高考英语最近5年全国卷真题语法专项时态与语态(10页)

1、高考英语最近5年全国卷真题语法专项时态与语态一.考点概述：本考点在历年的高考题中是必考点，主要考查根据具体的语境如 何正确运用时态及被动语态，重点考察现在完成时，过去完成时，一般过 去时等，考查形式：语法填空和短文改错；其次就是在阅读理解和完型填 空上句子的含义理解等二.考点聚焦高考中需要掌握的是八大基本时态，加上将来进行时如：will bedoing及现在完成进行时have/has been doing;对于的时态的掌握，主要 是从两个方面来把握即时态的结构和时间状语词三.考点精讲1 . 一般现在时表示是频率，每天要做的事，也可表示客观的真理结构：谓语动词是 do/does（do指的是句子的

2、谓语动词是原形，does指的是谓语动词是三单线）被动语态结构：am/is/are +done（过去分词）时间的副词： every day; always; often 等例如：I play football every day.He always watches TV.注意：该时态历年在改错中经常考例如： I remembered that my father once said, "The classroom is a place for learning and that include learning from textbooks, and mistakes as well.

3、" （2018 年全国 3） 解析：通过观察，打引号的部分是一般现在时，连词and并列的是一个句子，thatinclude learning from textbooks, and mistakes as well.所以 include 改为 includes2 . 一般过去时表示过去的事情、动作或状态常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用（或有上下文语境暗示）；结构：谓语动词是did （did指的是句子的谓语动词是过去式）被动语态结构：was/were+done时间状语词：yesterday; last + 时间（month , week 等）;five years ago; just n

4、ow 等例如：I watched TV last night.Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and （be）too violent for use at the table. （2016 年全国 3）解析：孔子认为刀会使人们想起杀戮，并且在餐桌上使用太暴力了。根据判断该句都是过去时，所以这里填过去式，其主语是 knives,故填were;3 .现在进行时表示说话的时候此刻正在发生的事结构：谓语动词是 am/is/are+doing被动语态结构：am/is/are+being done时间状语词：now ; r

5、ight now; at this time;at this moment 等例如：He is repiring the bike now.变为被动 The bike is being repaired by him now.4 .过去进行时表示过去的某个时间点正在发生的事情结构：谓语动词是 was/were +doing被动语态结构： was/were +being done时间状语词：at+ 时间点 last night ; at that time;at that moment等例如：I was watching TV at 8:00 last night.5 . 一般将来时表示未来要发

6、生的动作或状态。(参考点是现在)结构： 谓语动词是： will do sth 或 be going to do sth;被动语态结构： will be done 或 am/is/are going to be done时间状语词：tomorrow; next + 时间(week,year,month ) ;in + 时间段等例如：I will be back in five days.I am going to repair the bike tomorrow.变为被动 The bike is going to be repaired by me tomorrow.6 .过去将来时表示过去的某

7、个点将要发生的事情（参考点是过去）结构： 谓语动词是 would do sth 或 was/were going to do sth;被动语态结构： would be done 或 was/were going to be done时间状语词：一般是跟when ; if等连接的句子出现较多例如：I felt nervous because I would leave home for the first time.7 .现在完成时表示过去的某个动作对现在的影响结构：谓语动词是 have/has done被动语态结构：have/has been done时间将状语词；for+时间段；since+

8、时间点/句子；so far ； in the past+时间段等例如：I have studied English since 2015注意：该点是高考中经常考查的地方例如：I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I （make） over the years. （2019 年全国 2）解析：我喜欢这里，喜欢看我的家人和我已经较为了很多年的朋友。over theyears表示段时间，故填 have made 。8 .过去完成时表示过去的某个动作对过去的影响（过去的过去）结构：谓语动词是 had done被动语态结构

9、：had been done时间状语词：by the time ; by the end of + 时间等例如：By the end of 2018 I had studied English for 2 years.9 .将来进行时表示将来的某个时间点正在发生的事情结构：will be doing例如：I will be visiting Beijing this time next week.10 .现在完成进行时结构：have/has been done2015年一2019年全国卷语法专项语法填空1. It was raining lightly when I（arrive ） in Y

