2019-2020年高中英语语法讲练结合-名词性从句

1、2019-2020年高中英语语法讲练结合-名词性从句一.概念名词性从句共有四种：主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句和同位语从句二.相关知识点精讲(1) 语从句：主语从句在整个句子中作主语。(1)不同于其它的连词，它不充当句子的成分，只是单纯的连接词，通常不可以省略。分句置于句首时，that绝对不可以省略。Thatthedrivercouldnotcontrolhiswarwasobvious.Itwasobviousthatthedrivercouldnotcontrolhiscar.(2)if不能用在主语从句中，而是用whetherWhetherheleft(ornot)isunknown(3)当

2、主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用第三人称单数，下面这个句型例外。Whatweneedismoretimeandmoney.Whatweneedaremanymorebooks.(2) 语从句：表语从句出现在系动词后，充当表语。Thetroubleisthatweareshortofmoney.Goandgetyourcoat.Itswhereyouleftit.(1)引导表语从句除了上述三类词外还有because,asif/asthough等等Thereason(why/forwhich.)isthatIt/This/Thatisbecause(2)连系动词appear,look,seem”的

3、两个常用句型Itseems/appearsthat.Itlooks/seemsasif/asthough(与事实相符用陈述语气，与事实相反用虚拟语气)(3) as也可以引导表语从句Thingsarenotalwaysastheyseemtobe3.宾语从句：及物动词，形容词和介词后加宾语从句作其宾语。(1)宾语从句时态与主句相呼应，但宾语从句表示的是客观真理或普遍现象除外Theteachertoldusthattheearthmovesaroundthesun(2)连词whether和if可以互换，但注意下列情况连词后紧跟ornot时用whetherIwanttoknowwhetherorno

4、ttheywille.作介词宾语是用whether引导宾语从句Hewasinterestedinwhetherhesawherthere.连接词后直接加不定式，不能用if只能用whetherHedoesntknowwhethertostayornot.如果宾语从句是否定时，一般用if引导Icareifhewillnotattendthemeeting.(3)当宾语从句后带宾补时，要用“主语+谓语+it+宾补+that-clause,that不可省略Ithinkitcertainthatshewilldowellinherexam.(4) 当主语是I,we,主句用think,believe,su

5、ppose,expect,imagine五个动词时，用否定转移Idontthinkhewillwinthegame,willhe?(5) that在宾语从句常可以省略，但由and或but连接两个或多个宾语从句时，仅可以省略第一个连词thatHesaid(that)hehadeatennothingbutthathewasnthungry.(6)注意区别if引导的宾语从句和条件状语从句Idontknowifhewille.Ifhees,Illletyouknow.4.同位语从句，在句中作某些名词的同位语，对前面的名词进一步说明。用在下列名词fact,news,idea,hope,believe,

6、hope,thought,doubt.truth,order,suggestion,wordetc.(1) Thereisnodoubtthathewille.Thereisdoubtwhetherhewille.WordcamethatNapoleonwouldetoinspectthem.Thereisnopossibilitythat.(2) that引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别：在同位语从句中：that不可以省略，不作成分；定语从句的关系代词that在定语从句作成分，作宾语时可以省略Weareinterestedinthenewsthatsomeforeignerswouldvis

7、itourschool.Weareinterestedinthenewsthathetoldus.when,where引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别：在定语从句中，when,where前有分别表示时间、地点的先行词；而在同位语从句中无此对应关系Theyhavenoideaatallwherehehasgone.(同位语从句)Goandgetyourcoat.Itsintheplacewhereyouleftit.(定语从句)5 .疑问词-ever既可以引导名词性从句，也可以引导让步状语从句，而nomatter+疑问词只能引导让步状语从句NomatterwhereIgo,myheartisto

8、wardsChina.Ibelieverwhateverhesays.Whateverhesays,Iwillneverbelievehim.who与whoever的区另Uwho是谁”的意思，表示具有疑问，who相当于anyonewho无论谁Whoeverleavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.Canyoutellmewhothatgentlemanis?6 .当名词性从句缺少主语、宾语或表语时，引导词通常用what,它相当于。另外，有时具有感叹意义allthat,anythingthat或thething(s)thatWhatwecantgetsee

9、msbetterthanwhatwehave.TomthoughtwhatabeautifulgirlMarywas.7 .注意区分it作形式主语的主语从句与强调句强调句句型Itis/was+被强调部分+that,去掉Itis/was,that,句子仍然成立。Itisnaturalthattheyshouldhavedifferentviews.主语从句Itisonlylatelythathehadhadafamilyhimself.强调句Whatwasitthathewanted?Idontknowwhatitwasthathewanted.Itwasinthehotelwherehesta

