英语六级模拟卷二附答案

1、Perhaps all criminals should be required to carry cards which read : “Fragile : handle with care.” It will never do, theses days, to go around referring to criminal as violent thugs.You must refer to them politely as “social misfits” ( 不能适应社会的人).The professional killer who wouldnt think twice about

2、using his club or knife to batter some harmless old lady to death in order to rob her of her meager life savings must never be given a dose of his own medicine. He is in need of “hospital treatment”. According to his misguided defenders, society is to blame.A wicked society breeds evil or so the arg

3、ument goes. When you listen to this kind of talk, it makes you wonder why we arent all criminals. We have done away with the absurdly harsh laws of the nineteenth century and this is only right. But surely enough is enough. The most senseless piece of criminal legislation in Britain and a number of

4、other countries has been the suspension of capital punishment.The violent criminal has become a kind of hero-figure in our time. He is glorified on the screen ; he is pursued by the press and paid vast sum of money for his “memories”. Newspapers which specialize in crime reporting enjoy enormous cir

5、culations and the publishers of trashy cops and robbers stories or “murder mysteries” have never had it so good. When you read about the achievements of the great train robbers, it makes you wonder whether you are reading about some glorious resistance movement. The hardened criminal is cuddled and

6、cosseted by the sociologists on the one hand and adored as a hero by the masses on the other. Its no wonder he is a privileged person who expects and receives VIP treatment wherever he goes.Capital punishment used to be a major deterrent. It made the violent robber think twice before pulling the tri

7、gger. It gave the coldblooded poisoner something to ponder about while he was shaking up or serving his arsenic cocktail. It prevented unarmed policemen from being killed while pursuing their duty by killers armed with automatic weapons. Above all, it protected the most vulnerable members of society

8、, young children, from brutal violence.It is horrifying to think that the criminal can literally get away with murder. We all know that “life sentence” does not mean what it says. After ten years or so of good conduct, the most desperate villain is free to return to society where he will live very c

9、omfortably, thank you, on the proceeds of his crime, or he will go on committing offences until he is caught again. People are always willing to hold liberal views at the expense of others. Its always fashionable to pose as the defender of the under-dog, so long as you, personally, remain unaffected

10、. Did the defenders of crime, one wonders, in their desire for fairplay, consult the victims before they suspended capital punishment? Hardly, you see, they couldnt, because all the victims were dead.21. According to the passage, which of the following is the authors opinion?A) All criminals should

11、be required to carry cards read : “Fragile : Handle with Care.”B) Capital punishment is the only way to deter criminals.C) Society is to blame.D) All criminals need hospital treatment.22. The tone taken by the author towards these defenders of crime in the passage is .A) ironicalB) criticalC) agitat

12、edD) controversial23. “Capital punishment” most probably means .A) life sentenceB) severe punishmentC) fineD) sentence of death24. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A) There has been a marked trend in society towards the humane treatment of less fortunate members.B) Everyone in

13、 society thinks it reasonable that all criminals should be punished.C) The author sympathizes with all criminals.D) Robbers usually think twice before shooting.25. What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?A) Professional killers should not be treated with humane treatment.B) The violent robbers

14、 should think twice before pulling the trigger.C) We should give the poisoner time to ponder about while he is shaking up or serving his arsenic cocktail.D) Severe punishment,even death penalty, should be given to criminals.Passage TwoFor about three centuries we have been doing science, trying scie

15、nce out, using science for the construction of what we call modern civilization. Every dispensable item of contemporary technology, from canal locks to dial telephones to penicillin, was pieced together from the analysis of data provided by one or another series of scientific experiments. Three hund

16、red years seems a long time for testing a new approach to human interliving, long enough to settle back for critical appraisal of the scientific method, maybe even long enough to vote on whether to go on with it or not. There is an argument.Voices have been raised in protest since the beginning, ris

17、ing in pitch and violence in the nineteenth century during the early stages of the industrial revolution, summoning urgent crowds into the streets any day these days on the issue of nuclear energy. Give it back, say some of the voices, it doesnt really work, weve tried it and it doesnt work, go back

18、 three hundred years and start again on something else less chancy for the race of man.The principle discoveries in this century, taking all in all, are the glimpses of the depth of our ignorance about nature. Things that used to seem clear and rational, matters of absolute certaintyNewtonian mechan

19、ics, for examplehave slipped through our fingers, and we are left with a new set of gigantic puzzles, cosmic uncertainties, ambiguities; some of the laws of physics are amended every few years, some are canceled outright, some undergo revised versions of legislative intent as if they were acts of Co