10、angshuo just before dawn.（2015 年全国 1）解析；根据本句的It was raining l可知为过去时，故填arrived ;2. So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research, I （allow） to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre.（2016 年全国 1）解析：根据本句it

11、wasagreathonour 表示过去时，加上I和allow之间是 被动，故填 was allowed。3. It could be anything-gardening, cooking, music, sportsbut whatever it is,(make) sure it ' sa relief from daily stress rathnem another thing to worry about. (2016 年全国 2)解析：本句是考查祈使句，因为 whatever it is,是从句，故填make。4. Truly elegant chopsticks mig

12、ht (make)of gold and silver with Chinesecharacters. (2016 年全国 3)解析:这些精美的筷子是由金银所制作的。此句有表示被动的含义，might是情态动词，故填be made5. When fat and salt (remove) from food, the food tastes as if ismissing something. (2017 年全国 1)解析： 根据本句 the food tastes as if is missing something. 表示一般现在时，且此空表示被动，故填 are removed o6. Fa

13、st food (be) full of fat and salt; by eating more fast food peoplewill get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. (2017 年全国 1)解析: 根据 people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet ,可知是现在时，故填is；7. Steam engines(use) to pull the carriages and it must have been fairlyunpleasant

14、 for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. (2017 年全国2)解析： 根据 it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers,表示对过去的推测，所以填 were used。8. Later, engineers（manage） to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels （隧道）,which became known to the tube. （2017 年全国 2）解析： 由 which became known t

15、o the tube.可知表过去，故填 managed ;9. Sarah （tell） that she could be Britain' s new supermodel earninmillion dollars in the next year. （2017 年全国 3）解析：根据 she could be Britain前permode去，故填wastold ;10. My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school（come） first. （2017 年全国 3）解析：根据 My d

16、ad thinks I should take the offer now. 表示现在，故填 comes11. Diets have changed in China - and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country （grow） more corn than rice（2018 年全国 2）解析：根据Since 2011时间词；考查现在完成时，故填 has grow；12. 15. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005when thegovernmen

17、t（start） a soil-testing program that gives specificfertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by7.7 million tons. （2018 年全国 2）解析：根据between 2005时间词，可判断为过去时，故填 started ;13. 16. When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find them alive. True to a go

18、rilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal(mean)me no real harm. (2018 年全国 3)解析：根据the gorillas and I frightened each other,判断出是过去时，故填meant;14. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements.(2019 年全国 1)解析：In recent years 表示现在完成时的时间词，故

19、填 have reported15. 18. Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data. (2019 年全国 1)解析：根据three are declining,可知为一般现在时，故填 are19. Picking up her “ Lifetime Achievement ” award, proud(tateneare) she had no plans to

20、 retire from her 36-year-old business. (2019 年全国 2)解析： 根据 had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business. 可知表示过去 时，故填 declared o21. Our hosts shared many of their experiences and (recommend ) wonderful places to eat , shop, and visit. (2019 年全国 3)解析: 根据 Our hosts shared many of their experienc

21、es表过去时，故填recommended22. On the last day of our week-long stay , we (invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars. (2019 年全国3解析：On the last day of our week-long stay表示过去的时间词，故填 wereinvited ;短文改错1. When I was a child, I hoped to live in the city. I think I

22、 would be happy there. （2015 年全国 1）2. Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become avery serious problem. （2015 年全国 1）3. Tony was scared and begun to cry. （ 2015 年全国 2）4. A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside a shop. （ 2015 年全国2）5. I thought that it is a go

23、od idea. It does not cost much, yet we can still learn a lot. （ 2016 年全国 2）6. They always tell me what to do and how to do it. （ 2016 年全国3）7. Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor butonce I started the car, my mind goes blank.（2017 年全国 1）8. When summer came, they will invite their students to pick the vegetables ！ （2017 年全国 2）9. When I look at this picture of myself ， I realize how fast time flies. I had grown not only physically, but also mentally in the past few years. （ 2017 年 全国3）10. About one month after this photo was took, I entered my second ye