图解式英语佳句写作345

1、第三章 Chapter 3Combining Independent Clauses Using the Semicolon（用分号号连接独立子句）预备知识我们在前面学过用逗号和并列连词去连接独立子句以构成复句的方法。我们需要逐步系统地了解独立子句、简单句、并列连词和复句的关系。 我们还可以用分号(;)连接独立子句以构成复句。但分号并不是逗号的替换词。所以使用分号时切记不要同时使用带逗号的并列连词，还要切记分号后的名词不要用句首的大写字母。分号前后两个独立子句之间必须是语义联系非常紧密的，否则只能各自采用句号。注意下列例句中的粗体黑字的语义联系：1）The anaconda is the wo

2、rlds largest snake; it can grow to thirty feet or more in length. (前后分句的相关理念都是谈论水蟒蛇的长度。)2）The nurse measured (the patients) blood pressure; she also took a blood sample. (前后分句的相关理念都是谈论护士处理血液。)3）The submarine dove to a depth (of three hundred fathoms); it hovered silently at that depth (for two hours

3、.) (前后分句的相关理念都是谈论潜艇在水中升降的深度。)以下各句分号用法不当，前后两句风马牛不相及，应该分别改正为句号：1）The bear rummaged through the camp food supply;（.）some people believe in angels.Improper Use2）Japan consists of four large islands; （.） solar panels can generate electricity. (no relating idea)Improper Use3）Sundials are practical and dec

4、orative; （.） snorkeling is a popular vacation pastime. (no relating idea)分号可以丰富写作形式，但切记莫要滥用。练习一 用分号合并句子下面十个句子都是描述医疗手术的。因为它们都是处理同一个主题，我们就可以用分号合并其中一些语义有紧密联系的句子。对语义相对独立的句子便单独使用句号。The surgical team prepared the operating room for the procedure.The surgeon dressed in a green surgical gown.She wore a prot

5、ective cap covering her hair.Bachs Toccata and Fugue in D Minor was piped into the operating room during the operation.It helped to maintain a relaxed atmosphere during the delicate procedure.The operation was a success.The patient experienced a quick recovery.He was back at work in less than two we

6、eks.His insurance paid for the operation.His family was happy to have him healthy again.练习二 用分号合并句子给下列各句增添一个分号和一个独立子句，从而形成一个复句。注意增添的子句必须与原句具有恰当的紧密的语义联系例如: 原有单句：The manager trained the crew each Friday添补后形成的复合句：The manager trained the crew each Friday; the training was important.1. The bakery held a

7、sale once a week2. The passenger passed through the metal detector3. The books were arranged neatly on the shelves4. Simone waxed the china cabinet5. A strange noise came from the attic6. A flock of geese flew over the field7. Ari seemed perplexed by the math problem8. The driver applied the cars em

8、ergency brake9. Seinfeld was a popular television comedy for many years10. The bells in the town hall steeple chimed every evening练习三 用分号造出复句下面有十个话题，给每一个话题造出一个含有分号的复句。A favorite pet A thoughtful giftAn exciting event An enjoyable hobby/pastimeA memorable person A disturbing dreamA meaningful place A

9、 rewarding jobA fantastic meal A fantastic vacation/trip1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.练习四 用分号重新编写复句利用分号将下面含有九句话的段落缩减为含有七句话的段落。To potential owners, any pet with the label “exotic” signals poor health and enormous veterinarian bills. However, a cockatiel is a good choice as the family pet. Cockatiels, while ex

10、otic looking, are rather hearty and can live fifteen years or more. Most cockatiels are gray with white patches on their wings. They also have colorful crests that point straight toward the sky. A Pearl Lutino is a more exotic looking cockatiel. Its feathers are mostly yellow and white, with gray st

11、ripes running down long, elegant tail feathers. Big, perfectly round tufts that look like fuzzy peaches grow over the cockatiels ears. Cockatiels are fairly small, usually measuring only twelve to fourteen inches and weighing only two to four ounces.练习五 用分号重新编写复句利用分号将下面含有十句话的段落缩减为含有八句话的段落。In general

12、, cockatiels are friendly and sociable. They love to ride around on the shoulder of their owners, as if they were being chauffeured. An occasional nip on the ear is their way of showing the chauffeur appreciation for the ride. Cockatiels like to be included in all family gatherings. The most loving

