大学英语(1)参考资料

1、重庆大学网络教育学院大学英语（1）参考资料一、阅读理解（本大题共0 0 分，共 20 小题，每小题0 分）1. The loss of biological diversity has become most spectacularlynoticeable in extinction or decline of populations of large and well-known animals. Many animal species have become extinct since the1700 s, among them the California grizzly bear （

2、加得弗尼亚灰熊）, thedodo （ 渡渡鸟 ）, and the passenger pigeon （候鸽）. Hundreds of otheranimal species are threatened. InNorth America, endangered speciesinclude the black-footed ferret （黑足貂）, the Californiacondor （ 秃鹫 ）, the desert tortoise, and the whooping crane.Most species in danger of extinction anywhere i

3、n the world aresuffering from the encroachment of human beings. The Asian elephant,for example, has become an endangered species due to the expansion ofthe human population throughout its range in southern Asia. In Africa,the African elephants are being killed off for their tusks. Monkeysand other p

4、rimates throughout the world are threatened by hunting,capture for medical use, and the destruction of their habitats. Andthe rhinoceroses （ 犀 牛 ）, lions, and other large mammals of theAfrican savanna （grassy plains with scattered trees） compete for landand life with some of the most rapidly growing

5、 human populations inthe world.The loss of biological diversity is most severe, however, in thetropical rain forests. The forests of the tropics are particularlyvulnerable to disturbance because the soils have a low capacity forretaining nutrients （ 营养 ）. Most of the forests nutrient elementsare hel

6、d in the tissues （ 组织 ） of plants. When loggers （ 樵夫 ） andfarmers destroy existing plant cover, the nutrients are washed fromthe land into streams, and the land itself becomes less able tosupport life. Destruction of these forests destroys the habitat ofhundreds, sometimes thousands, of species-from

7、 such creatures asthe howler monkey （ 吼猴 ）and indigo macaw （ 金刚 鹦鹉 ）, to less visiblespecies of plants, insects, and microbes, many of which are not yetknown to science.（1） . The author points out that species extinction .A. quickened with the industrialization of the society（2） . Which one is close

8、st in meaning to the underlined wordencroachment?C. Intrusion.（3） . The chief cause of the gradual disappearance of biologicaldiversity is .B. human interference .（4） . In tropical forests, .B. a lot of species die out for lack of food（5） . It can be inferred that species extinction .A. proceeds at

9、a faster rate than noticeable2. CHICAGO （AP） On Jan. 1, an order went into effect requiring thatevery checked bag at more than 400 of the nations commercialairports be screened （扫描检查）for bombs and weapons.Sunday was expected to be the heaviest travel day since Jan. 1. Yetspot checks on Sunday at sev

10、eral of the nations airports showed nomajor delays caused by the new security measures.At the international terminal for Northwest Airlines at John F.Kennedy International Airport in New York, passengers waited up to 30minutes longer than usual. Their bags were sent through giantscreening machines a

11、nd workers tore open taped boxes and searchedthrough their contents before closing them up again.Most travelers simply accepted stricter screening developed since theterrorist （恐怖分子）attacks on Sept. 11, 2001, before which only 5percent of the roughly 2 million bags checked each day were screenedfor

12、bombs.The U.S. government has put an additional 23,000 people into airportsto carry out the new order.Sonny Salgatar, a 23-year-old college student flying home to SanDiego from Chicago, was told by an airport officer after the firstpass that one of his bags was hot, meaning there was something hecou

13、ldnt identify and he wanted to open the bag for an inspection.The hot item turned out to be Salgatars clothing iron.Listen, anything they want to do for security is OK for me,Salgatar said.(1) . The new measure was adopted to guard against .A. terrorist attacks(2) . The word hot (Line 2, Para. 6) mo

14、st probably means .D. suspicious(3) . Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? B. Most passengers regard the new measure as necessary.(4) . What was the attitude of Sonny Salgatar towards the securitymeasure taken? B. He had no objection.(5) . The best title of the passage might be .

15、C. New Security Measures Adopted3. People do not analyze every problem they meet. Sometimes they tryto remember a solution from the last time they had a similar problem.They often accept the opinions or ideas of other people. Other timesthey begin to act without thinking; they try to find a solution

16、 bytrial and error. However, when all these methods fail, the personwith a problem has to start analyzing. There are six stages inanalyzing a problem.First the person must recognize that there is a problem. For example,Sams bicycle is broken, and he cannot read it to class as he usuallydoes. Sam mus

17、t see that there is a problem with his bicycle.Next the thinker must define the problem. Before Sam can repair hisbicycle, he must find the reason why it does not work. For instance,he must determine if the problem is with the gears, the brakes, orthe frame. He must make his problem more specific.No

18、w the person must look for information that will make the problemclearer and lead to possible solutions. For instance, suppose Samdecided that his bike does not work because there is something wrongwith the gear wheels. At this time, he can look in his bicycle repairbook and read about gears. He can

19、 talk to his friends at the bikeshop. He can look at his gears carefully. After studying the problem,the person should have several suggestions for a possible solution.Take Sam as an illustration. His suggestions might be: put oil on thegear wheels; buy new gear wheels and replace the old ones; tigh

20、ten orloosen the gear wheels.Eventually one suggestion seems to be the solution to the problem.Sometimes the final idea comes very suddenly because the thinkersuddenly sees something new or sees something in a new way. Sam, forexample, suddenly sees that there is a piece of chewing gum (口香糖)between

21、the gearwheels. He immediately realizes the solution to hisproblem: he must clean the gear wheels.Finally the solution is tested. Sam cleans the gear wheels and findsthat afterwards his bicycle works perfectly. In short, he has solvedthe problem.(1) . What is the best title for this passage?B. Possi

22、ble Ways to Problem-solving(2) . In analyzing a problem, we should do all the following exceptthat we.D. find a solution by trial or mistake(3) . By referring to Sams broken bicycle, the author intends to.C. tell us how to solve a problem(4) . Which of the following is NOT true?A. People do not anal

23、yze the problem they meet.(5) . As used in the last sentence, the phrase in short means.C. in a word4. A moments drilling by the dentist may make us nervous and upset.Many of us cannot stand pain. To avoid the pain of a drilling thatmay last perhaps a minute or two, we demand the needle- a shot ofno

24、vocaine ( 奴佛卡因) that deadens the nerves around the tooth.Now itstrue that the human body has developed its millions ofnerves to be highly aware of what goes on both inside and outside ofit. This helps us adjust to the world. Without our nerves - and ourbrain, which is a bundle of nerves - we wouldnt

25、 know whatshappening. But we pay for our sensitivity.We can feel pain when theslightest thing is wrong with any part of our body. The history oftorture is based on the human body being open to pain.But there is a way to handle pain. Look at the Indian fakir ( 行僧 )who sits on a bed of nails. Fakirs c

26、an put a needle right through anarm, and feel no pain. This ability that some humans have developedto handle pain should give us ideas about how the mind can deal withpain.The big thing in withstanding pain is our attitude toward it. If thedentist says, This will hurt a little, it helps us to accept

27、 thepain. By staying relaxed, and by treating the pain as an interestingsensation (感觉), we can handle the painwithout falling apart. Afterall, although pain is an unpleasant sensation, it is still a sensation, and sensations are the stuff of life.(1) . The passage is mainly about.C. how to handle pa

28、in(2) . The sentence But we pay for our sensitivity. in the secondparagraph implies that.D. when we feel pain, we are suffering it(3) . When the author mentions the Indian fakir, he suggests that.C. some people are able to handle pain(4) . The most important thing to handle pain is.A. how we look at

29、 pain(5) . The authors attitude towards pain is.B. optimistic5. We get energy from the foods we eat. Our food supplies energy tokeep our organs working. Our food also supplies heat to warm ourbodies.The main energy foods are the carbohydrates ( 碳 水化合物). These aresugars and starch ( 淀粉 ). Wheat and r

30、ice are rich in starch and manyfruitsand vegetables contain considerable amount of sugar. Sweets,honey and jam are also rich in sugar.Like carbohydrates, fats are food that provides us with energy.Butter, margarine, certain types of fish, eggs, cooking oils and mostred meats are rich in fats. Fats c

31、an be stored in various parts ofthe body as reserves of energy. Because fats in general are slowlydigested, they satisfy hunger for long periods.Proteins ( 蛋白质 ) are very complex substances. The body needsproteins for the growth of new cells and for the repair andreplacement of old cells. Foods rich

32、 in proteins are essential to abalanced diet. Milk, some vegetables, meat, chicken, fish, cheese,grains and nuts are some foods rich in proteins.A good diet will contain a variety of foods so that the body containsall the minerals it needs for good health.Vitamins are necessary for the proper workin

33、g of the body. If we eata variety of foods, we can be sure of obtaining all the vitamins weneed.Water makes up about 70 per cent of the weight of the human body. Theaverage adult needs about two liters of water daily to replace thewater the body loses.(1) . Of the following substances, which are not

34、 used as sources ofenergy by living things?B. Vitamins(2) . If equal weight of the following substances is “ burned ” in thebody, the largest amount of energy is produced by.B. fats(3) . A boy grows five centimeters a year. The new material in hisbody has been built mainly from food called.C. protei

35、ns(4) . Which of the following is not true?B. Apple, butter and meat are rich in proteins.(5) . People can get all the minerals the body needs by.A. having a balanced diet6. There is a widespread belief that people who get on in life may besuccessful not because they deserve it, but because of influ

36、entialfriends or the right background. Sometimes it may just be acomforting and harmless belief, while at the other extreme it can bevery destructive. I once met a brilliant young engineer who worked ina chemical plant. Because of her knowledge and experience, she shouldhave been promoted to Product

37、ion Manager. Instead, the job went to aman who was totally unsuited for the post. