地理专业英语

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上地理专业英语geography 地理 geographer 地理学家 hemisphere 半球 meridian 子午线，经线 parallel 平行圈，纬线 latitude 经度 longitude 精度 elevation 海拔 altitude 高度 temperate latitudes 温带地区 horizon 地平线 equator 赤道 tropics 热带地区 Arctic 北极 Antarctic(Antarctica) 南极 expedition 探险 time zone 时区 topography 地形，地形学 plain 平原 platea

2、u (highland) 高地 lowland 低地 basin 盆地 cavern (cave) 洞穴 terrain 地域 subterranean ( underground) 地底下 coastland 沿海地区 island 岛屿 continental island 大陆岛 volcanic island 火山岛 coral island 珊瑚岛 islet 小岛 peninsular 半岛 continent 大陆 continental shelf 大陆架 ranges 山脉 valley 峡谷 canyon 峡谷 channel (strait) 海峡 remote-sens

3、ing 遥感的 terrestrial 地球的，陆地的 terrestrial heat (geothermal) 地热 terrestrial magnetism (geomagnetism) 地磁 continental drift 大陆漂移学说 sea-floor spreading 海床扩展 evaporation 蒸发 salinity 含盐度 ocean bottom 海床 sediment 沉淀物，沉积物 tropical 热带的 temperate 温带的 frigid 寒带的 formation 形成 frost heaving 冻胀现象 fieldstone 卵石physi

4、cal geography 自然地理economic geography 经济地理geopolitics 地理政治论ethnography 民族志cosmography 宇宙志cosmology 宇宙论geology 地理学toponymy 地名学oceanography 海洋学meteorology 气象学orography 山志学hydroaraphy 水文学vegetation 植被relief 地形,地貌climate 气候Earth 地球,大地Universe, cosmos 宇宙world 世界globe 地球仪earth, globe 地壳continent 大陆terra fi

5、rma 陆地coast 海岸archipelago 群岛peninsula 半岛island 岛plain 平原valley 谷地meadow (小)草原prairie (大)草原lake 湖泊pond 池塘marsh, bog, swamp 沼泽small lake 小湖lagoon 泻湖moor, moorland 荒原desert 沙漠dune 沙丘oasis 绿洲savanna, savannah (南美)大草原virgin forest 原始森林steppe 大草原tundra 冻原a horizon 腐殖堆积层aa lava 块熔岩abandoned field 撩荒地abando

6、ned lands 撩荒地abandoned mine 废弃矿山abandoned shoreline 旧岸线aberration 像差abiogenesis 自然发生abiotic factor 非生物因素ablation 水蚀ablation moraine 消融冰碛abnormality 反常aboriginal 土着的abrasion 海蚀abrasion platform 浪蚀台地abrasion shore 浪蚀海岸abrasion surface 浪蚀面abrasion terrace 海蚀阶地abrasive 研磨剂abrupt slope 陡坡abrupt textural

7、change 质地突变abscissa 横坐标absolute age 绝对年龄absolute age determination 绝对年代测定absolute age of groundwater 地下水绝对年龄absolute altitude 绝对高度absolute amplitude 绝对振幅absolute chronology 绝对年代absolute convergence 绝对收敛absolute dating 绝对年代测定absolute error 绝对误差absolute extremes 绝对极值absolute geochronology 绝对地质年代学Word

8、and phrase1. core; mantle; crust 地核；地幔；地壳4. continental crust 大陆地壳5. granite; basalt 花岗岩；玄武岩6. sial; sima 硅铝层；硅镁层7. surface waves; body . 面波；体波8. epicentre; focus 震中；震源9. lithosphere 岩石圈10. tectonic plate 构造板块11. continetal drift 大陆漂移12. asthenosphere 软流层13. ocean ridge 洋脊14. ocean trench 海沟15. subd

9、uction 俯冲作用16. volcanism 火山作用17. fold mountain 褶皱山脉18. fold; fault 褶皱；断层19. sedimentary rocks 沉积岩20. vent 火山口21. lava 熔岩22.volcanic cones 火山锥23. parasitic cone 寄生火山锥24. plug 岩颈25. volcanic ash 火山灰26. mechanical weathering 机械风化27. chemical weathering 化学风化28. freeze-thaw 冻融29. pressure release 卸荷释重30.

10、limestone 石灰岩31. hydrolysis 水解作用32. quartz 石英33. hydration 水合作用34. oxidation 氧化作用35. alluvium 冲击层36. gravel 砂砾37. denudation 剥蚀作用38. precipitation 降水39. climatic zone 气候带40. mid-latitude 中纬度41. semi-arid 半干旱42. tropical wet-dry 热带干湿季气候43. watershed 分水岭44. drainage basin 流域45. regolith 风化层46. soil cr

11、eep 土壤蠕动47. mass movement 块体运动48. strata 地层49. overland runoff 地表径流50. sheet wash 片状冲刷51. pediment 山前侵蚀平原（山足面）52. rockfall 山崩53. landslide 滑坡54. interception 截流55. evapotranspiration 蒸发和蒸腾总量56. capillary rise 毛管上升57. aeration zone 包气带58. overland flow ; interflow ; base flow 地表径流；壤中流；地下径流59. water t

12、able 潜水面（水位）60. basin length; area 流域长度;流域面积61. tributary 支流；62. trunk stream 干流63. drainage density 河网密度64. flood plain 泛滥平原65. coniferous tree 松树67. inselberg 岛状山68. equator 赤道69. monsoon 季风70. storm hydrograph 暴雨水文曲线71. discharge 流量72. peak flow 洪峰流量73. rainfall peak 降水峰值74. precipitation intensi

13、ty 降水强度75. land use 土地利用76. water-born waste 水成废弃物77. heavy metal 重金属78. climatology 气候学79. urban heat island 城市热岛80. deciduous trees 落叶树81. upper ;middle ; lower reach 上中下游82. vertical erosion 下切侵蚀83. headward erosion 溯源侵蚀84. lateral erosion 侧蚀85. pot-hole 壶穴86. meander 曲流87. ox-bow lake 牛轭湖88. del

14、ta 三角洲89. lake basin 湖盆90. levee 天然提91. rill and gully erosion 细沟、冲沟侵蚀92.clay;silt;sand;粘土；粉砂；砂93. suspended sediment 悬浮沉积物94. atmospherical fallout 大气沉降95. laminar flow 层流96. turbulent flow 紊流97. riffle; pool 浅滩；深槽98. channel roughness 河道粗糙度99. sandbar 沙坝100. thalweg 中泓线101. estuary 河口102. lagoon 泻

15、湖103. salinity 盐度104. coastline 海岸线105. dune 沙丘106. suspension; saltation; creep 悬移；跃移；蠕移107. dust storm 尘暴108. windward; leeward 迎风；背风109. prevailing wind 盛行风110. deflation hollow 风蚀凹地111. aridity 干燥度112. tropic of cancer 北回归线113. tropic of capricorn 南回归线114. gobi 戈壁115. continentality 大陆度116. cold

16、 ocean current 寒流117. plateau 高原118. alluvial fan 冲积扇119. pediplanation 山麓夷平作用120. deflation 风蚀121. moraine 冰碛122. glacial；interglacial 冰期；间冰期123. Recent 全新世124. Quaternary Era 第四纪125. periglacial period 冰缘期126. nivation 冰蚀127. earth orbit 地球轨道128. plucking 挖蚀129. abrasion 磨蚀130. pyramidal peak 角峰13

17、1. arete 刃脊132. cirque 冰斗133. horn 角峰134. U-shaped valley (trough) U型谷135. fluvioglacial deposit 冰水沉积136. drumlin 鼓丘137. terminal moraine 终碛138. outwash plain 冰水沉积平原139. kettle hole 锅穴140. wavelength 波长141. crest；trough 波峰；波谷142. wave period 周期143. wave frequency 波频144. wave height 波高145. wave refra

18、ction 波浪折射146. tidal range 潮差147. stack 海蚀柱148. arch 海蚀拱桥149. headland 海岬150. troposphere (pause); strato-; meso-; thermo- 对流层（顶）、平流、中间、热成151. pressure-gradient force 气压梯度力152. isobar 等压线153. sub-tropical anticyclone 副热带高压154. cirrus 卷云155. cumulus 积云156. stratus 层云157. cumulonimbus 积雨云158. convecti

19、on rain 对流雨159. thunderstorm 雷雨160. depression 低气压161. frontal rain 锋面雨162. orographic rain 地形雨163. equatorial trough 赤道低压槽164. front 锋165. temperature inversion 逆温166. soil texture 土壤质地167. loam 壤土168. soil structure 土壤结构169. soil moisture 土壤水分170. field capacity 田间持水量171. cation exchange capacity

20、阳离子交换量172. podzol 灰化土173. brown earth 褐土174. sandstone 砂岩175. gley 潜育土176. azonal soil 非地带性土壤177. soil horizon 土层178. humification 腐殖化作用179. mineralisation 矿化作用180. eluviation 淋溶作用181. calcification 钙化作用182. salinisation 盐化作用183. gleying 潜育化作用184. illuviation 淀积作用185. savanna 热带稀树草原（萨王纳）186. saline

21、soil 盐土187. biogeography 生物地理学188. biotic ; abiotic element 生物;非生物成分189. autotroph; heterotroph 自养生物；异养生物190. producer; consumer 生产者；消费者191. photosynthesis 光合作用192. herbivore 食草动物193. carnivore 食肉动物194. decomposer 分解者195. trophic pyramid 营养金字塔196. food web 食物网197. primary productivity 初级生产力198. gros

22、s productivity 总生产力199. net productivity 净生产力200. continental shelf 大陆架201. succession（prisere） 演替202. climax community 顶级群落203. primary (secondary) succession 初级和次级演替English for Geography地理专业英语Lesson 1. Longitude and latitude 经度和纬度P11Lesson 2. Rotation and revolution of the earth 地球的自转和公转P6 2Lesson

23、 4. The major classes of landforms主要地形类型P136Lesson 5 Delta plains 三角洲平原P168Lesson 6 Limestone caverns and karst landscapes石灰岩洞和喀斯特景观P21 8Lesson 7 Layers of the Earth 地球圈层P318Lesson 8 The rock cycle 岩石循环P439Lesson 9 Soil pedogenesis 成土作用p4810Lesson 10 Global scale circulation of the atmosphere全球大气环流

24、P6211Lesson 11 The Hydrologic Cycle 水循环P7411Lesson 12 Three Model of Urban Land Use三种城市土地利用模式P9711Lesson 13 Air pollution cause and effects空气污染原因和影响P16812Lesson 14 Hurricane 飓风P18212Lesson 1. LONGITUDE AND LATITUDE经度和纬度1、 The location of points on the earths surface follows a system in which lengths

25、 of arc are measured along meridians and parallels；测定地球表面上点的位置是按照沿着子午线（经线）和纬线测量弧长的方法进行的2、 that desired point 欲量算的点3、 the longitude of a place is the arc, measured in degrees, of a parallel between that place and the prime meridian 经度的定义4、 the longitude of a place is the arc, measured in degrees, of

26、a parallel between that place and the prime meridian 某地的经度系该地与本初子午线之间的纬线的弧的度数5、 almost universally 几乎一致6、 The prime meridian is almost universally accepted as the meridian that passes through the old Royal Observatory at Greenwich人们几乎一致承认以通过格林尼治皇家天文台原址的子午线作为本初子午线7、 be referred to as 被称为8、 Long. 115。

27、1802 116。5615E；Lat. 23。2510 24。4630W梅州市9、 If only 只要 要是、就好，但愿e.g. If only it clear up, well go. 只要天一放晴，我们就走e.g. If only you had worked with great care. 你要是更细心一点该多好啊。e.g. If only he arrives in time. 但愿他及时赶到10、 If only the longitude of a point is stated 如果只有，如果只11、 the same arc of measure 相同的量算弧度appli

28、es to an entire meridian.12、 apply to + 名词或动名词 适用于、请求帮忙e.g. For particulars, the information desk 请求帮忙13、 the expression 词语14、 “a meridian of longitude” 经度子午线15、 The actual length, in kilometers or miles, of a degree of longitude经度一度的实际长度（以公里或英里计）16、 It is also useful to know that the length of 1

29、76;of longitude is reduced to about one-half as much along the 60°parallels, or about 55.5km(34.5mi) 到了60度纬线，经度一度的弧的长度减少到原来长度的二分之一左右，即55.5公里。知道这一点也是有用的。17、 The latitude of a place is the arc, measured in degrees, of a meridian between that place and the equator. 纬度的定义18、 The latitude of a place

30、 is the arc, measured in degrees, of a meridian between that place and the equator. 某地的纬度系该地与赤道之间子午线的弧的度数19、 when both the latitude and longitude of a place are given, it is accurately any precisely located with respect to the geographic grid.确定了一个地方的经纬度，就可以在地里网格上精确地定出它的位置geographic grid 地理格网with re

31、spect to关于 、 对于e.g. In respect to the content this essay is good, but it is unsatisfactory in other respects.关于（至于）这文章的内容是好的，但其他方面不理想20、 constant value 常值21、 for ordinary purposes 通常情况下22、 by no means 决不23、 large scale map 大比例尺地图24、 small scale map 小比例尺地图25、 A circle, fitted to the curvature of the

32、ellipse at the pole, is larger in radius than a circle fitted to the ellipse at the equator 与极地椭圆相吻合的圆，其半径要比与赤道椭圆相吻合的圆的半径大26、 at 15 intervals 每隔15度27、 The fixed star(sun)-planet -nebula-comet-meteor恒星-行星-星云-彗星-流星28、 Sun Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn,Uranus, Neptune Pluto(×)29、 Th

33、e Pluto is dwarf planet（矮行星）Lesson 2. ROTATION AND REVOLUTION OF THE EARTH地球的自转和公转 P6专心-专注-专业Rotation rutein 自转Revolution rvlu:n 公转Polarpul; 地极的axisæksis 轴Solar day 太阳日Solar hour 太阳时centrifugal sentrifjugl 离心的sidereal year 恒星年tropical year 回归年Vernal v:nl 春天的equinox i:kwinks n. 二分点Vernal equinox

34、 春分（点）calendar year 历年leap year 闰年Text1、 polar axis 极轴2、 period of rotation 自转周期3、 mean 平均的、 中间的、鄙陋的mean solar day 平均太阳日mean solar hour 平均太阳时mean temperature （ velocity ）平均气温mean motive 鄙陋的动机mean opinion 自卑感Take a mean course 采取折衷方法4、 This day is the average time required for the earth to make one c

35、omplete turn in respect to the sun. 平均太阳日系地球对太阳而言完成一次自转所需的平均时间in respect to / with respect to 关于5、 applying one of the following rules 采用下列法则之一6、 Globe 地球仪Equator 赤道North Pole 北极Parallel 纬线Meridian 经线The Prime Meridian 本初子午线north pole of the Earth 地球北极counter 反的 、 逆的counterclockwise 逆时针Counteract 反作

36、用Countermeasure 对策7、 the apparent motion of the sun 视太阳运动apparent 明显的，表观的，外显的，视 angle 视角;solar time 视太阳时body 天体8、 The velocity of earth rotation, defined as rate of travel of a point on the earths surface in a circular path due to rotation alone, may easily be computed by dividing the length of para

37、llel at the latitude of the point in question by 24, the approximate period of rotation.地球自转速度的定义是地面上某一点仅由于自转而沿圆形轨道运动的速率，用该点所在纬度的纬线长度除以24（自转的近似周期），就可以很容易算出地球的速度。in question 正被讨论的the point in question 该点the job in question 该项工作the book in question 该书9、 at constant rate 以恒定的速率10、 two important physica

38、l phenomena result from the decrease in rotational velocity with increase in latitude.自转速度随纬度增加而减小，这导致了两个重要的自然现象physical phenomena 自然现象result from 起因于11、 there is a centrifugal force generated by the earths turning which gives surface objects a faint tendency to fly off into space地球自转产生了离心力，它使地面上的物体