13、and affectionate cockatiels are those that are hand fed as chicks. In addition to being affectionate, cockatiels are intelligent and amusing. They are capable of whistling tunes and learning to perform a variety of tricks. Mimicry and playful interaction are further behaviors that make these birds f

14、ascinating. Like most birds, cockatiels love to have their heads scratched behind their long crest feathers. If a family chooses a cockatiel as its pet, the rewards will be well worth the effort to train and care for the bird.章节任务自我评估（Chapter Self-Assessment Test）在下列叙述中，用T或 F判断其内容的真实性You cannot conn

15、ect simple sentences or independent clauses with a semicolon.When using a semicolon, be certain the two sentences or two independent clauses have a related idea.You can use a BOYFANS with a semicolon.The word following the semicolon is always capitalized第四章 Chapter 4Combining Independent Clauses Usi

16、ng the Adverbial Conjunction （用副词性关联词连接独立子句）预备知识前面已经学过利用逗号、并列连词以及分号合并独立子句和简单句成为复句。这样，我们可以多样化地有节奏感地表达相关的思维。现在我们可以学习用副词性关联词达到同样的目的。因为连词是虚词，在句中不能充当任何句子成分。而副词是实词，是可以充当句子成分的，我们便可以认定：副词性关联词在句中充当了插入语。重视对副词性关联词的运用，有助于将相关的思维在句中联系得更强劲有力。常见的副词性关联词：副词性关联词 含义 副词性关联词 含义 accordingly since, so however by contrast,

17、in spite ofadditionally in addition incidentally by the wayalso in addition indeed in fact, undoubtedly anyway nevertheless, likewise in the same way, similarlywhateverbesides also, meanwhile the time between eventsin addition certainly inescapable, moreover in addition, more, plussure consequently

18、as a result of nevertheless but, despite, in spite of, still finally at the end next after, afterward, sincefurthermore in addition nonetheless however, neverthelesshence for this reason, now at present, immediatelyfrom now otherwise under other thereafter from then oncircumstancessimilarly as, as i

19、f, like therefore as a result, on account ofstill as before, thus as a result, in this waynow, yet then at that time, undoubtedly certainly,next in time indeed, truly注意，有一些副词性关联词具有相似的语义，可以相互替用。但要注意在副词性关联词之前加分号，其后加逗号。例如The team practiced in the morning; furthermore, they practiced again in the evenin

20、g.Aunt Louisa stopped at the bakery; meanwhile, her niece waited in the car.练习一 运用副词性关联词增添副词性插入语做关联词，能将成对的语义相关的独立子句之间的关系，表现得更紧密。但标点符号要正确。每一组副词插入语只能使用一次。例如: Sheila hit the ball; however, she was thrown out at first base.1. The CAT scan discovered a tumor it turned out to be benign.2. Wrestling at the

21、 high school or college level is physically demanding staying in shape is a necessity.3. Jackie did not like writing essays she worked hard and received an “A” in the class.4. The dentist warned my children to floss after every meal cavities and gum disease would surely develop over the next few yea

22、rs.5. The vacationers didnt like the tour guides itinerary they rented a car, bought a guide book, and went their own way.6. The crew chief made out the weekly shift schedule she hired three evening workers.7. The assistant unloaded the cases of soda his boss settled the account with the cafés

23、owner.练习二 用副词性关联词造出复句增添副词性插入语做关联词，能将下列成对的语义相关的独立子句之间的关系，表现得更紧密。但标点符号要正确。每一组副词插入语只能使用一次。例如: The painter chose yellow; however, the homeowner wanted beige.1. One detective was questioning witnesses her partner called the coroner.2. The mountain trail was curving the hikers decided to proceed.3. The NA

24、SCAR circuit is popular in the South sales of souvenirs there is very strong.4. The actress won a Golden Globe Award she won an Oscar.5. The moose charged the campers the bear went after the food.6. The concert lasted over five hours because of encores the band left the stage for food.7. The newlywe

