高中英语虚拟语气详解和练习(含答案解析)

1、高中英语虚拟语气详解和练习（含答案解析）虚拟语气第一节语气英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气：陈述语气（Indicative Mood），祈使语气（Imperative Mood）和虚拟语气（Subjunctive Mood ）。不同的语气用动词的不同形式（有的还 借助句法形式）来表示。第二节虚拟语气的概念虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等（在条件从句中或让步状语从句中）；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、 建议等（在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句）。第三节虚拟语气在条件句中虚拟条件句主句与现在事实相反的假 设If+主语+动词的过去

2、式（动词be用were）The platform would collapse if all of you stood on it.彳贸如你们者B站在 上面，这个平台就会塌卜来的。主语+should,would,might,could + 动词原形如果鲁迅还活着，看到新中国的伟大成就他会多么高兴啊！与过去相反的假设If+主语+had +过去分词Ifthe doctorhad beenavailable ,the child would have been saved.如果后医生在，这个小孩就会 得救了。主语 + should, would, might, could + have done如果

3、飓风发生在白天，死亡的人数会更 多。与将来相反的假设1、If+主语+动词过去式2、If+主语+were to+动词原形3、If+主语+should +动词原形I could see the surface of the moo with my own eyes if I were to go to the moon some day. 如果有 天我登 上了月球，就能亲眼目睹月球的表面是 什么样子了。主语 + should, would might, could + 动词 原形加果明天是星期天，我就去看望我奶奶。NOTE使用虚拟条件句要注意的几点：1 .当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所

4、发生的时间不一致时，被称为：错综时问条件句“，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整.If you had followed my advice , you would be better now.如果你听我的建议，你现在就会痊愈了.2 .在条件句中，可省略if ,把were ,had, should 提到句首，变为倒装句式.If you had come earlier, you would have met him.Had you come earlier, you would have met him.1 / 12高中英语虚拟语气详解和练习（含答案解析）第四节 虚拟语气在名词从句中

5、的运用一、虚拟语气在主语从句中A.在句型 “It is important （necessary, strange, natural） that .”中，表示某事重要、奇怪、自然、必要等；that后面的从句中的谓语动词用：should +动词原形 （should 可以省略）例如：It ' s important that we should take good care of the patient.重要的是我们要照顾好这类的形容词还有 advisable （可取的），appropriate （适当的），compulsary （必须的），crucial （关键的），desirable

6、（理想的），essential （必要的），imperative （迫切的），important（重要的），possible （可能的），preferable （更好的），probable （可能的）,strange （奇怪的）， urgent （急迫的），vital （极为重要的）等。B. 在 It is demanded/suggested/ordered/required/recommended/requested/required/. that-clause 句型中从句用（should ）+动词原型，表示愿望，建议，请求等主观意愿等。It is demanded that we sho

7、uld work out a plan.C. 在Itisa pity/ashame/ nowonderproposal/recommendation/suggestion/surprise/advice that .句型中从旬也常用 （should ）+动词原型，表示建议，命令，请求，歉，怀疑，惊奇等。It ' s a pity that you （should） miss a good chance.二、用于宾语从句用于表示命令、建议、要求等一类词后面的宾语从句。insist , suggest, order, command,advise, propose, require, re

8、quest, demand, desire etc. 注意：suggest当表示“暗示、表明“讲时，insist 表示”坚持认为“之意时，应用陈述语气。The teacher suggested that we should clean the blackboard after class. 老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.他脸上的表情表明他对我们的工作很满意.He insisted that all of us be there on time by any m

9、eans.他坚持要求我们大家想尽办法按时去那里。The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.那个人坚持说他没有偷钱.三、用于表语从句和同位语从句在 suggestion / proposal / order / plan / advice / idea / request /desire/ recommendation/resolution等名词后的表语和同位语从句中要用“ should +动词原形”should可以省略.My advice is that you should practice speaking English as

