常用商务英语词汇

1、Forms of ownership:Sole Proprietorship a business owned and operated by a single individual.-PartnershipnapTH 3P a business owned by two or more people.-Limited Company a company where ownership is represented by company s shares.1. Board of directors-. the officials elected by shareholders who rule

2、 the company2. Current liabilities the money that a company during which certain goods are produced.3. Dividends company profits paid to shareholders.4. Entrepreneur- person who sets up a new commercial enterprise to make a profit.5. Indebtedness - amount of debts6. Initial funds -funds used in star

3、ting a business.7. Liabilities - the amount of debt that must be paid.8. Shareholders- those who own shares of a company s stock.9. Accounting 寸he action or process of keeping financialaccounts. Is a system of gathering, summarizing and communicating financial information for a business firm, govern

4、ment or other organizations.10. Balance sheet -is a statement which describes the companies resources and indicates where these resources have come from.11. Bankruptcy when a company is judged legally to be unable to pay its debts .12. Fiscal policy/tax policy -is a government7 s policy that deals w

5、ith government s taxing and spending programs.?13. Income statement a report of firm s revenue and expenses during a certain period.14. Rate of inflation -is the amount on the speed of inflation.?15. Sales ledger -a book in which a company records all its sales.?16. Distribution the movement of good

6、s & services from producer to customer.17. Assets18. Barter exchanging of goods and services for other goods or services.19. Equity capital-funds (in a company) raised by selling stock and retained earnings.20. Bond a certificate issued by the government or a company promising to pay back borrow

7、ed money at a fixed rate of interest on a specified date.21. Cash22. Fixed assets23. Cash on deliverya method of payment for goods at thetime of delivery24. Cash with order a method of payment for goods when cash is paid to the supplier at the time that the order in placed.25. Commodity26. Consumers

8、omebody, who uses goods or services.27. Currency the money in use in a country.28. Demand- C n p e-ccustomer interest in acquiring smth.29. Supply- the quantities of a type of goods available on the market.30. Supplier the company that provides the materials needed for manufacturing a product31. Raw

9、 materialsthe materials used in a manufacturingprocess.32. Working in progress (WIP) the stage in a company during which certain goods are produced.33. Finished stocka supply of goods for sale, usually kept ata warehouse.34. Current assets include cash and items that can be easily turned into cash35

10、. Durable goods long-lasting products.36. Advertising-the promotion of goods or services through media.37. Advertising agency an organization which provides (for a certain commission) advertising services.38. Discounta reduction in the usual price of something.39. To settle a complaint-to put things

11、 in order to satisfy the customer.40. Hire-purchase contracts (installment sales) a system for buying goods involving a series of payments at regular intervals.41. JIT (just in time) a manufacturing and stock-controlsystem in which goods are produced and delivered as they are required.42. Lean produ

12、ction-doing things as quickly and cheaply as possible, without waste.43. Marketing the activity of presenting advertising and selling company s products in the best possible way.44. Markupthe difference between the manufacturing cost ofan item and its selling price.45. Output46. Outsourcing-using ou

13、tside suppliers for goods or services.47. Premises-the buildings used in running a business.48. Profit- n p n 6 b money that you gain by selling things or doing business after your costs have been paid.49. Real estate land including all the property on it.50. Receivables the assets owed to a company

14、.51. To retail-to sell goods to customers in small quantities and without a discount. (to sell in small amounts)52. To wholesaleto sell goods in large amounts.53. Seasonal demand the demand dependent on the time of year.54. Stock (inventory) a supply of raw materials, work-inprogress and finished go

15、ods that is availablefor use.55. Working capital the money that a business has available for its operation.56. Bad debts a sum of money owed that is unlikely to be repaid.57. Credit card-58. Credit limit the maximum amount of credit given to a customer.59. Credit rating the figure showing a customer

16、's ability to repay money or goods given on credit.60. Debtor a person who owes money61. Creditor a person (organization) to which money is owed.62. To default on (re)payment to fail to pay a debt.63. Interest a charge for the use of loan.64. Long-term loan a loan given for a period of 5 years o

17、r more.65. Short-term loan the loan given for a period of up to 5 years.66. Terms of credit the conditions of granting a credit.67. Trade credit the goods given on credit.68. Income tax a tax paid on money made from employment , business or capital.69. Market economy an economy where economic decisi

18、ons are determined by the market and the laws of supply and demand70. Mixed economy an economy that combines elements ofmarket and command economies.71. Command economy an economy in which the governmentmakes economic decisions about production and distribution72. Monetary policy government s policy that deawlsi th inte