25、ds could not decide on where to go for a honeymoon they bought a living room set instead.练习三 运用副词性关联词仔细阅读下列五个独立子句。在其后的空格处，利用副词性关联词增补恰当的相关的第二个独立子句。但要注意前后句意关系密切，全句的标点符号使用正确，而且每一个副词插入语只能使用一次。例如: The falling leaves covered the ground. The falling leaves covered the ground.; consequently, the golfers had

26、 a difficult time <finding their golf balls>. 1. The volunteer dug the irrigation ditch for the village2. A puppy is cute and cuddly3. Speedboats are fast and exciting4. My boyfriend does not enjoy the ballet5. Purchasing a computer is important练习四 用副词性关联词造出复句仔细阅读下列五个独立子句。在其后的空格处，利用副词性关联词增补恰当的

27、相关的第二个独立子句。但要注意前后句意关系密切，全句的标点符号使用正确，而且每一个副词插入语只能使用一次。例如: The cherry blossoms fell to the ground .The cherry blossoms fell to the ground; certainly, their beauty was going to fade quickly.1. The cat chased the ball of yarn2. The astronaut floated into the bay of the shuttle3. The harvest moon rose ov

28、er the field4. Some buildings are taller than fire engine ladders can reach5. Teaching your children to read is essential练习五 用副词性关联词造句子造出五个句子，每句含有相关的两个独立子句。各自使用不同的副词性关联词。每一个副词插入语不宜使用两次。1.2.3.4.5.练习六 整理用副词性关联词合并的句子利用副词性关联词将下列段落中的12个句子缩短为只含9个句子。每个复句在连词前要使用分号，其后使用逗号。要选择最能体现前后子句紧密关系的副词性关联词。During my hig

29、h school career, I made a point of becoming involved. I was in many different activities, from volunteer clubs to sports. I believe that this really helped me. I made friends with classmates whom I might never have gotten to know if it werent for the volleyball team or Kiwanis club. I learned to wor

30、k with others. I also am very proud of what I achieved through my activities. I learned valuable life lessons, such as forming friendships, the importance of teamwork, and pride in a job well done. Many students go into high school as shy, timid mice. They graduate as big, roaring bears. Participati

31、ng in extracurricular activities helps this process take place. It gives students self-confidence which, in turn, helps them throughout their entire lives. The activities students participate in, and the knowledge they acquire, will stay with them forever._练习七 整理用副词性关联词合并的句子利用副词性关联词将下列段落中的12个句子缩短为只含

32、9个句子。每个复句在连词前要使用分号，其后使用逗号。要选择最能体现前后子句紧密关系的副词性关联词。Many of the activities I participated in during high school involved teamwork. For example, in volleyball, the team must have a plan in order to defeat the opponent. The front line players and the back line players must coordinate their movements. Def

33、ensive and offensive strategies can shift from one second to the next depending on where the ball is hit and how the other team is positioning its players. The players have to make secret signals to one another in order to act together. Another activity I was involved with in high school took us int

34、o the city to winterize houses belonging to people who couldnt afford to do it themselves. We put plastic over the windowpanes. The plastic sheets were large and difficult to hold steady in the wind. The hammers were heavy and awkward to use. It took three-person teams to finish each window. The job

35、 would have been impossible if we didnt work together. I learned how important teamwork is in everyday life. _句子合并提示1) 采用分号合并两个独立子句或简单句是强有力的连接，它能清晰地显示两个理念之间的紧密联系。例如Glenns favorite hobby is listening to music; he doesnt play an instrument.2) 采用逗号和并列连词合并两个独立子句或简单句是更有力的连接，选择BOYFANS系列的连词更能清晰地显示两个理念之间紧密联

36、系的性质。例如Glenns favorite hobby is listening to music; but he doesnt play an instrument. 3) 但是，利用副词性关联词合并两个独立子句或简单句，就对前后关系的紧密性能最确切和有力地显示出来。因为副词性关联词既能揭示前后分句之间各个理念之间紧密联系的性质，又能通过句间的有节奏的停顿，增添对句意的重视。例如Glenns favorite hobby is listening to music; however , he doesnt play an instrument. 练习八 合并句子。利用前面学过的三种方法（分

