中石油职称英语第三届(2011年)网络培训班课文要点总结

1、Lesson1(语法为主) 1.Let's face it-English is a crazy language. There is no eggin eggplant【茄子】 nor ham in hamburger; neither【两者都不】 apple norpine【松树】 in pineapple. Englishmuffins【松饼】 weren't invented【invent:发明】in England nor French fries in France. 2.We take English for granted. 5.Sometimes I thin

2、k all the English speakers should becommitted【commit：托付，犯错】 to anasylum【精神病院】 for theverbally【口头地，文字地】 insane【疯狂的，精神失常的】 .1 can a slim【苗条的，渺茫的】chance and a fat【肥胖的，大量的】chance be the same,while a wise man and wise guy【自作聪明的人】are opposites【相反的，对立的】,and quite a lot and quite a few【相当多】 are alike【同样的，相像

3、的】? 2 have to marvel【惊奇】 at the unique【独一无二的，唯一的】lunacy【愚蠢，荒唐】 of a language 3 is why,when the stars are out,they are visible【看得见的】,but when the lights are out,they are invisible【看不见】 . And why,when I wind up【上紧发条】 my watch,I start it,but when I wind up thisessay【文章】,I end it? Lesson2(语法为主) 1 Wisdom

4、【智慧】was not at the top ofthe graduate【研究生的，毕业生】 mountain, but there in the sandpile at nurseryschool【幼儿园】.2 tilings【瓷砖】 back where you found them.3 Goldfish and hamsters【仓鼠】and white mice【mouse:老鼠】and even the little seed in the plastic cup-they all die【死亡】. So do we. 6.Thinkof【考虑，思考】 what a better

5、world it would be if we all-the whole world-had cookies and milk about 3 o'clock every afternoon Lesson3(重点课文，阅读，翻译) 1 office is the mutual【共同的，相互的】product【产物，产品】 of economic【经济的】 ,scientific【科学的】 ,and social【社会的】 progress【发展，进步】. Mobile office has become asolution【解决方法】 that provides【提供】 users

6、withconvenient【方便的】,prompt【及时的，迅速的】,safe,reliable【可靠的】,andreasonably【合理地，明智地】 priced【附有定价的】communications【通讯，通信】 Using mobile officeand WAP【无线接入协议】technology【技术】 ,people can do their work anywhere anytime2010年考题 ,cansend and receive data【数据】 viaterminals【终端，末端】 such as mobilephone,palm【手掌】computer,a

7、nd PDA【个人数字助理】,and can surf【冲浪】 the Internet. Integrating【使结合】Internet and mobile communications【通讯，通信】network【网络】,and providingpowerful【强大的】applications【应用】support capacity【能力】for wireless【无线的】interconnection【互相联络】, 2 you leave your office to attend【参加】 meetings or travel onbusiness【因公】, When yourc

8、lients【客户】 need you to make someurgent【紧急的，急迫的】modifications【修改】 on your work and you are neither in the office norcarrying relevant【相关的】 documents【文件】,what can you do? 4.Mobile office has provided people with convenient,casual【随意的，随便的】 workingenvironment【环境】, we believe that withtechnical【技术的】 prog

9、ress,people can certainly overcome【克服，战胜】 all kinds of difficulties. Lesson4(语法为主)1.No matter where you're going or how long you're staying,keepreading! These tips【建议，小费】 will help you make the most of anyurban【城市的】adventure【冒险活动】. 12.If" you're not afraid to get lost,you'll see

10、 more-and you'll have a better time! Lesson5(语法为主) 1.Many of us dream of having thousands and thousands of dollars tospend【花费】 on anything wedesire【渴望】. 1 While【虽然】 having some money does have an impact【影响】 on ourlevel【水平，等级】 of happiness, 2 after US$50.000,happiness does not increase【增加】 assala

11、ries【薪水】 go up. 4.'The more you make,the more you want. The more you have,the less it brings youjoy【欢乐，乐趣】," 6."If you're looking for happiness in life,find the right husband or wife rather than【而不】 trying to double【加倍】 your salary." Lesson6(语法为主) 1.An old song says that "

12、;love makes the world go around."补充：以下词在主动语态中不带 to,被动语态要加 to.吾看：look at, see, observe,notice,watch三室(使)：make ,let have两厅听：listen to,hear一感觉：feel The whole country breaks out【爆发】 with little red hearts. 3. When two couple【一对】go out together, it 's called doubledating. A friend might even arr

13、ange【安排】ablind【盲人的】 date for you with someone you don't know.4.After a while,【不久】a boy and a girl may decide they want to go steady【稳定的】.5. Romantic love is very mucha part of American culture【文化】.6.Actually【实际上】, love is a part of every culture, not just American culture. People all over the wo

14、rldsearch【寻找】 forhappiness in a loving【爱的】relationship【关系】. Maybe love does make the world go around. Lesson7(重点文章，翻译文章 1.2.3.段) 1 Although recent years have seensubstantial【大量的】reductions【减少】 innoxious【有毒的】pollutants【污染物质】 from individual【个人的】 motor vehicles【机动车辆】, thenumber of such vehicles has be

15、en steadily【稳定地】 increasing【增加】. Consequently【因此】，There is a growing realization【认识】 that the only effective【有效的】 way to achieve【实现】 further reductions in vehicleemissions【排放】 -short of【除.之外】a massive【大量的】shift【去掉】 away from theprivate【私人的】automobile【汽车】 -is to replace【取代，代替】conventional【传统的】 diesel

16、【柴油】 fuel【燃料】 and gasoline【汽油】 with cleaner-burning fuels suchas【例如】compressed【压缩的】natural gas【天然气】.liquefied【液化的】 petroleum【石油】 gas, ethanol【乙醇】, ormethanol【甲醇】.2 of these alternatives【替换物】 are carbon-based fuels whosemolecules【分子】 are smaller and simpler than those of gasoline【汽油】. On the other ha

17、nd, alternative fuels do havedrawbacks【缺点】. aserious【严重的】liability【不利】 in terms of【就.而言】 performance【外观，表演】 and fuel efficiency3 Ethanol【乙醇】 iscommonly【通常地】 used as a gasolinesupplement【补充】, but it iscurrently【当前】 about twice as expensive asmethanol【甲醇】, Lesson8(语法为主)1. They are the principles【原则，准则

18、】 on which my wife and I have tried to bring up our family. They are the principles in which my father believed and by whichhe governed【统治，管理】 his life. They are the principles,many of them,which I learned at my mother'sknee【膝盖】. 5.I believe in thesupreme【最高的】worth【价值】 of theindividual【个人】 and i

19、n his right to life,liberty【自由】,and thepursuit【追求，追赶】 of happiness. 6. I believe that everyright implies【含有，暗示】 aresponsibility【责任】; 7. I believe thatthe law【法律】 was made for man and not man for the law; 8.I believe in thedignity【高尚，尊贵】of labor【劳动】, 9. I believe thatthrift【节约】 is essential【必不可少的】 to

20、 Lesson9(语法为主)2. There are many similarities【相似】 between public speaking anddaily【日常的】conversation【交谈】. You tailor【修改】 your message to your audience. You tell astory for maximum【最大的】 impact【影响】. You adapt to【适应于】 feedback【反馈】 from your listener. 3.Of course,public speaking is also different from con

21、versation. First,public speaking is more highly structured【结构】than conversation. itrequires【需要】 more detailed【详细的】 preparation【准备】 than does ordinary conversation. Effective speakers adjust【调整】 their voices to the larger audience and work atavoiding【防止】 distracting【分散】physical【身体的】mannerism【特殊习惯】and

22、 verbal【口头的】habits【习惯】. 4.Your speech class will give you anopportunity【时机】 togain confidence【信心】 and make your nervousness work for you rather than【而不】 against you. if youthink positively【积极地】,choose speech topics you really careabout【关心】,preparethoroughly【彻底地】,andconcentrate on【将.集中于】 communicatin