20、ngress.Just thirty years ago we call it a biological revolution when the fantastic geometry of the DNA molecule was exposed to public view and the linear language of genetics was decoded. For a while, things seemed simple and clear, the cell was a neat little machine, a mechanical device ready for t

21、aking to pieces and reassembling, like a tiny watch. But just in the last few years it has become almost unbelievably complex, filled with strange parts whose functions are beyond todays imagining.It is not just that there is more to do, there is everything to do. What lies ahead, or what can lie ah

22、ead if the efforts in basic research are continued, is much more than the conquest of human disease or the improvement of agricultural technology or the cultivation of nutrients in the sea. As we learn more about fundamental processes of living things in general we will learn more about ourselves.26

23、. What cant be inferred from the 1st paragraph?A) Scientific experiments in the past three hundred years have produced many valuable items.B) For three hundred years there have been people holding hostile attitude toward science.C) Modern civilization depends on science so man supports scientific pr

24、ogress unanimously.D) Three hundred years is not long enough to settle back critical appraisal of scientific method.27. The principle discovery in this century shows .A) man has overthrown Newtons laws of physicsB) man has solved a new set of gigantic puzzlesC) man has lost many scientific discoveri

25、esD) man has given up some of the once accepted theories28. Now scientists have found in the past few years .A) the exposure of DNA to the public is unnecessaryB) the tiny cell in DNA is a neat little machineC) man knows nothing about DNAD) man has much to learn about DNA29. The writers main purpose

26、 in writing the passage is to say that .A) science is just at its beginning B) science has greatly improved mans lifeC) science has made profound progress D) science has done too little to human beings30. The writers attitude towards science is .A) criticalB) approvingC) neutralD) regretfulPassage T

27、hreeThe desire for achievement is one of lifes great mysteries. Social scientists have devoted lifetimes to studying the drives that spur us out of bed in the morning,compel us to work or study hard and spark all manner of human endeavor.Indeed, a 1992 textbook actually documents 32 distinct theorie

28、s of human motivation.Given this diversity of thought,its easy to forget that for a half century,American society has been dominated by the psychological school known as behaviorism, or Skinnerian psychology. Although behaviorism and its fundamental principle of “positive reinforcement” have long si

29、nce lost their sway in academic circles, the Skinnerian legacy remains powerful in every realm of trash out. Do it, and you can go to the movies Friday night.Not in the mood for work? Keep plugging away,and you might get a bonus. Not interest in calculus? Strive for an A in the class, and you will m

30、ake the honor roll. The theory may be bankrupt, but incentives and rewards are so much a part of American culture that its hard to imagine life without them.Yet thats exactly what a growing group of researchers are advocating today. A steady stream of research has found that rather than encouraging

31、and diminishing performance, “our society is caught in a whopping paradox,” asserts Alfie Kohn, author of the new book published by Rewards (Houghton Mifflin), which surveys recent research on the effectiveness of rewards. “We complain loudly about declining productivity, the crisis of our school an

32、d the distorted values of our children. But the very strategy we use to solve those problems damaging rewards like incentive plans and grade and candy bars in front of people is partly responsible for the fix were in.”Its a tough argument to make in a culture that celebrates the spoils of success. Y

33、et study after study shows that people tend to perform worse, to give up more easily and to lose interest more quickly when a reward is involved. Children who are given treats for doing artwork, for example, lose for tutoring youngsters dont teach as enthusiastically as tutors offered nothing. And c

34、hief executive officers who have been awarded longterm incentive plans have often steered their companies toward lower returns.31.According to behaviorism, all human actions .A) are based on stimulus and responseB) have no bearing on human drivesC) are supposed to be highly motivatedD) are of a grea

35、t mystery32.Behaviorism basically believes in .A) motivationB) performanceC) rewardsD) human factors33. From the passage, it can be inferred that .A) rewards are highly effective in AmericaB) rewards are not much soughtafter in academic circlesC) rewards have long lost their appeal in American socie

36、tyD) Americans are addicted to rewards34. The childrens behavior in the last paragraph .A) can be best explained be behaviorismB) can be linked to Pavlovs dogsC) shows that rewards may well kill desireD) serve to provided evidence to behaviorism35. Which of the following in support of the finding th

37、at “people tend to perform worse,when a reward is involved”( last paragraph )?A) People are not used to being conditioned by prizes.B) Rewards, like punishments, are attempts to control behavior.C) Rewards are so indispensable to American cultures.D) The principle of “positive reinforcement” in not

38、fully enforced.Passage FourQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic (官僚主义的) management in which man becomes a small, well-oiled cog in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher wages, well-ventil

39、ated factories and piped music, and by psychologists and “human-relations” experts; yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become power-less, that he does not wholeheartedly participate in his work and that he is bored with it. In fact, the blue and the white-collar workers have be

40、come economic puppets who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management.The worker and employee are anxious, not only because they might find themselves out of a job; they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction or interest in life. They live a

41、nd die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings.Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious. Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates. They are even more in

42、secure in some respects. They are in a highly competitive race. To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a matter of selfrespect. When they apply for their first job, they are tested for intelligence as well as for the tight mixture of submissiveness and independence.

43、 From that moment on they are tested again and again by the psychologists, for whom testing is a big business, and by their superiors, who judge their behavior, sociability, capacity to get along, etc. This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than ones fellow-competitor creates c

44、onstant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness.Am I suggesting that we should return to the preindustrial mode of production or to nineteenth-century “free enterprise capitalism”? Certainly not. Problems are never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown.

45、 I suggest transforming our social from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialitiesthose of and of reasonare the aims of all social arrangements. Prod

46、uction and consumption should serve only as means to this end, and should be prevented from ruling man.36. By “a well-oiled cog in the machinery” the author intends to render the idea that man is .A) a necessary part of the society though each individuals function is negligibleB) working in complete

47、 harmony with the rest of the societyC) an unimportant part in comparison with the rest of the society, though functioning smoothlyD) a humble component of the society, especially when working smoothly37. The real cause of the anxiety of the workers and employees is that .A) they are likely to lose

48、their jobsB) they have no genuine satisfaction or interest in lifeC) they are faced with the fundamental realities of human existenceD) they are deprived of their individuality and independence38. From the passage we can infer that real happiness of life belongs to those .A) who are at the bottom of

49、 the societyB) who are higher up in their social statusC) who prove better than their fellow-competitorsD) who could keep far away from this competitive world39. To solve the present social problems the author suggests that we should .A) resort to the production mode of our ancestorsB) offer higher

50、wages to the workers and employeesC) enable man to fully develop his potentialitiesD) take the fundamental realities for granted40. The authors attitude towards industrialism might best be summarized as one of .A) approval B) dissatisfaction C) suspicion D) tolerancePart Vocabulary (20 minutes)Direc

51、tions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best complete the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.41. Since the most commonly ac

52、cepted test is the TOEFL exam, most institutions will expect a TOEFL score for admission.A) minimalB) maximalC) mimimumD) maximum42. It was believed that his death with the robbery of the bank downtown.A) accompaniedB) coincidedC) correlatedD) conformed43. Does Emerson find his career full and as a

53、basketball player?A) conflictingB) charmingC) rewardingD) awarding44. The local government gave the first to education after the war.A) projectionB) protectionC） professionD) priority45. The professor his habit of getting up early in the morning to do writing all his life.A) projectionB) retainedC）

54、retailedD) revitalized46. The news of our team winning the match was really , and millions of people came out to celebrate the victory.A) overwhelmingB) acceleratingC） promptingD) preceding47. What the government should do urgently is to take actions to the economy.A) brookB) blushC） boostD) brood48

55、. The explosion in the mine was by a careless miner who lit a match.A) triggeredB) claimedC） hamperedD) protested49. The mass newspaper depended significantly more on advertisingthan did their predecessors.A) revenuesB) incomesC） avenuesD) outcomes50. Some minerals are quite common, others are regio

56、nally , and still others are rare on the earth.A) attributedB) distributedC） contributedD) scattered51. The most successful way to solve the language problem while a foreign play is being performed is translation.A) instantaneousB) spontaneousC） simultaneousD) homogeneous52. The hostess in the contr

57、act that the rent should be paid in cash at the beginning of each month.A) assumedB) submittedC） exposedD) specified53. This year, the number of accidents has that of last year.A) overtakenB) overweighedC） overcomeD) overshadowed54. You must yourself or they will continue to bully you, so you will go on living in disgrace.A) assessB) assertC） maintainD) promote55. While both plans were perfectly sensible, only one seemed in Chinas particular situation.A) availableB) feasibleC）resolvableD) presumable56. A good teacher must know how to his ideas to the students, as generally agree