往年高考英语(通用版)短文语法填空汇编(解析版共15页)

1、2018 高考英语（通用版）短文语法填空汇编（解析版共 15 页） (2017 高考选练)语法填空。阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适 当的内容(1 个或者 3 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 (2017 淄博模拟) According to data from population reports and statistics made by the World Bank, Japanese people in 2013 _1_ (live), on average, to 83 years old, and the country itself ranks _2_ the top five n

2、ations with the longest life expectancy 预期寿命). _3_ major contributor to Japans high life expectancy and overall health is their diet, as determined by the countrys Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. According to a recent study _4_ (publish) by the BMJ, Japanese people _5_ kept on the traditiona

3、l Japanese diet during the 15 year study had a mortality rate 死亡率)15% lower than those who did not. Further, those who _6 keep were also _7_ (little) likely to suffer from some diseases. Japans Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare _8_ (break) the traditional Japanese diet down in their version of

4、the food Japanese Food Guide Spinning Toppyramid, called the Though the Japanese diet gives special _9_ (important) to high intakes of fish and soybean products instead of fats, it is _10_ (general) a balance of grains, vegetables, fish and meat, and milk and fruits. However, the guide also includes

5、 snacks, sweets, cakes and alcoholic drinks, which can be consumed in control, rather than completely rejected. 【语篇解读】 本文是一篇调查报告。日本位居预期寿命最长 的五个国家之首，饮食是日本人长寿的主要原因。本文主要 分析了日本传统饮食的特点以及国家对国民饮食的指导。 1. lived 考查动词的时态。根据时间状语“ in 2013 ”可知， 谓语动词应用一般过去时。故填 lived。 2. on/among 考查介词。句意为：日本人 2013 年的平均寿命 是 83 岁，位居预

6、期寿命最长的五个国家之首。 on the top 意为 “在顶部”；此句也可理解为：位居预期寿命最长的五个国 家当中，用 among。故填 on/among。 3. A 考查冠词。空格处修饰名词“ contributor ”，表示泛 指，应用不定冠词；且 major 的读音以辅音音素开头。故填 A。注意首字母大写。 4. published 考查非谓语动词。逻辑主语“ studypubl 与 h 之间构成被动关系，因此应用所给词的过去分词形式作后置 定语。故填 published。 5. who/that 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处引 导定语从句，先行词为“ Japanese pe

7、ople ”，指人，从句中缺 少主语。故填 who/that o 6. did 考查谓语动词的强调结构。根据上文中的“ had ”和 “ did not ”可知，此处应用一般过去时，谓语动词表示强调应 借助于助动词 did。故填 dido 7. less 考查副词的比较级。根据句意及上文中的“ lower ” 可知，此处应用形容词 little 的比较级形式。故填 less & breaks 考查动词的时态。本句主语是“ Japans Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare ”，故谓语动词应用单数形式。本段 叙述的是客观事实，故时态主要是一般现在时

8、。故填 breaks 9. importance 考查词性转换。形容词“ special ”应修饰名 词。故填 important 的名词形式 importance o 10. generally 考查词性转换。根据语境可知，日本饮食通常 也是谷类、蔬菜类、鱼类、肉类以及牛奶和水果的一个平衡。 generally 意为“通常”，在句中作状语。故填 generally。 语法填空 （2016 广州市综合测试一 ）There once was a forest filled with happy animals. One day a raccoon 浣熊)found some socks left

9、 behind by picnickers, and _1_ (decide) to wear them. They fitted so well, and felt so _2_ (comfort), that he kept them on. He spent his days _3_ (walk) through the forest in his new socks. Other animals became envious of the raccoons new look and followed his trend. First it was squirrels in _4_ (s

10、hirt), then rabbits _5_ hats on, and finally birds wearing underpants! Doctor Bear, the forest physician, disapproved and tried to warn the clothes wearers. _6_ no one listened. Instead, they urged him to follow the latest trend too. Soon, the problems started. A squirrel caught his shirt on a branc

11、h and crashed to the ground. A rabbit tried entering his hole while _7_ (wear) his hat and got stuck. Even the raccoon, thanks to his bright coloured socks, slipped into the river and almost died. When the _8_ (injure) animals came to see Doctor Bear, he told them, “ Your clothes are killing you. Yo

12、u dont ned . ” Those _10_ listened to the doctors advice finally understood they didnt need clothes. Theyd only started wearing clothes to make others envy them. 1. _ 2._ 3. _ 4. _ 5 _ 6. _ 7. _ 8. _ 9 _ 10. _ 【参考答案】语法填空 语篇解读：本文讲述了一些动物纷纷效仿穿着袜子的浣 熊，穿上各种各样的衣服，结果却害了自己。 1decided 根据 and 可知，空处与 found 构成并列

13、谓语， 故应填过去式 decided。 2 comfortable felt 为系动词，本处应用形容词作表语， 故填 comfortable 。 3 walking spend time doing sth. “花时间做某事”，故填 现在分词 walking。 4 shirts 此处表示“穿着衬衫的松鼠”， 应用名词的复 数形式， 故填 shirts。 5 with 本处用“ with 宾语宾补”的复合结构作 rabbits 的定语，表示“戴着帽子的兔子”。 6But 前后句之间为转折关系，故应填连词 But 。 7 wearing “当兔子戴着它的帽子尝试着进洞时”，此 处为状语从句的省略，

14、原句应为“ while he was wearing his hat ”。 8 injured 此处表示“受伤的动物”，应用形容词作定 语。 9. them 句意：你们的衣服会要了你的命，你们不需要 它们。空处代指“ clothes ” the 填。 10. who 句意：那些听了医生建议的动物最终理解了它 们并不需要衣服。本处为定语从句，先行词为 Those,本文拟 人化，应用关系代词 who。 (2017 高考选练)语法填空。阅读下面材料，在空白处填入 适当的内容(1 个或者 3 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 (2017 湖南六校联考) Every summer _1_ he was

15、a boy, Satchin Panda would stay on _2_ grandparents farm near Chandipur on the east coast of India. He lazed in a hammock(吊床), caught fish in the lake and climbed trees _3_ (pick) mangoes. His grandfather spent most of his 91 years there, 4 (work) in his 20-acre field. He produced almost all that hi

16、s wife and eight children needed. They _5_ (cook) what he grew; they sold a little rice _6 bought salt. “ He did that for his entire life，” says Panda. “ He travelled more than 100 km from his home perhaps eight or nine _7_ (time). Now Pandas home _8_ (be) thousands of miles awaa four-bedroom house

17、in San Diego, California and he _9_ (regular) jets around the world for work. “If rm within a di of a five-hour _10_ (fly) from India ，” he says, “I will go and see my mom and my sister. ” 【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了 Satchin Panda 祖父母以前的生活和目前他自己的生活情况。 1. when 考查定语从句。句意为：当 Satchin Panda 还是个 小男孩时，每年夏天他总会待在位

18、于印度东海岸昌迪普尔附 近的他祖父母的农场里。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定 语从句，指代先行词“ Every summer ”，且在从句中作时间 状语，故应用 when 引导该从句。故填 when。 2. the/his 考查定冠词/代词。 根据下文可知， Satchin Panda 是待在他祖父母的农场里，此处他祖父母的农场也可 以看做是特指。故填 the/his。 3. to pick 考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，此处应用不定 式作目的状语，表明他爬树是为了摘芒果。故填 to pick。 4. working 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，该句已 经有谓语动词“ spent ”，W

19、 故 rk 在此处应用非谓语动词形 式；且 work 与主语“ His grandfather 应用 work 的现在分词形式作伴随状语。故填 working。 5. cooked 考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，空格处 作谓语。根据上下文的时态可知，此处描述过去发生的事， 应用一般过去时。故填 cooked。 6. and 考查连词。根据语境可知，卖点儿大米与买盐之间 是并列关系，故应用并列连词 and 连接。故填 and。 7. times 考查名词。分析句意可知， time 在此处表示次 数。eight or nine times 意为“八九次”，符合语境。故填 times。 8 is

20、 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据句中“ now”的提 示可知，此处叙述现在的情况，应用一般现在时；且句子的 之间是主动关系，故 主语是“ Pandas home ”，谓语应用第三人称单数形式。故 填 is。 9. regularly 考查词性转换。根据词法知识可知，此处用 regular 的副词形式修饰动词“ jets ”。故填 arly。 10. flight 考查词性转换。空格前的“ five-hour ”相当于形容 词作定语。由此可知，此处需用名词，表示五小时的航程。 故填 flight。语法填空 (2016 长沙四校模拟二)A recent study shows that most

21、adults did household chores _1_(active) when they were young. Most kids today do not do as many household chores as before, _2_ same study shows. An expert said, “ Parents today want their kids to spend more time _3_ things that can bring them money and honour. They have stopped _4_(do) the one thin

22、g that has proven to bring success. That is doing household chores. ” Another study finds that compared with the kids _5_ didnt do household chores, young adults beginning chores at ages 3 and 4 were more likely _6_(succeed). They had better family relationships, did better in school, performed bett

23、er at work and were more independent. Personal happiness _7_(say) to come from strong relationships. It begins by learning to be kind and 一 8_(help) to their parents at home. If your kids say they have to skip chores because its time they _9_(deal) with their homework, youd better not let them off t

24、he hook. If you do, your child may think grades are more important than caring about others. “ What may seem like small _10_(message) at the moment add up to big ones over time ” says an expert. 1. _ 2. _ 3. _ 4. _ 5. _ 6. _ 7. _ 8. _ 9. _ 10. _ 【参考答案】语法填空 语篇解读：本文是说明文。一项研究表明，现在的大部 分成年人小时候都做过家务，而现在的大

25、部分孩子不像以前 的孩子那样做很多家务了。 1. actively 分析句子结构可知，空处修饰谓语动词，故 要用副词形式 actively。 2. the 此处的“ study ”就是上文提到的“ study ”，故用 定冠词 the 表示特指。 3. on 根据固定搭配 spend sth. on sth 可知，此处填介词 on。 4. doing 根据语境可知，这里说的是“停止做某事”， 而不是“停下来去做某事”，故用 stop doing sth.o 5. who/that 分析句子结构可知，空处在句中引导定语 从句，先行词为 kids,关系代词在从句中作主语，因此本空填 who/tha

26、t。 6. to succeed 此处是 be likely to do sth.句型，故用不定 式。 7. is said 本句含有“ be said +动词不定式”结构，且这 里说的是现在的一般情况，主语为 Personal happiness 因此填 is said。 8. helpful 本空应填形容词 helpful 与 kind 并列作表语。 9. dealt/should deal Its time （that） .句型中，that 从句 要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用一般过去式或“ should + do 其中 should 不可以省略。 10. messages message

27、是可数名词，其前没有冠词，故要 用其复数形式。 （2017 高考选练）语法填空。阅读下面材料，在空白处填入 适当的内容（1 个或者 3 个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 （2017 云南高中统一检测） Starbucks, an international coffee chain is to offer its customers a discount if _1_ bring their own cups to have drinks at the cafe. This will start from April in the UK as a two-month trial and cou

28、ld go on if it is a _2_ (succeed). Customers who bring their own cups will get a discount on almost all drinks. Starbucks states on its website, “ Our plan focuses on three main areas: reducing the waste of paper cups, increasing recycling rates _3_ promoting the use of reusable cups. ” This _4_ (de

29、cide) comes as a major victory for the campaign _5_ (reduce) the waste of paper cups. It was revealed!露) earlier that 7 million paper cups are used in Britain every day, _6_ means 2.5 billion cups are thrown into dustbins each year. The coffee shops make false claims of the number of paper cups they

30、 actually recycle. That makes customers _7_ (wrong) believe that a coffee shop is environmentally friendly. But according to a recycling service in the UK, only 1 in 400 cups actually gets _8_ (recycle). One _9_ the coffee drinkers said, “I am disappointed that cafes recycle so little. I _10_ (think

31、) they were more responsible. Now I will bring my own cup. 【解题导语】 国际咖啡连锁店 Starbucks 为顾客提供了这样 一种服务：如果顾客自带咖啡杯，咖啡店将提供打折的咖 啡。此举在于减少使用纸杯带来的浪费，从而保护环境。 1. they 考查代词。根据该句中的“ customers ”和“ their 可知，空处指代 customers,且在从句中作主语，故用代词 they。 2. success 考查名词。根据空前的不定冠词 a 可以判断，空 处应用名词形式。 3. and 考查连词。分析该句结构可知，句中的“ reduci

32、ng the waste of paper cups ”“ increasing recycling rates “ promoting the use of reusable cups ”是并列关系，故用 连接。 4. decision 考查名词。根据空前的代词 This 可知，空处用 名词形式。 5. to reduce 考查动词不定式。根据语境可知，减少纸杯浪 费是活动的目的，故用动词不定式。 6. which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，该句为非限 制性定语从句，空处指代前面的整个句子，在从句中作主 语，故用 which 引导。 7. wrongly 考查副词。空处修饰动词 bel

33、ieve,故用副词形 式。 8 recycled 考查过去分词。分析句子结构可知， cups 和 recycle 之间是动宾关系。 9. of 考查介词。根据该句中的 One ”和可数名词复数 “ drinkers ”可知，此处为“ one of +可数名词复数”结构 10. thought 考查动词的时态。根据空后的 were 和“ Now I. ”可知，这里陈述的是过去发生的事情，故用一般过去 时。 语法填空 (2016 陕西省教学质检二)1 drove to a local supermarket the other day. My shopping list was long and

34、my wallet was light. Still, I needed to get a weeks food for my family. I parked my car, looked down at my list, and hoped I _1_ pay for it all. As I walked into the door, I saw a man with kind _2_ (eye) and a gentle smile. He said he was _3_ (collect) for a local food bank that helped to feed the h

35、ungry in my area. He handed me a second shopping list of things they could use and asked me to help if I could. I smiled back, took the list and walked into the store. I really wanted to help, _4_ wasnt sure if I could this time. I walked through the store, picking up vegetables, soup, spaghetti, br

36、ead, milk, cereal, macaroni, bananas, and a dozen otherthings. I slowly marked each item 项)off my list until I was done. When I looked down at my full cart (购物车)I wondered again _5_ I even had enough to pay for it all. Then, as I put my own list back into my pocket, I saw the food bank list under it

37、. I smiled and _6_ (decide) to trust my heart. With the food bank in mind, I went over and picked up two of the biggest boxes of rice the store had and put _7_ (they) in my cart. It took another six dollars out of my wallet to pay for them, but my heart felt six times _8_ (large) when I did. And whe

38、n everything was added up, I had just enough to pay for it all. It takes so little to make our world a better place. A few dollars can help to fill a _9_ (child) hungry stomach. _10_ (kind) can change anothers day and life. It is up to us, though. We can save a few dollars on rice, or we can share l

39、ove that will last forever. 1. _ 2. _ 3. _ 4. _ 5. _ 6. _ 7. _ 8. _ 9. _ 10. _ 【参考答案】语法填空 语篇解读：本文是记叙文。一天，作者开车去当地的一 家超市购物的过程中做了一件好事。 1 could 句意：我停好车，低头看了看我的清单，希望 自己可以付得起。根据句意，此处表示“能够，可以”，且 此处讲述过去的事情，故用情态动词 can 的过去式 could。 2 eyes 句意：当我进门时，我看到一个眼神友善又面 带温和笑容的人。一个人有两只眼睛，且空前无冠词或所有 格，故用 eye 的复数形式。 3 collec

40、ting 句意：他说他在为一个当地的食物赈济处 募集（食物）。根据空前的“ was ” Collect 与主语 he 之间是主 动关系可知，此处应用过去进行时，故填 collecting。 4but 句意：我真的想帮忙，但是不确定这次是否能做 到。前后分句之间是转折关系，故填 but “但是”。 5if/whether 句意：当我低头看着满满的购物车时，我 又一次想知道我是否有足够的钱来支付。 wondered 后是一个 宾语从句，从句成分完整，此处表示“是否”，故填 if/whether 。 6decided 句意：我笑了笑并决定相信自己的心。 and 连接两个并列的谓语，故应填 decid

41、ed 与 smiled 并列。 7. them put 后的宾语指的是 two of the biggest boxes of rice,故用they 的宾格形式 them。 8. larger 句意：但是我这样做时，我感觉我的心是原来 的六倍大。虽然句中没有 than,但是根据语境可知，此处有比 较的意味，倍数表达法中，三倍及以上用“基数词+ times+ 比较级（+ than） ”表示，故用 arger。 9. childs 句意：几美元就能帮助填满一个孩子饥饿的 胃。空后是名词 stomach,所给提示词是 child，空前是不定冠 词 a,故此处应该用 child 的所有格形式。 10

42、. Kindness 句意：善行能够改变另一个人的一天和生 活。空处作句子的主语，因此要用 kind 的名词形式 kindness “善行”。注意首字母大写。 （2017 高考选练）语法填空。阅读下面材料，在空白处填入 适当的内容（1 个或者 3 个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 （2017 湖南省六校联盟联考） Have you ever noticed that you feel happier and more relaxed after you eat bread, pasta or fruit? Do you find that you are more energetic and

43、awake after eating yogurt or beans? These things are not accidents. Food affects _1_ we feel more than we think. Scientists researching _2_ （it） effect on our moods are beginning to understand that we can influence our feelings with what we eat.Although our moods relate _3_ having various food, it i

44、s not quite as simple as choosing the food for the right occasions. If that 4 (be) the case, athletes would not eat a lot of carbohydrates before a race. Another chemical _5_ (connect) with our moods is caffeine, which _6_ (find) in coffee, chocolate and many types of tea, and it is perhaps _7_ wors

45、t thing you and have when you are feeling stressed. Of course, _8_ (enjoy) a nice meal with friends, whatever we eat, can also impact our spirits. Being with friends and family plays a big part in experiencing happiness. Most _9_ (important), though, remember the following old rule: try to eat diffe

46、rent food, _10_ not too much. 【解题导语】 我们所吃的食物会对我们的情绪有影响。因 此，我们要尝试吃不同的食物，但是不要吃太多。 【段意梳理】 第一段：研究发现，我们所吃的食物会对我们的情绪有影 响。 第二段：为不同的场合选择合适的食物不是一件简单的事。 第三段：在有压力时吃含有咖啡因的食品是最糟糕的选择 第四段：和家人及朋友共进美食，无论吃什么，都让我们高 第五段：最重要的是尝试吃不同的食物，但是不要吃太多。 1. how 考查宾语从句。分析该句结构可知，空处引导定语 从句，由“ we feel more than we think ”可知，从句不缺成 分；结合

47、语境可以判断，应用疑问副词 how 引导该从句。 2. its 考查代词。由名词 effect 可知，应用形容词性物主代 词 its。 3. . to 考查动词短语。relate to 为固定搭配，意为“和 . 有关系”。 4. were 考查虚拟语气。根据该句中的“ athletes would not eat a lot of carbohydrates before a race ”可知， 该句为虚拟语 气，表示对目前情况的虚拟，故从句谓语动词用过去式 were。 5. connected 考查过去分词。 chemical 和 connect 为动宾关 系，故用过去分词短语作后置定语。

48、6. is found 考查动词时态和语态。此处 which 引导非限制性 定语从句，先行词为 caffeine,和 find 之间是动宾关系，故用 被动语态；此处是对客观情况的描述，应用一般现在时。 7. the 考查定冠词。根据空后的形容词最高级 worst 可知， 空处应用 the 8 enjoying 考查非谓语动词。分析该句结构可知，此处为 动名词短语在句中作主语。 9. importantly 考查副词。空处修饰全句，故用副词形式。 10. but/yet 考查连词。根据语境可知，尝试吃不同的食物， 但是不要吃太多。根据句意可知，空处应用转折连词。 语法填空 (2016 合肥市第一

49、次质检)Sammy Armstrong was driving to his office when he _1_ (notice) a car was stuck on railroad tracks. Then he heard a train whistle. Sammy threw down his sunglasses and keys and ran toward the car. _2_ elderly man, Jean Papich, eighty-four, sat in the drivers seat, _3_ (turn) the key and hitting th