10、 often as possible.我的建议是你要尽可能经常地练习说英语。The suggestion that the mayor should present the prizes was accepted by everyone.每个人都接受由市长颁发奖金这一建议。第五节虚拟语气在其他从句中1. It is (high / about ) time that从句中的谓语动词用过去式或should +动词原形，should不能省略.It ' s high time we went to the laboratory.该是我们去实验室的时候了。2. If only 引导的感叹句 （

11、要是. 该有多好啊；但愿）；2.1 表示与现在或未来事实相反的愿望。用过去时或would/could+动词原形表示；If only you listened to us!要是你听我们的话该多好啊！2.2 与过去事实相反的愿望，用过去完成时。例如：If only I had listened to the doctor' s advice! 我要是听了医生的话就好了。3. would rather , would sooner, would as soon,would prefer + 从句 也常用虚拟语气，表 示宁愿、但愿之意。这种虚拟语气表示的不是与事实相反的假设，而是一种尚未实现的

12、愿望3.1 表示现在或将来的情况：在上述词后 +主语+动词过去时。例如：I would rather you left today.我宁愿你今天走。I would sooner my daughter attended a public school.但愿我的女儿能上公立学校。I would prefer he didn ' t stay here too long.我倒希望他不要在这儿待得太久。3.2 表示过去的情况，在上述词后+主语+动词过去完成时。例如：I would rather I hadn ' t seen that film yesterday.我宁愿昨天没有看那

13、场电影。4. as if （ as though） 看起来 even if （ even though） 即使 常用虚拟形式，其构成形式与 wish后宾语从句里的虚拟语气的构成形式相同，表示与现在事实相反（从句意上判断），用过去 式；与过去事实相反用过去完成式（had done） , would/could +动词原形。例如：The football fans of act as if they were crazy.那些足球迷们经常就像疯了 似的。（act与were发生在同一时间平面上）He often talks about London as though he had been the

14、re. （had been there发生在 talkes之前）他常常谈起伦敦，就好像他去过那里似的。She often talks and talks as if she would never stop. （would never stop后于 talks andtalks 发生）她常常讲起来没完没了。5. 虚拟语气在 in order that,so that,in case , lest , for fear that 引导的目的状语从句 中的应用，从句中的谓语动词用"may（might） +动词原形"或"should +动词原形"。在以lest

15、引导的从句中，谓语动词用"should +动词原形"。例如：He took his raincoat with him in case itshould rain. 他拿上了雨衣以防下雨。He was punished lest he should make the same mistake again.他被处以惩罚以免他再犯。He put his coat over the child for fear that he（should） catch cold.他把外套给孩子穿上以防孩子感冒。6. wish后面的宾语从句中，一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。其谓语动词

16、形式为：表现在过去时（表示与主句的谓语动词同时存在或先于主句谓语动词存在的与事实相反的愿望）I wish I were a bird.（were与wish发生在同一时间平面上）表过去 过去完成时（从句的谓语动词先于主句的谓语动词发生或存在，（that）+主语+had+动词的过去分词）I wish you had come to our Christmas party.表将来 would, might, could +动词原形（从句的谓语动词后于主句的谓语动词发生或存在）I wish that the rain could stop soon.3 / 12高中英语虚拟语气详解和练习（含答案解析）

17、虚拟语气专项练习1. Jack wishes that he business instead of history when he was in university.A. studiedB. had been studyingC. studyD. had studied2. The millions of calculation involved, had they been done by hand, all practical value by the time they were finished.A. had lostB. would loseC. would have lostD

18、. should have lost3. It is essential that these application forms back as early as possible.A. must be sentB. are senC. will be sentD. be sent4. It is important that the hotel receptionist that guests are registered correctly.A. has made sureB. must make sureC. made sureD. make sure5. It was essenti

19、al that the application forms back before the deadline.A. must be sentB. be sentC. would be sentD. were sent6. It's necessary the dictionary immediately.A. that he will returnB. that he returnC. that he returnedD. that he has to return7. It is important that enough money to fund the project.A. b

20、e collectedB. was collectedC. must be collectedD. can be collected8. I don't think it advisable that Tom to the job since he has no experience.A. is assignedB. be assignedC. will be assignedD. has been assigned9. The suggestion that the mayor the prizes was accepted by everyone.A. would presentB

