬、回报returns to scale规模报酬rev

36、ealed preference显示性偏好revenue 收益revenue curve收益曲线revenue function收益函数revenue maximization收益极大化ridge line 脊线risk 风险Ssatiation 饱和，满足saving 储蓄scarcity 稀缺性law of scarcity稀缺法则second degree price discrimination二级价格歧视second derivative - 阶导数second order condition二阶条件service 劳务set集shadow prices影子价格short run 短

37、期short run cost curve 短期成本曲线short run equilibrium短期均衡short run supply curve 短期供给曲线shut down decision关闭决策shortage 短缺shut down point 关闭点single price monopoly 单一定价垄断slope斜率social benefit 社会收益social cost 社会成本social indifference curve社会无差异曲线social preference社会偏好social security社会保障social welfare function社会福禾 U函数socialism社会主义s