37、号、 逗号后加用并列连词、分号后带副词性关联词另加逗号）合并下列成对的子句。1. Abstract art form has little direct reference to external or perceived reality_ it is normally synonymous with various types of twentieth-century avant-garde art.2. The term abstract also refers to images that have been abstracted or derived from nature_ the

38、images have been considerably altered or have been simplified to their basic geometric or biomorphic forms.3. The term nonobjective has been abandoned by most critics_ now they have supplanted it with the term abstract.4. Abstract expressionism appeared in the mid-twentieth century_ it was primarily

39、 concerned with expression through line and color5. The artist was interested in expressing emotional reaction to the world _objective experiences and situations were seen as less interesting.6. The movement was part of the organic, emotional, expressionistic approach to art_ it was developed to con

40、trast with the geometrically structural, rationalistic approach of the cubists.7. The roots of abstract expressionism can be found in the works of Kandinsky, Ernst, Duchamp, Chagall, and Tanguy_ they inspired a blossoming of abstract expressionism among American painters in the 1950s.8. The abstract

41、 movement centered in New York City_ this core of American painters was dubbed the New York School.9. The New York School included many now-famous artists _Pollock, de Kooning, Kline, and Rothko were the most famous American artists.10. Abstract expressionism also flourished in Europe_ the Tachism S

42、chool emphasized patches of color while the Art Informal School rejected formal structure.练习九 合并句子利用前面学过的三种方法（分号、 逗号后加用并列连词、分号后带副词性关联词另加逗号）合并下列成对的子句。1. The moon is a natural satellite of the earth _the name moon is sometimes applied to the satellites of other planets in the solar system.2. The moons

43、 diameter is about 2,160 miles_ although this is a large distance, it is only about one-fourth that of earth.3. The moons volume is about one-fiftieth that of earth_ the mass of the earth is 81 times greater than the mass of the moon.4. The moon has no free water and no atmosphere _no weather exists

44、 to change its surface topography.5. The moon orbits the earth at an average distance of 238,000 miles_ it completes one revolution around the earth every 27 days, 7 hours, 43 minutes, and 11.5 seconds.6. At any one time, an observer can see only 50 percent of the moons entire surface_ an additional

45、 9 percent can be seen around the apparent edge because of the relative motion called libration.7. Libration is caused by slightly different angles of view from the earth _different relative positions of the moon influence our “true” perception of it.8. The moon shows progressively different phases

46、as it moves along its orbit _half the moon is always in sunlight, just as half the earth has day while the other half has night.9. In the phase called the new moon, the face is completely in shadow_ about a week later, the moon is in first quarter, resembling a luminous half- circle.10. Another week

47、 later, the full moon shows its fully lighted surface _a week afterward, in its last quarter, the moon appears as a half-circle once again.练习十合并句子。在下面的段落中选择三个成对的句子，利用前面学过的三种方法（分号、 逗号后加用并列连词、分号后带副词性关联词另加逗号）合并成为复句。一种方法只用一次。The late November clouds gathered slowly throughout the day, forming a thick, g

48、ray blanket by the time the evening sky had darkened. The winter blizzard came to the farm during the night like a stealthy coyote sneaking up on an unsuspecting hen house. In the corners of the intersecting fences, the snowflakes waltzed in circles like miniature tornadoes. They changed speed and d

49、irection depending on the wind gusts. The snow banked high against the fence posts and rails also affected the little whirlwinds of ice and snow. Rising and falling silently, the snow swirls were silhouetted against the hazy aura of the moon straining to be seen through the overcast sky. The night g

50、rew like a black tide on the ocean. The snow stopped. The air sparkled with shimmering dust-like flakes kicked by imperceptible puffs of wind. The chilled air made the snows surface crisp and brittle. Soon, hard rubber tires would crunch the snow into stiff, well-formed patterns._章节任务自我评估（Chapter Se

51、lf-Assessment Test）在下列叙述中，用T或 F判断其内容的真实性When combining simple sentences or independent clauses, you can use an adverbial conjunction.The adverbial conjunction is preceded by a semicolon and followed by a comma.The word following the comma is always capitalized.The adverbial conjunction you choose should clarify the two ideas in the two simple sentences or independent clauses.Moreover is used to clarify that one idea is caused by another idea.Additionally is used when one idea is added to another.Therefore is used when an idea is negative.Conseque