23、g with your audience. 5.Whatever the speakercommunicates【传达】is the message, which is sent by means of aparticular【特殊的】 channel. Lesson10(语法为主) 1.For any woman who has dreamed of"Knight【骑士】 in shiningarmor【铠甲】",the perfect man,or just a man who would give up the TV remote control,you have f

24、ound him here.3.He is mainly occupied in merely removing【搬开】the obstacles【障碍】 which hinder【阻碍】 the free and unembarrassed【不尴尬的】 action of those about him, 6.he can recollect【回忆】 to whom he is speaking; 9.He has too much good sense to beaffronted【被侮辱的】 atinsults【辱骂，侮辱】,he is too well employed to reme

25、mberinjuries【伤害】,and tooindolent【懒惰的】 to bear malice【恶意】. Lesson11(重点文章，阅读，翻译) 1. Americans smoke six thousand millioncigarettes【香烟】 every year (1970 figures). This is roughly【大体上】 theequivalent【等量，相等的】 of 4,195 cigarettes a year for every person in the country of 18 years of age or more. It is esti

26、mated【估计】 that 51% of American men smoke compared with 34% of American women. 2. Since1939,numerous【许多的】 scientific studies have been conducted todetermine【确定】 whether smoking is a health hazard【危险】. The trend【趋势】 of the evidence【证据】 has been consistent【一致的】 and indicates【说明】that there is a serious

27、health risk. Research teams have conducted studiesthat show beyond【除之外】 all reasonable doubt that tobacco【烟草，烟叶】smoking,particularly【特别】 cigarette smoking,is associated with【联系】 shortened life expectancy【平均寿命】. 3. Cigarette smoking is believed by most research workers inthis field to be an important

28、 factor【因素】 in the developmentof cancer of the lungs【肺】and cancer of the throat【咽喉】 and is believed to be related to cancer of thebladder【膀胱】 and the oralcavity【口腔】. 4. Some competent【有能力的】 physicians【内科医生】 and research workers-though their small number is decreased even further-are less sure of the

29、 effect of cigarette smoking on health. 5. Apart from the scientific statistics,it might be helpful to look at what smoking tobacco actually does to the human body. 6. Smoking also affectsthe heart and blood vessels【血管】. It is known to be related to Beurger's disease,a narrowing ofthe small vein

30、s【静脉】 in the hands and feet that can cause great pain and lead even toamputation【截肢手术】 of limbs【肢】. Smokers also die much more often from heart disease. 7. While all tobacco smoking affects life and expectancy and health,cigarette smoking appears to have a much greater effect than cigar or pipe smok

31、ing. Lesson12(阅读文章) 6."How long have you been doing this?" hepursued.【追赶，继续】17.She discovered【发现】 how clay【粘土】 beds ,which existed【存在】for millions of years,were formed. 20.Some were so small they could stand on the head of a pin【大头针】; while others were so large one could feel the weight【重量

32、】 of them in one's hand. 24.If given a chance,will you take it? If given no chance,can you make one? Lesson13(阅读文章) 1. Alberta islocated【坐落】 in the western part of Canada and is thewesternmost【最西的】 among thePrairie【大草原】 Provinces. To its westis British Columbia【哥伦比亚】 while to its east isSaskatch

33、ewan【萨斯喀彻温省】. 2. With an area ofapproximately【大约】 255,212 square miles【英里】, equivalent【相等的，相当的】 to 661,000 squarekilometers【公里】,it is the fourth largest province in Canada. The province was named after Princess Louis Caroline Alberta,a daughter of Queen Victoria of England. It became a province of C

34、anada in 1905. 3. The people of Alberta originally【起初，原来】 came from many different countries.Although there are only a limited【有限的】 number of Indiansliving on reservations【保留地】now,two hundred years ago theywere the only inhabitants【居民】 in what is now called Alberta. 4.Even now,raising cattle is stil

35、l one of the leading branches of economy. Alberta is also rich inforest resources【资源】,coal and oil.It is one of the main timber【木材】 producing provinces in Canada. Owing to【由于】 itsrich deposit【储蓄,矿藏】 in oil,petroleum industry has become one of the most importantindustries of the province,with many oi

