英语分词讲述

1、 Grammar Participles一一 分词的概述分词的概述 分词在句中起形容词和副词的作用。在句中作分词在句中起形容词和副词的作用。在句中作表语、表语、定语、状语定语、状语和和宾语补足语宾语补足语。 分词包括现在分词和过去分词。分词包括现在分词和过去分词。 现在分词：现在分词：do+ing 过去分词：规则动词过去分词：规则动词 V+ed 不规则动词不规则动词 go-went-gone现在分词与过去分词的区别现在分词与过去分词的区别 1语态上：语态上：现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动 Do you know the woman talking to Tom?

2、The soldier wounded in the war has become a doctor. 2 时态上：时态上：现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成 developing country / developed country boiling water/boiled water二、分词的作用二、分词的作用 1、作定语、作定语 分词作定语有两种形式分词作定语有两种形式: 前置定语和后置定语。前置定语和后置定语。（1）前置定语）前置定语 He is a promising young man. We only sell used books. （2）后置定语）

3、后置定语 The young man sitting between John and Mary is the editor of the campus newspaper. The bridge built last month needs repairing. （3）分词短语作定语必须置于被修饰词之后，相当于一个定语）分词短语作定语必须置于被修饰词之后，相当于一个定语从句。从句。 Those wishing to join this club should sign here. (=Those who wish to join the club should sign here.) The

4、 man, delighted with the news, told everybody about what had happened. (=The man, who was delighted with the news, told everybody about what had happened.)（4）过去分词作定语在意义上有两种可能：表示被动和）过去分词作定语在意义上有两种可能：表示被动和完成，只表完成。完成，只表完成。 the question discussed yesterday （既表示被动也表示完成）（既表示被动也表示完成） the fallen leaves (只表示

5、完成，不表示被动只表示完成，不表示被动) 在英语中只表完成不表被动的往往是一些不及物动词的在英语中只表完成不表被动的往往是一些不及物动词的过去分词。过去分词。 the changed situation a newly returned student等。等。2、作表语、作表语 分词作表语表示主语的某种性质或状态。如：分词作表语表示主语的某种性质或状态。如： She was too frightened to move. What you said is really inspiring. The football match is exciting. This book is very in

6、teresting. I am interested in this book.3、作宾语补足语、作宾语补足语 可以跟宾语补足语的谓语动词有可以跟宾语补足语的谓语动词有 see, watch, hear, set, keep, find, have, get 等词。等词。 I saw him walking in the street. I heard them singing in the classroom. A）I heard my brother ( singing , sung ) in the next room. B）I heard the song ( singing , su

7、ng ) in English . 注：注： feel , hear , notice see , watch等后面既可以用等后面既可以用现在分词作宾语补足语，也可用不带现在分词作宾语补足语，也可用不带to的不定式来充的不定式来充当。当。 I saw him crossing the street. I saw him cross the street. 用现在分词作宾语补足语，强调分词动作在用现在分词作宾语补足语，强调分词动作在发生和进行发生和进行之中之中；用不带；用不带to的不定式来充当宾语补足语，则着重的不定式来充当宾语补足语，则着重说明不定式动作从说明不定式动作从发生到结束的全过程。发

8、生到结束的全过程。 They heard him something aloud in the next room. They heard him something aloud in the next room for a while. readreading 过去分词与宾语之间是被动的关系。过去分词与宾语之间是被动的关系。 1. I heard my name _(call). 2 .I found the egg _(eat) by a snake. 3. I cant make myself _(understand) because of my broken English. eat

9、enunderstoodcalled Have + sth. +done/doing have 后面的宾语补足语用过去分词常表示动作不是句后面的宾语补足语用过去分词常表示动作不是句子的主语发出的，而是由别人做的子的主语发出的，而是由别人做的; 后面的宾补用现在后面的宾补用现在分词表示动作由宾语发出，并强调动作的持续性。分词表示动作由宾语发出，并强调动作的持续性。 I have my hair cut. She has her bike repaired. They have their house rebuilt. The doctor had the boy walking again. T

10、he worker managed to have the machine running. 4、作状语、作状语 （1）表示时间）表示时间 Arriving in Paris, I lost my way. The hunter walked slowly in the forest, followed by his wolf-dog. 表示与主句中谓语动词同时性的表示与主句中谓语动词同时性的现在分词现在分词强调时间意义强调时间意义时，分词前可以加上时，分词前可以加上while, when等从属连接词，但等从属连接词，但as没有这种用法。如：没有这种用法。如： Dont talk while