50、e gas. His wife, Marion, seventy-eight, was looking _4_ (nervous) at him. Then Sammy walked _5_ the car and pushed it forward, but his boots slipped on the warm asphalt 沥青).He could see the train approaching fast. It might be _6_ (easy) to push the car backward, Sammy thought. He ran around to the f

51、ront of the vehicle and shouted at Jean _7_ (put) the car in neutral 空挡).Sammy could feel the ground trembling 分词作伴随状语，并与 hitting 并列，故填 turning under his feet. He put his boots against the track and pushed forcefully. Finally, the car rolled off the tracks. When Sammy looked up, the train was just a

52、 couple of _8_ (foot) away. Sammy, shocked and _9_ (speech), went back to work as crowd gathered at the scene. Weeks later, Marion called to thank Sammy. He responded, just did _10_ I had to do. ” 1. _ 2. _ 3. _ 4. _ 5. _ 6. _ 7. _ 8. _ 9. _ 10. _ 【参考答案】语法填空 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。 Sammy Armstrong 在开车 上班的路上解

53、救了一辆卡在铁轨上的汽车。 1. noticed 文章的整体时态为过去时，且主句中用的是 过去进行时，故填 noticed。 2. An man 在文中第一次提到，应用不定冠词，且 elderly 的读音以元音音素开头，故填 An。 3. turning 空处与句子主语之间是主谓关系，应用现在 4. nervously 副词作状语修饰动词，故填 nervously。 5. behind 根据下文的“ pushed it forward ”可知，此处 表示走到车的后面推车，故填 behind。 6. easier 根据语境可知，向前推车不好推，所以他想向 后面推可能更容易，故填 easier 7

54、. to put 此处为不定式作宾补，他向老人喊让老人挂空 挡，故填 to put。 8. feet a couple of 后跟可数名词的复数形式。故填 feet。 9. speechless 与 shocked 并列，根据语境可知，应填 speechless 10. what 分析句子结构可知，空处引导的从句作 did 的 宾语，且空处在从句中充当 do 的宾语，故填 what。 (2016 湖南常德市高三 3 月模拟考试)lmagine life as a game in which you are playing some five balls in the air.You name

55、_1_(they)work, family, health, friends and spirit, and you re keeping all these balls in the air. You understand that work is a rubber ball f you drop it, it will bounce back.But the other four balls are made of glassf you drop one of them , it will be scuffed(磨损),damaged or even broken into _2_(pie

56、ce). They will never be the same.You must understand the balance in your life.How? Don t compare yourself with otherst is because we are different and each of us 3 (be) special.Don t set your goals by what other people consider important.Only you know _4_ is best for you.Don t give 5_ when you still

57、 have something to give.Nothing is really over until the moment you stop _6_(try). Knowledge is weightless, _7_ treasure you can always carry _8_(easy) Don t run through life so fast that you forget not only where you wherelyenare but also where you _9_(go). Life is not a race, but a journey to _10_

58、(enjoy) slowly each step of the way.Yesterday is history tomorrow is a mystery, and 【语篇导读】 文章旨在说明：生活中我们一定要处理好工 作、家庭、健康、朋友和精神这五者之间的平衡关系。 1. them 考查代词。name 是叫 名字，是个动词，后面 用宾格形式。 2. pieces 考查名词复数。如果你扔掉他们其中的一个，就 会碎成片。 today is a gift.That s whythe present. 3. is 考查主谓一致。句意：因为我们是独一无二的，每个 人都是特别的。each of us

59、作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。 4. what 考查宾语从句。句意：只有你知道什么对你来说是 最好的。 5. up 考查动词短语。give up 放弃。 6. trying 考查 v. ing 形式作宾语。stop doing 停止做某事。 7. a 考查冠词。句意：知识是无形的，一种可以随身携带 的财富。表示泛指。 8. easily 考查副词。easily 用来修饰 carry。 9. are going/are to go/will go 考查动词的时态。句意：不要 让生活过得如何快，这样你就忘记你去过哪，你在哪和你将 要去哪。 10. be enjoyed 考查非谓语动词。句意：生活不是一场