36、l fields【油田】 andrefineries【炼油厂】. Alberta also produces more coal than any other province. 5.The third largest city isLethbridge【莱斯桥】, having a population of about 67,000 persons. 7. Alberta is located in the MountainStandard【标准】 TimeZone【时区】. Lesson14(以前的翻译，阅读文章，语法为主) 1.Have you ever stopped to thin

37、k how your life would change if the world ran out of oil? Take a look at your day. 2.All owe their origin【起源，来源】 to the oil known as petroleum. 4. Scientists predict【预言】 that the world's known oilresources【资源】 will run out early in the next century. But long before then the world will have to de

38、cide on its priorities【优先权】. Can we afford【提供，买得起】 to use so much of ourlimited【有限的】 petroleum supplies forprivate【私人的】 motoring? 5. There is an old English saying,"Necessity【需要】 is the mother of invention【发明】," which means that when you are faced with a need youwill discover【发现】 some way

39、Lesson15(语法为主) 2. Weare aware【知道的】 thatat the end of the central【中心的】 hole in this outer ear there is something called the middle ear, 3. Animals such as dogs and cats also haveconspicuous【明显的】 outer ears,but few of usprobably【大概，可能】 ever stopped to think whether there might be such a thing as a mid

40、dle and inner ear beneath thosepointed【尖的】 tips【末端】. 7. The inner ear is composed ofdelicate【脆弱的】 membranes【薄膜】 which beardense【密集的】patches【小片】 ofspecialized【特殊的】 cells calledmaculae【macula:斑疹】. 10. Whether or not hearing is really produced in all animalsby the effect【影响】of pressure【压力】is not defini

41、tely【明确地】 known Lesson16(阅读文章为主) 1.Most people have heard ofthe Tower of Babel【巴别塔】 story in theBible【圣经】. 2.As English and German speakers constitute【组成，构成】 the majorities in several of the world's mosteconomically【经济地】,militarily【军事地】,and technologically【科技地】 developed countries,it is importan

42、t to be familiar with thisparticular【特殊的，详情】 language grouping. 3.The Scandinavian languagesof Danish【丹麦语】,Icelandic【冰岛语】,Norwegian【挪威语】,and Swedish【瑞典语】 comprise【构成，包含】 the North Germanic grouping. 5.Speakers and writers of the Germanic languages account for【2010考题】 a great deal of the world'so

43、utput【产品】 in everything fromeconomics【经济】 toliterature【文学】 tomilitary【军事】 to science and technology. Hardly an aspect【方面】 of modern life does not benefit from the contributions【奉献】 made by those using these languages, Lesson17(阅读文章 5.6.7段落为主) 1.Coca-Cola is the best-selling【最畅销的】 soft【软的】 (non-alcoh

44、olic) drink in the world. 165 million "Cokes" are sold every day,fromthe equator【赤道】 tothe Arctic【北极】 . Lesson18重点文章，阅读为主 1.One of the odder【奇怪的】 coincidences【巧合】 of physical【自然的】 geography【地理】 is the fact that there are twodouble【双的】 islands,roughly【大体上】 the same size, positioned at each

45、other'santipodes【相对极】 , orfarthest-distant【遥远的】 point. 2.Given the beauty of these three islands,what makes South Island sospecial【特殊的，特别的】? 4.With almost no heavy industry on South Island,the air,water,and land are all free of pollution. 5. The fresh air is sometimes humid【潮湿的】 from the abundan

46、t【2010年考题】【大量的】 rainfall of this area. Lesson19非重点文章 1.Newspapers arecockroaches【蟑螂】 . No matter what is introduced into the mediaecosystem【生态系统】, the oldestof the Big Media survives【幸存，存活】 . Despite【尽管】 decades【十年】of doomsayers【凶事预示者】, newspapers prospered【成功，兴旺】 through radio, Lesson20非重点文章，虚拟语气 I

47、f Lincoln Had Used a Computer如果林肯使用过电脑1. The ad for a software【软件】 program【程序】 caught my eye. It said,"Write better in 30 days or your money back." 2. I'm familiar with computer programs thatcorrect【纠正】 spelling through the use of built-in【内置】 dictionaries. Lesson21无知识点 Lesson22翻译文章，生僻