11、having dinner. When crossing the street, do be careful. （2）表示原因）表示原因 表示原因的分词短语一般置于句首。表示原因的分词短语一般置于句首。 Having lived in London for years, I almost know every place quite well. Seriously injured, he had to be taken to hospital. （3）表示结果）表示结果 The fire lasted nearly a month, leaving nothing valuable. Foot

12、ball is played in more than 80 countries, making it a popular sport. （4）表示方式）表示方式 I stood by the door, not daring to say a word. （5）表示条件）表示条件 United, we stand; divided, we fall. Being more careful, you can make fewer mistakes. 强调条件时，可以在前面加上强调条件时，可以在前面加上unless, once等。如：等。如： You shouldnt come in unles

13、s asked to. Once losing this chance, you cant easily find it. 现在分词与过去分词在作状语的区别现在分词与过去分词在作状语的区别 现在分词表现在分词表主动进行主动进行，过去分词表，过去分词表被动完成被动完成 1. _(See) from the top of the tower, we can see a beautiful factory. _(See) from the top of the tower, the factory looks beautiful. 2. _(Hear) the bad news, they coul

14、dnt help crying. 3. _(Give) more time, we could do it better. GivenHearingSeenSeeing 4. They came into the classroom, _(sing and laugh). 5. The teacher stood there, _(surround) by many students.singing and laughingsurrounded 现在分词的被动式和完成式现在分词的被动式和完成式（过去分词没有被动和完成式，其本身就具备着两个特征）（过去分词没有被动和完成式，其本身就具备着两个特征

15、） 被动式：被动式： being done 表示一个现在进行的完成动作。表示一个现在进行的完成动作。 1.The building being repaired is our library. 2.The question being discussed is very important. 3. As we approached the village, we saw new houses being put up. 完成式：完成式：having done 所表示的动作在谓语动词所所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生。表示的动作之前发生。 1. Having been to the G

16、reat Wall many times, he didnt go there last week. 2. Having turned off the radio, he began to go over his lessons. 3. Not having received his fathers letter, he decided to make a call to him.二、分词的独立主格结构二、分词的独立主格结构 分词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语，否则，分词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语，否则，就必须在分词前另加上自己的逻辑主语（名词或主格代就必须在分词前另加上自

17、己的逻辑主语（名词或主格代词）词）的这个结构叫独立主格结构或分词的复合结构。的这个结构叫独立主格结构或分词的复合结构。 1、独立主格结构常放在句首。表示时间、条件、原因时，、独立主格结构常放在句首。表示时间、条件、原因时，其作用分别相当于个时间、条件、原因状语从名句。表其作用分别相当于个时间、条件、原因状语从名句。表示伴随方式时，相当于一个并列句。如：示伴随方式时，相当于一个并列句。如： Supper finished, we started to discuss the picnic. (=After supper was finished，we started) All the ticke

18、ts having been sold out, we had to wait for the next weeks show. (=As all the tickets having been sold out) 2、表示独立主格结构中的、表示独立主格结构中的being常省略。如：常省略。如： When the football match was over, crowds of people poured out into the street. (The football match (being) over, crowd) Because nobody was in, I didnt

19、enter the hall. (Nobody (being) in,) 3、表示伴随方式的独立主格结构，有时可用、表示伴随方式的独立主格结构，有时可用“with宾语宾语补足语宾语宾语补足语”的结构来替换。如：的结构来替换。如： He lay there thinking, his hands behind his head (with his hands behind his head,) The river looks more beautiful, flowers and grass growing on both sides (=with flowers and grass growi

20、ng on both sides) with宾语宾语补足语的结构是英语中常见常用的宾语宾语补足语的结构是英语中常见常用的结构，其宾语补足语可以是现在分词、过去分词、不定结构，其宾语补足语可以是现在分词、过去分词、不定式、形容词、副词、介词短语等，在句中可作定语，也式、形容词、副词、介词短语等，在句中可作定语，也可作状语，表示原因、方式等。如：可作状语，表示原因、方式等。如： The children looked at us, with their eyes opening wide. I would miss the train, with no one to wake me up. The

21、 river with grass and flowers on both sides runs through our schoolyard. With the examinations over, we had a long time to rest. 4、有些惯用的分词短语在句里可以没有逻辑上的主语、有些惯用的分词短语在句里可以没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在，它们往往作为句子的独立成分来修饰全句。而独立存在，它们往往作为句子的独立成分来修饰全句。如：如： generally/strictly/roughly/broadly/narrowly speaking, judging from/by

22、, considering, supposing, providing, provided等。等。 Talking of the computer, I like it very much. Considering the time, we have decided to start early tomorrow morning. 1) After the Arab states won independence, great emphasis was laid on expanding education, with girls as well boys _to go to school.

23、A) to be encouraged B) been encouraged C) being encouraged D) be encouraged2) _,a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor. A) Other things being equal B) Were other things equal C) To be equal to other things D) Other things

24、to be equal3)All things _, the planned trip will have to be called off. A)considered B) be considered C) considering D) having considered8) You will see this product _ wherever you go. A)to be advertised B) advertised C) advertise D) advertising9) _in a recent science competition, the three students

25、 were awarded scholarship totaling 21,000 dollars.A) To be judged the best B) having judged the bestC) Judged the best D) Judging the best10) From the dates _ on the plates, we decided that they were made in Song Dynasty.A) marking B) having been markedC) marked D) to be marked 11) She stood by the

26、window, _.A) thinking B) think C) thought D) thinks12) _ to meet anybody, he went in from the back door.A) Not wishing B) Wishing C) Not wished D) No wishing13) The editorial _ now will appear in tomorrows newspaper.A) writing B) to write C) being written D) write14) It _ now pretty late, we took ou

27、r things and retired to our room. A) is B) being C) turned D) got 15) _ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.A) When compared B) While comparing C) Compare D) Comparing16) The old man came upstairs with great strength, his right hand _ a stick for support.

28、A)held B) holding C) being holding D) was holding17) _ three times in a row, the boxer decide to give up fighting. A) having defeated B) To have defeated C) having been defeated D) To have been defeated18) _neglecting our education, my father sent me to school.A) Accused of B) Accusing of C) To be a

29、ccused of D) That he was accused of19) _ mainly for the invention of the telephone, Alexander Graham Bell devoted his life to helping the deaf.A) He is remembered B) While being rememberedC) To be remembered D) Though remembered20) _ that they are fresh from university, the young people have done a

30、good job.A) Given B) Because C) Giving D) As 21) _ on a clear day, far from the city crowds, the mountains give him a sense of infinite peace.A) If walking B) While walking C) Walking D) When one is walking22) I understood you were third-year students _ in English.A)who majors B) who major isC) have

31、 majored D) majoring23) A cool rain was falling, _ with snow. A)mixed B) mixing C) to mix D) having mixed24) _ by the police, the kidnappers had no choice but to surrender.A)Surrounded B) SurroundingC) having surrounded D) To be surrounded26) All the exam papers _, the teacher sent the class home.A)

32、Having been handed in B) having hands inC) handing in D) being handed in 27) _ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.A) Founding B) It was founded C) Being founded D) Founded28) There _ no fresh drinking water and no good farm land, it was not a comfortable pla

33、ce in which to live.A) be B) was C) were D) being29) _ in Beijing for quite a few years, Mr. Park had little difficulty understanding Chinese.A) having lived B) Lived C) Living D) To live 31) The lab _ next year will be more advanced than the old one.A) built B) to be built C) being built D) to buil

34、d32) Anna was reading a piece of science fiction, completely _ to the outside world.A) being lost B) losing C) having lost D) lost34) Such _ the case, there were no grounds to justify your complaints.A) is B) was C) be D) being35) Peter is a good student, _ his best subject. A) as English B) English

35、 as C) being English D) English being 1)C 2)A 3)A 4)A 5)A 6)A 7)C 8)B 9)C 10)C 11)A 12)A 13)C 14)B 15)A 16)B 17)C 18)A 19)D 20)A 21)D22)D 23)A 24)A 25)C 26)A 27)D 28)D 29)A 30)C 31)B32)D 33)C 34)D 35)D .用适当的非谓语动词形式填空用适当的非谓语动词形式填空 1.She caught the student (cheat) in exams. 2.When I got there, I found

36、 him (repair) farm tools. 3.When I got there, I found the farm tools . (repair) 4.Just then he heard someone (call) for help. 5.He worked so hard that he got his pay . (raise) 6.The missing boys were last seen (play) near the river. 7. (compare) with the old one, the new building looks more beautifu

37、l. 8.The workers had the machines (run) all night long to finish the work on time. 9.People in the south have their houses (make of ) bamboo. 10. (lose) in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. Cheating repairing being repaired calling playing Compared running made oflost.用分词改写下列句子。用分

38、词改写下列句子。 Look round when you cross the street. Look round when crossing the street. She heard the news and she burst into laughter. Hearing the news, she burst into laughter. She was still rather weak. She could not stay up for too long. Being still rather weak, she could not stay up for too long. G