39、略有脱离地球飞向太空的趋势centrifugal force 离心力12、 this effect is most marked；be marked；be obvious；be outstanding 显著的13、 For example, an object which would weigh 289 pounds at the equator if the earth were not turning actually weighs l pound less.例如，一个在赤道上的物体在地球不转动的情况下重289磅，它称起来实际上要轻1磅14、 Another effect of the d

40、ecreasing rotational velocity with increasing latitude is to cause objects in motion to be deflected slightly to the right or left of their paths.自转速度随纬度增高而减小的另一个影响，是使运动物体或左或右地稍许偏离轨道15、 the Ecliptic plane 黄道面16、 For example, the time required for the earth to return to a given point in its orbit wit

41、h reference to the fixed stars is called the sidereal year.例如，以某些恒星为参照物，地球转回轨道上特定的某一点所需要的时间为恒星年。the fixed stars 恒星with reference to 以.为参照sidereal year 恒星年17、 For earth-sun relationships we use the tropical year, which is the period of time from one vernal equinox to the next, and has a length of app

42、roximately 3651/4 days.我们用回归年来表示地球与太阳之间的关系，回归年是从一个春分点到下一个春分点的时间周期，长约365.25天。18、 The vernal Equinox 春分日 Arctic Circle 北极圈The summer solstice 夏至日 Antarctic Circle 南极圈The autumnal Equinox 秋分日 polar day 极昼The winter solstice 冬至日 polar night 极夜19、 tropic （天）回归线the tropic of Cancer （巨蟹座）北回归线the tropic of

43、Capricorn（摩羯座）南回归线20、 tropical 热带的the tropical zone 热带the temperate zone 温带the frigid one; 寒带the tropical storm 热带风暴;21、 hurricane 飓风Severe ocean storms that develop over the Indian Ocean are called cyclones.Storms that form over the northwestern Pacific Ocean are typhoons.And storms that form over

44、the eastern Pacific Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean are hurricanes22、 Every four years the extra one-fourth day difference （between the tropical years and the calendar year of 365 days ）accumulates to nearly one whole day .23、 By inserting a 29th day in February every leap year we are able to correct t

45、he calendar with respect to the tropical year.每逢闰年，在二月份加上第29天，我们就能根据回归年来校正年历。24、 Further minor corrections are necessary to perfect this system.为了完善这个系统，有必要再作一些小的修正25、 In its orbit the earth moves in such a direction that if we imagine ourselves in space, looking down upon the earth and sun so as to

46、 see the north pole of the earth, the earth is traveling counterclockwise around the sun. This is the same direction of turning as the earth rotation.Lesson 4. THE MAJOR CLASSES OF LANDFORMS主要地形类型 P131、 four very general types 4种非常笼统的类型2、 general 一般的、总的、全面的、大体的、笼统的a outline 大纲He speaks in terms. 他笼统

47、地说了说3、 plain4、 be susceptible to + n = can be done 可被- - -的e.g. The problem is to solution= The problem can be solved.5、 However, it is the horizontal (dimension) rather than the vertical dimension which predominates in plains country但是，在平原地区占优势的是水平维而不是垂直维horizontal dimension and vertical dimension

48、; 水平维和垂直维plains country 平原地区hilly 丘陵地区6、 To a degree 一定程度上7、 To qualify as plateaus in the strictest sense5, such areas should be terminated on at least one side by a steep edge, or escarpment, marking an abrupt transition from the plateau surface to areas at a lower elevation.严格地说，要达到高原的标准，这种地区至少应有

49、一侧是陡峭的边缘（即陡崖），表现为从高原表面到低海拔地区呈现突然的过渡。To qualify as 为了达到-标准Marking 表现为8、 However, the word “plateau” is often used loosely in referring to relatively level areas lying at considerable heights, whether terminated by a definite escarpment or not但是，高原这个词常常不严格地用来指高度相当大、相对平坦的地区，而不管其尽头有无陡崖。considerably high 相当高Comparatively high 比较高9、 well-defined pla