48、的单词不用看 An Introduction to Distillation 1.for example,gasolines【汽油】,2. Refining petroleum is a complex【复杂的】 series of steps by which theoriginal【最初的】crude material is eventually converted【转化】 intosalable【可销售的】 products with thedesired【渴望的】 qualities【质量】 3. that is,crude oil must be converted into pro

49、ducts according to the rate of sale of each. To prevent theoccurrence【发生】 of such a situation,the refinery must beflexible【灵活的】 and able to change operations as needed. Lesson23知识点为主 1. Speaking English fluently【流利地】 and accurately【准确地】 is a goal of many people studying English in China.Fluency【流利】

50、can besimply【2010年考题】 defined【定义】 as"being able to communicate【交流，交际】ideas without having to stop and think too much about what one is saying" So,how do we balance【平衡】 accuracy【准确】 and fluency in spoken English? 2. So,how do we balance【平衡】accuracy【准确】 and fluency in spoken English? 4. But,

51、if they make a lot of mistakes,they may find it difficult to get their ideas across. 6. Find the problem. What kind of person are you-one who focuses on accuracy or one who focuses on fluency? 7.If you have a problem with the third person singular,try to concentrate on when you make such errors. Les

52、son24知识点为主1. Spacecraft【宇宙飞船】from the United States and from Russia have been to the moon,and men have walked upon its surface【外表】 2.Were scientists right about what the moon would be like? 7. The surface itselfranges【变化】 from heat of 230to cold of minus 290,depending upon where the sun is. 9. In sp

53、ite of all we have learned from space flights【太空飞行】,the moon is still ariddle from the distant【遥远的】 past Lesson25知识点为主 1. Books are tomankind【人类】 whatmemory【记忆力】 is to theindividual【个人】. Lesson26重点文章，翻译，阅读 2.True;electricity is one kind of energy.However,energy comes inmany forms【形式】. 9.Radiant ener

54、gy is also called light energy.Our mostimportant source【来源】 of radiant energy is ,of course,the sun.Without it there would be no life,for plant life depends upon radiant energy-and we depend upon plant life. Lesson27非重点文章 A Handful of【一把】History扑克-手中的历史 Lesson28语法为主 3. She wassurprised【感到惊奇的】 andsus

55、picious【疑心的】,then,when I called and suggested the two of us go out to dinner and a movie. 5. When I pulled intoher driveway【车道】,she was waiting by the door with her coat on. 6.We talked for so long that we missed the movie. Lesson29阅读文章 1.People think a great deal of them, so much so that on allthe

56、highest pillars【支柱】 in the great cities of the world you will find the figure【塑像】of a conqueror or a general or a soldier. Animalsfight【搏斗】; so dosavages【野蛮人】; Fighting means killing, and civilized peoples【民族】 ought to be able to find some way of settling theirdisputes【争论】other than byseeing which s

57、ide can kill off【消灭】the greater number of the other side,2. That is what the story of mankind【人类】 has on the whole been like. 3.From the point of view ofevolution【进化】, human beings are very young childrenindeed【确实，确实】, Lesson30重点文章语法为主 1. The vast expanse【广阔的区域】 of the United States of America stret

58、ches【延伸】 fromthe heavily industrialized【工业化的】 ,metropolitan【大城市的】Atlantic【大西洋的】seaboard【海岸】 acrossthe rich flat【平坦的】 farms of the centralplains【平原】,The entire【全部的】 nation (all 50 states) covers an area of9 million square kilometers and has a population【人口】 of 220 million people. 2. The sparsely【稀少的】

59、 settled【定居】,far-northern state of Alaska is the largest of America's 50 states It is more than two and a half times the size of Sichuan province,Texas,in the southern part of the country,is second in size. Texas is half the size of Alaska. 4. America's earlysettlers【移民】 were attracted by thefertile land and varied【各种各样的】 climates it offered for farming. Florida and California are famous for theircitrus【柑橘】 fruit