10、yedthatwediscussedtheseriousproblem8 .注意it作形式主语的主语从句和as引导非限制性定语从句引导的不同Itisknowntoallthattheearthisround.Asisknowntoall.theearthisround.三.巩固练习1. hedoeshasnothingtodowithme.A.whateverB.NomatterwhatC.ThatD.If2. ThemanagercameoverandaskedthecustomerhowA.didthequarrelcameaboutB.thequarrelhadeaboutC.hadth

11、equarreleaboutD.hadthequarreleabout3. Energyismakesthingwork.A.whatB.somethingC.anythingD.that4. Informationhasbeenputforwardmoremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.A.whileB.thatC.whenD.as5. ThisistheshenzhouVSpaceshiplanded.A.thereB.inwhichC.whereD.when6. Theyhavenoideaatall.A.where

12、hehasgoneB.wheredidhegoC.whichplacehashegoneD.wherehashegone7. Thedoctordidalottoreducethepatientsfearhewoulddieofthedisease.A.thatB.whichC.ofwhichD.ofthat8. Theordercamethesoldiersthesmallvillagethenextmorning.A.that;hadtoleaveB.that;shouldleaveC./;mustleaveD.when;shouldleave9. isnopossibilityBobca

13、nwinthefirstprizeinthematch.A.There;thatB.It;thatC.there;whetherD.It;whether10. Thequestioncameupatthemeetingwehadenoughmoneyforourresearch.A.thatB.whichC.whetherD.if11. Ishesaidreallytrue?A.thatB.whatC.whyD.whether12. themeetingshouldlasttwodaysorthreedaysdoesntmatter.A.ThatB.WhetherC.IfD.Where13.

14、Itworriedherabitherhairwasturninggray.A.whileB.ifC.thatD.for14. morecountriescanusenaturalenergyinthefutureremainstobeseen.A.WhetherB.ThisC.whoD.If15. hewillgotoworkinamountainvillagesurprisesallofus.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhetherD.If16. youdontlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhoD.How17. alltheinvent

15、ionshaveinmonistheyhavesucceeded.A.What;whatB.That;thatC.what;thatD.That;what18. appearedtomethatheenjoyedthefoodverymuch.A.WhatB.ItC.AllthatD.That19. Itiswidelythatsmokingcancausecancer.A.believedB.thinkC.sayD.hoped20. causedtheaccidentisstillapletemystery.A.WhatB.ThatC.HowD.Where21. healwaysserves

16、thepeopleverywellisknown.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhichD.Who22. haspassedthetestwillgetaprize.A.WhoeverB.NomaterwhoC.WhomeverD.Who23. Istruethatthefamousscientistwillgiveusalecturenextweek?AthatBitChisDhe24. IthasnotbeendecidedtheywillleaveforNewYork.A.whenBwhyCthatDwhat25. Obviouslywedomorningexerciseseveryda

17、yusgood.A.thatdoB.if;doCwhat;doesD.that;dose26. Itissaidwasallhesaid.Athat;that;thatBwhat;what;whatCthat;which;whatDthat;that;which27getshomefirstistocookthesupper.A.WhoBWhomC.ThosewhoD.Whoever28 movedusmostwashelikedaftertheoldmanformorethantwentyyears.A.That;thatB.What;thatCWhat;whatD.That;what29

18、.youdiditisnotknowntoall.A.WhoB.WhatC.HowD.Which30 .youdoshouldbewelldone.AHowB.ThatC.WhateverDWhy31 .ThereasonIplantogoisshewillbedisappointedifIdont.A.becauseB.thatC.thankstoD.what32 .Whattimedoyouthink_?A.willTomebackB.TomwillebackC.isTomingbackD.canTomgethere33 .Theteachersaidthatlight_fastertha

19、nsound.A.HastraveledB.traveledC.hadtraveledD.travels1.1. isstillaquestionwillwin.A.It;thatB.It;whoC.That;whoD.This;that35. IfyouknowitwasthatwriteATaleofTwoCities,raiseyourhand.A.whomB.whichC.whoD.that36. Insomecountries,arecalled“publicschools“arenotownedbythestate.A.thatB.whichC.asD.what37. Thinki

20、ngyouknowinfactyoudontisaterriblemistake.A.that;thatB.what;whatC.that;whatD.whatthat38. Whetherwayswillbefoundtostoppollutionornotisjust_worriesthepublic.A.whyB.whichC.thatD.what39. Whydontyoubring_tohisattentionthatyouaretoobusytodoit?A.thatB.whatC.thatD.it40. DavidsayssoundsrighttoHelen.Thatswhysh