39、entlemen always shake hands. They are introduced to each other. Gentlemen always shake hands when introduced to each other.用分词改写下列句子。用分词改写下列句子。 A cold rain was falling. It was mixed with snow. A cold rain was falling, mixed with snow. We were walking in the street. We met some friends of ours. While

40、 walking in the street, we met some friends of ours. The old man walked slowly. He was supported by his little grandson.The old man walked slowly, supported by his little grandson.用分词改写下列句子。用分词改写下列句子。 The ground is covered with white snow. It looks very beautiful. The ground covered with white snow

41、looks very beautiful. There is a tall tree. It covers the entrance to the cave. There is a tall tree covering the entrance to the cave. The worker wrote to the police and disclosed(揭发揭发) who stole the money.The worker wrote to the police disclosing who stole the money.用动词的适当形式填空。用动词的适当形式填空。 1. _ the

42、 house on fire, he dialed 119.(see) 2.I fell down and broke three of my teeth. I wonder how many times I have to come here and get my false teeth _ . (fix) 3.Were _ to listen to her _ voice. Its a pleasure to hear her sing. (please) 4. _ a post office, I stopped _ some stamps. (pass, buy) 5. _ with

43、the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.(Compare) 6.Here are some new computer programs _ for home buildings. (design) ComparedPassing tofixedpleased pleasingdesignedSeeing 7. _ a little money, Jimmy was able to buy his mother a lovely new lamp. (save) 8.The teach

44、er came into the classroom _ by his students. (followed) 9.With the money _ , he couldnt buy any ticket.(lose) 10.There was so much noise in the room that the speaker couldnt make myself_.(hear) 11.The result of the test was rather _ .(disappoint) 12.Ive never heard the word _ in spoken English. (us

45、e) lostfolloweddisappointingHaving savedusedheard 13. _ how to do the homework, I went to ask my teacher for help. (Not know) 14.Deeply _ , I thanked her again and again.(move) 15.With winter _ on, its time to buy warm clothes. (come) 16._ the office, the foreign visitors were shown round the teachi

46、ng building. (show) 17.He went from door to door, _ waste papers and magazines. (gather) 18.The student corrected his paper carefully,_ the professors suggestions.( follow) 19.People _ in the city do not know the pleasure of country life. (live)gatheringHaving been showncomingmovedNot knowingfollowi

47、ngliving 20.The foreigner tried his best, but he still couldnt make his point _ .(understand) 21.The scientists were waiting to see the problem _ . (settle) 22.The ground is _ with _ leaves. (cover, fall) 23.Lessons _ easily were soon forgotten. (learn) 24.The wallet _ several days ago was found _ i

48、n the dustbin outside the building.(steal, hide) 25.A person _ a foreign language must be able to use the foreign language _ all about his own. ( learn, forget) 26. _ different kinds of pianos, the workers farther improved their quality. (produce)covered fallenlearnedstolen hidingforgettingHaving pr

49、oducedsettledunderstoodlearning 28.Many things _ impossible in the past are very common today. (consider) 29. _ _ many times, he still couldnt understand.(tell) 30.China is one of the largest countries in the world, _ 9.6 million square (平方平方) kilometres. (cover) 31.We must keep a secret of the thin

50、gs _ here, the general said, seriously_ at the man in charge of the information office. (discuss, stare ) 32.The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction, _that he had enjoyed his stay here.(add) 33. _ the composition, John handed it to the teacher and went out of the room. (write)consideredHavi

51、ng been toldcoveringstaringaddingHaving written discussed34.Were you _ when you saw that wild animal?(fright) 35.Properly with numbers, the books can be easily found.(mark)36.At this moment the bell rang _ the end of class. (announce) 39.The graduating students are busy _ material for their reports.

52、 (collect)40.The cars _ in Beijing are as good as those _ in Shanghai. (produce, produce)41.When I came in, I saw Dr. Li _ a patient.(examine)42. _ a satisfactory operation, the patient recovered from illness very quickly.(give)43.He wrote a letter to me _ that his trip to Japan had been put off bec

53、ause of the bad weather.(say)collectingannouncingexaminingHaving been givensayingmarkedfrightenedproducedproduced 用分词短语改写下列句子。用分词短语改写下列句子。(部分独立主格结构也适用分词）部分独立主格结构也适用分词） 1. After the work had been done, we went home. The work done, we went home. 2. If weather permits, they will go on an outing to the beach tom