21、. presentC. ought to presentD. presents10. We are all for your proposal that the discussion.A. be put offB. should put offC. was put offD. is to put off11. You him so closely; you should have kept your distance.A. shouldn't have been followingB. mustn't followC. couldn't have been follow

22、ingD. shouldn't follow12. The manager would rather his daughter in the same office.A. does not workB. had not workedC. not to workD. did not work13. Wouldn't you rather your child to bed early?A. goB. would goC. wentD. goes14. I'd rather you make any comment on the issue for the time bei

23、ng.A. don'tB. didn'tC. wouldn'tD. shouldn't5 / 12高中英语虚拟语气详解和练习（含答案解析）15. Mike's uncle insists in this hotel.A. staying notB. that he would not stayC. not to stayD. that he not stay16. As Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces, I have directed that all measures for our defense.A.

24、had been takenB. be takenC. would be takenD. to be taken17. The manager of the hotel requests that their guests after 11:00 p.m.A. not to play loud musicB. don't play loud musicC. shouldn't play loud musicD. couldn't paly load music18. We desire that the tour leader us immediately of any

25、 change in plans.A. informB. informsC. informedD. has informed19. He suggested to tomorrow's exhibition together.A. us to goB. we shall goC. we wentD. we go20. Sometimes I wish I in a different time and a different place.A. be livingB. would liveC. were livingD. would have lived21. I wish I long

26、er this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.A. could have sleptB. might have sleptC. sleptD. have slept22. Jean doesn't want to work right away because she thinks that if she a jobshe probably wouldn't be able to see her friends very often.A. has to getB. had gotC. were to getD. c

27、ould have got23. If the whole operation beforehand, a great deal of time and money would havebeen lost.A. was not plannedB. had not been plannedC. has not been plannedD. were not planned24. Had he worked harder, he the exams.A. must have got throughB. would get throughC. would have got throughD. cou

28、ld get through25. before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinnerparty.A. Had they arrivedB. Were they arrivingC. Would they arriveD. Were they to arrive26. right now, she would get there on Sunday.A. Would she leaveB. Were she to leave C. If she leavesD. If she had left27

29、. for my illness I would have lent him a helping hand.A. Not being B. Without being C. Had it not beenD. Not having been28. for your laziness, you could have finished the assignment by now.A. Had it not beenB. Weren't it C. It were notD. Hadnot it been29. If it too much trouble, I'd love a c

30、up of tea.A. isn'tB. weren'tC. wasn'tD. hadn't been30. If I hadn't stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you now.5 / 12A. wouldn't be smiling B. won't smile C. couldn't have smiledD. didn'tsmile31. We didn't know his telephone number; otherwise we

31、 him.A. would have telephonedB. would telephoneC. must have telephonedD. had telephoned32. He must have had an accident, or he then.A. would have been hereB. should be hereC. had to be hereD. would be here33. Some women a good salary in a job instead of staying home, but they decidednot to work for

32、the sake of the family.A. must make B. should have madeC. would make D. could have made34. We to start our own business, but we never had enough money.A. have hopedB.had hopedC. would hopeD.shouldhope35. The mad man was put in the soft-padded celllest he himself.A. injureB.injuredC. had injuredD. wo

33、uld injure36. "You are very selfish. It's high time you that you are not the most importantperson in the world", Edgar said to his boss angrily.A. realizedB. realizeC. have realizedD. should realize37. It's already 5 o'clock now. Don't you think it's about time?A. we ar

34、e going homeB. we went homeC. we go homeD. we can go home38. If only the committee the regulations and put them into effect as soon aspossible.A. approveB. can approveC. will approveD. would approve39. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I your advice.A. followB. would followC. had follo

35、wedD. have followed40. I'm sure he is up to the job he would give his mind to it.A. if onlyB. in caseC. untilD. unless虚拟语气历年高考题1. Sorry, I am too busy now. If I time, I would certainly go for an outing withyou. （2012 湖南）A. have had B. had had C. have D. had2. If my car more reliable, I would hav

36、e driven to Lasa instead of flying lastsummer. （2012 陕西）A. was B. had been C. should be D. would be3. We the difficulty together, but why didn' t you tell me? （2012 d匕京）A. should face B. might face C. could have faced D. must have faced4. We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we more

37、places of interest6 / 12高中英语虚拟语气详解和练习(含答案解析)yesterday. （ 2012 福建）A. visited B. had visited C. would visit D. would have visited5. Grace doesn t want to move to New York because she thinks if she there, shewouldn t be able to see her parents very often. （2012安徽 ）A. lives B. would live C. having asked

38、 D. were to live6. But for the help of myEnglish teacher, I the first prize in the English WritingCompetition. （ 2009 福建）A. would not win B. would not have won C. would win D. would have won7. Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don t think we it without you.（ 2008 山东）A. can manage B. coul

39、d have managed C. could manage D. can have managed8. fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.（ 2006 湖北）A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be9. - Do you mind if I open the window?- I feel a bit cold.（ 2004 广东）A. Of course not. B. I d rathe

40、r you didn t. C. Go ahead. D. Why not?10. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I in love, at theage of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.（ 2002 上海）A. wouldn t have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall11. What would have happened , as far as

41、the riverbank?（ 2001 上海）A. Bob had walked fartherB. if Bob should walk fartherC. had Bob walked fartherD. if Bob walked farther12. He hesitated for a momentbefore kicking the ball, otherwise he a goal. （ 2001上海春）A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored13. If only he quietly as the

42、 doctor instructed, he wouldn t suffer so much now.（ 2000 上海）A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie14. Without the air to hold some of the sun s heat, the earth at night _ , too coldfor us to live. （ 1997 上海）A. would be freezing cold B. will be freezing coldlyC. would be frozen cold D. can freeze

43、coldly15. You didn t let me drive. If we _ in turn, you so tired.（ 1996 上海）A. drove; didn t get B. drove; wouldn t getC. were driving; wouldn t get D. had driven; wouldn t have got16. for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often.（ 1995上海）A. If it is not B. Were it not C. Had it

44、not been D. If they were not17. Jane s pale face suggested that she ill, and her parents suggested that shea medical examination. （ 1994 上海）A. be; should have B. was; have C. should be; had D. was; has18. I did not see your sister at the meeting. If she , she would have met my brother.（ 1994 全国）A. h

45、as come B. did come C. came D. had come1. .it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. （1994上海）A. Were B. Should C. Would D. W川20. The two strangers talked as if they friends for years. （1993上海）A. should be B. would be C. have be D. had been21. If the weather had been

46、better, we could have had a picnic. But it all day.（2008全国）A. rained B. rains C. has rained D. is raining22. Theytwo free tickets to Canada, otherwise they' d never have been able to affordto go. （2007 山东）A. had gotB. got C. have got D. get23. - Don ' t you think it necessary that he to Miam

47、i but to New York?-I agree, but the problem is he has refused to. （2005江苏）A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; thatC. should not be sent; what D. should not send; what24. Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy .（2010 浙江）A. would have been savedB . hadbeen save

48、d C. will be savedD. was saved25. John went to the hospital alone. If he me about it, I would have gone with him. （2010 天津）A. should tell B. tells C. told D. had told26. - The weather has been very hot and dry.-Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables.（20

49、10 北京）A. wouldn ' t die B. didn ' t die C. hadn ' t died D. wouldn' t have died 27. George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I' d rather hemore on its culture. （2010 江苏） A .focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focused28. If we the other road, we might hav

50、e arrived here in time for the meeting.（2010陕西）A. take B. had taken C. took D. have taken29. - Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution. - I it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview. （2011福建 34'）A. attended B. had attended C. would attend D. would have attended30. Where are the c

51、hildren? The dinner ' s going to be completely ruined . 一I wish they always late . （2011 北京，28）A. weren' t B. hadn' t been C. wouldn't be D. wouldn't have been答案与解析1. D译文：杰克宁愿在大学学的是商务而不是历史。本句是 wish 后接虚拟语气的用法。在wish 后面所接的宾语从句中，要用虚拟语气结构。其主要形式有三种：表示对现在情况的虚拟：wish + 主语+动词过去式；表示对过去情况的虚拟

52、：wish +主语+had+过去分词；表示对将来情况的虚拟：wish +主语+would+动词原形。2. C译文：数以百万计的相关计算，如果由人工操作的话，到计算完成时早已失去其实用价值。本句是条件句中与过去事实相反的虚拟语气结构的用法。由省略 if 的从句 (had they been done by hand)中的时态可知，C为正确答案。3. D译文：这些申请表尽快寄出是极其必要的。本句涉及主语从句中的虚拟语气用法。在It is important/necessary/ that -clause 结构中，that 从句中谓语动词常用虚拟语气，其形式为：(should)+ 动词原形。这一结构

53、是否用虚拟语气取决于主句It isimportant/ that中的形容词(如本句中的important )。4. D译文：旅馆接待员必须确保旅客登记正确，这点是很重要的。本句涉及主语从句中的虚拟语气的使用。5. B译文：申请表务必在截止日期之前寄回。本句涉及主语从句中的虚拟语气的使用。6. B译文：他必须马上归还字典。本句涉及主语从句中的虚拟语气的使用。7. A译文：重要的是募集足够的钱，为这个项目提供资金。本句涉及主语从句中的虚拟语气的使用。8. B译文：汤姆缺乏经验，指派他做这项工作我认为是不合适的。本句涉及复合宾语从句中的虚拟语气的使用。在以it 为形式宾语的复合宾语从句中也可以用虚拟

54、语气，其形式为：(should) + 动词原形。这一结构中的虚拟用法主要取决于作补语的形容词advisable 。9. B译文：大家都接受了让市长发奖的建议。本句涉及同位语从句中的虚拟语气用法。英语中在表示命令、建议、劝告、愿望、要求等词后所接的同位语从句中，从句谓语动词常用虚拟语气，其形式为：(should) + 动词原形。常用的这类词有suggestion,advise, order, recommendation, requirement, command, proposal等名词。10. A译文：我们都支持你提出的推迟讨论的建议。本句涉及同位语从句中的虚拟语气用法。11. A译文：你本

55、不该跟他跟得这么紧；你本该保持一定距离的。本句涉及 暗含虚拟句。“ should/ought not+ have+ 过去分词”表示“本不应该做某事， 但却做了”，含有某种责备的口气。“should/ought to+have+ 过去分词”表示“本应该做某事，却未做”。例如： You should have returned the book last week.你本来应该上周就该归还这本书。(但上周并未还)12. D译文：经理宁愿他女儿不和他在同一个办公室上班。本句涉及宾语从句中的虚拟语气的用法。在would rather,would sooner, would just as soon, m

56、ightas well 和 would prefer 等后面所跟的从句中，也可用虚拟语气，表示愿望，意为“宁愿”、“但愿”。9 / 12高中英语虚拟语气详解和练习(含答案解析)其形式为： "would rather （ would sooner）+主语+谓语动词过去时”表示现在或将来的情况。 "would rather （ would sooner）+主语+过去完成时”表示过去的情况。13. C译文：你为何不让你的孩子早点睡觉？本句涉及宾语从句中的虚拟语气的用法。14. B译文：我倒是希望你对这个问题先别发表什么看法。本句涉及宾语从句中的虚拟语气的用法。英语中在would

57、rather, would sooner, would just as soon,might as well 和 would prefer 等后面所跟的从句中，也可用虚拟语气，表示愿望，意为“宁愿”、“但愿”。15. D麦克的叔叔坚持他不留在旅馆里。本句涉及虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用。动词 insist 后接宾语从句，从句中的谓语为“ should+动词原 形 （ should 常省略） ”。 常这样用的词有：command, desire, demand, order, propose, recommend, request,require, suggest 等。16. B译文：我作为武装部队的总司令命令采取一切措施进行防御。本句涉及虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用。17.