21、ehasmadeuphermindtoleavewithhimhappens.A.whatever;whateverB.Nomatterwhat;whateverC.Nomatterwhat;NomatterwhatD.Whatever;however41. ThatisIwasbornandgrewup.A.ThereB.inwhichC.whereD.theplace42. shewasinvitedtotheballmadeherveryhappy.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhenD.Because43 .wearedoinghasneverbeendonebefore.A.That

22、B.WhatC.WhichD.Whether44 .-Haveyoufoundyourbookyet?-No,ImnotsureIcouldhaveleftit.A.whetherB.whereC.whenD.why45. Thedoctorcouldntanswerthequestionthepatientcouldsurvivethatnight.A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.what46. Ifirmlybelievehesaidatthemeetingwasright.A.thatB.whichC.thatwhatD.whatthat47. -Whatwereyoutryi

23、ngtoprovetothepolice?-Iwaslastnight.A.ThatB.WhenC.WhereD.What48. Ithink,thoughIcouldbemistaken,_helikedme.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.what49. Atthemeeting,wediscussedweshouldemploymoreworkers.A.ifB.whetherC.thatD./50. Afterseemedlikehourshecameoutwithabittersmile.A.whichB.itC.whatD.that四.答案15ABABC610AABAC11

24、15BBCAB1620BCBAA2125BABAD2630ADBCC3135BBDBC3640DCDDA4145CBBBC4650CCCBC2019-2020年高中英语语法讲练结合-定语从句一.概念在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句，称为定语从句，也叫形容词性从句二.相关知识点精讲1 .关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。1) who,whom,that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。例如：Ishethemanwho/thatwa

25、ntstoseeyou?他就是你想见的人吗？(who/that在从句中作主语)Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)2) whose用来指人或物，(只用作定语,若指物，它还可以同ofwhich互换)。例如：Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。Pleasepassmethebookwhose(ofwhich)coverisgreen.请递给我那本绿皮的书。3) which,that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句

26、中可作主语、宾语等。例如：Aprosperitywhich/thathadneverbeenseenbeforeappearsinthecountryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which/that在句中作宾语)Thepackage(which/that)youarecarryingisabouttoeunwrapped.你拿的包快散了。(which/that在句中作宾语)2 .关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。1)关系副词when,where,why的含义相当于介词+which结构，因此常常和介词+which结构交替使用。例如：T

27、hereareoccasionswhen(onwhich)onemustyield.任何人者B有不得不屈服的时候。Beijingistheplacewhere(inwhich)Iwasborn.北京是我的出生地。Isthisthereasonwhy(forwhich)herefusedouroffer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？2) that代替关系副词，可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when,where,why和介词+which引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。例如：Hisfatherdiedtheyear(that/when/inwhich)hewasborn

28、.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。Heisunlikelytofindtheplace(that/where/inwhich)helivedfortyyearsago.他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。3 .判断关系代词与关系副词方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIstayedlastyear.这是我去年呆过的山村。IllneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedtogetherwithyou.我永远不会忘t己与你共事的

29、日子。习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where,when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词(who,whom,that,which,whose);先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词(where地点状语，when时间状语，why原因状语)。4 .限制性和非限制性定语从句1)定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去

30、掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。例如：Thisisthehousewhichweboughtlastmonth.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）Thehouse,whichweboughtlastmonth,isverynice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）2）当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。例如：CharlesSmith,whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear.查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。Myhouse,whichIboughtlastyear,has

31、gotalovelygarden.我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。Thisnovel,whichIhavereadthreetimes,isverytouching.这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。3）非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词，对其进行修饰，这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。例如：HeseemsnottohavegraspedwhatImeant,whichgreatlyupsetsme.他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。Liquidwaterchangestovapor,whichiscalledevaporation.液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。说明：关系代词tha

32、t和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。5 .介词+关系词1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。2）that前不能有介词。3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的介词+关系词结构可以同关系副词when和where互换。例如：ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.这是我两年前住过的房子。ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub?还t己得你力口入我们俱乐吾B的那一天吗？Doyourememberthedaywhenyoujoinedourclu

33、b?6 .as,which非限定性定语从句由as,which引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于andthis或andthat。As一般放在句首，which在句中。例如：Asweknow,smokingisharmfultooneshealth.如我们所知，吸烟有害健康。Thesunheatstheearth,whichisveryimportanttous.太阳使地球暖起来，这对我们人类很重要。as和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：（1） as引导的定语从句可置于句首，

34、而which不可。（2） as代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.o7 .先行词和关系词二合一1） Whoeverspitsinpublicwillbepunishedhere.（Whoever可以用anyonewho代替）2） Theparentswillusewhattheyhavetosendtheirsontotechnicalschool.（what可以用allthat代替）8. what/whatever;that/what;who/whoever1) what=thethingwhich;whateve

35、r=anything。例如：Whatyouwanthasbeensenthere.你要的动词都送来了。Whateveryouwantmakesnodifferencetome.不管你要什么,跟我没什么关系。2) who=thepersonthatwhoever=anyonewho。例如：3) that和what当that引导定语从句时，通常用作关系代词，而引导名词性从句时，是个不充当任何成分的连接词。宾语从句和表语从句中的that常可省略。What只能引导名词性从句，用作连接代词，作从句的具体成分，且不能省略。例如：Ithink(that)youwilllikethestamps.我想你会喜欢

36、这些邮票的。Whatweneedismorepractice.我们需要的是更多的实践。9.关系代词that的用法1)不用that的情况a)引导非限定性定语从句时。例如：(错)Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.b)介词后不能用。例如：Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.我们依赖土地获得食物。Wedependonthelandthat/whichwegetourfoodfrom.2)只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况a) 在therebe句型中，只用that,不用which。b)

37、在不定代tBJ,如：anything,nothing,theone,all,much,few,any,little等作先行词时，只用that,不用which。c) 先行词有theonly,thevery修饰时，只用that。d)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用thato.e)先行词既有人，又有物时。例如：Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.所需的只是供油问题。Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolentothepolice.那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。三.巩固练习1. Hisparentswouldnt

38、lethimmarryanyonefamilywaspoor.A.ofwhomB.whomC.ofwhoseD.whose2. Sheheardaterriblenoise,broughtherheartintohermouth.A.itB.whichC.thisD.that3. Inthedarkstreet,therewasntasinglepersonshecouldturnforhelp.A.thatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhom4. Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.whatB.whi

39、chC.thatD.it5. AfterlivinginPairsforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltownhegrewupasachild.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when6. CarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,personallyIdoubtverymuch.A.itB.thatC.whenD.which7. Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,ofcourse,madetheothersunhappy.A.whoB.whichC.thi

40、sD.what8. RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,wasveryreasonable.A.whichpriceB.thepriceofwhichC.itspriceD.thepriceofwhose9. hasalreadybeenpointedout,grammarisnotasetofdeadrules.A.AsB.ItC.ThatD.Which10. HelivedinLondonfor3months,duringtimehelearnedsomeEnglish.A.thisB.whichC.thatD.same11. Ohthewallhung

41、apicture,colorisblue.A.whoseB.ofwhichC.whichD.its12 .WheneverImethim,wasfairlyoften,Ilikehissweetandhopefulsmile.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.when13 .Thevisitoraskedtheguidetotakehispicturestandsthefamoustower.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.there14 .ThebossdepartmentMsKingworkedtenyearsagolookdownuponwomen.A.inwhich

42、B.inthatC.inwhoseD.whose15 .Idontlikeyouspeaktoher.A.thewayB.thewayinthatC.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhich16.Ihadneitheraraincoatnoranumbrella.Igotwetthrough.A.ItsthereasonB.ThatswhyC.ThereswhyD.Itshow17. Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,ofgreatimportancetoscience.A.whichIthinkisB.whichIthinkitisC.whichIt

43、hinkitD.Ithinkwhichis18. Hewasveryrudetothecustomsofficer,ofcoursemadethingsevenworse.A.whoB.whomC.whatD.which19. a)Heisaninterestingspeaker,and,ismoreimportant,heknowshissubjectthoroughly.b)Hewenttothemeeting,and,wasworse,insistedonspeaking.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.when20. Thefarmeruseswoodtobuildahous

44、etostoregrain.A.inwhichB.whereC.whichD.withwhich21. Iwillinvitemydaughterloves.A.whoeverB.whomeverC.whicheverD.whatever22. Youcanbuyasmanycopiesofthisbookyouwants.A.thatB.whichC.asD.forwhich23. Tomatemorefoodwasgoodforhishealth.A.thatB.asC.thanD.which24. Hewashidingbehindthedoorhecouldseewhatwashappening.A.whichB.fromwhereCfromwhichD.where25. Shewore,wasveryunmoninthecountry,aredgarment.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.it=Sheworearedgarment,wasveryunmoninthecountry.26. TheEnglishplaymystudentsactedattheNewYearspartywasagreatsuccess.A.forwhichB.atwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich27.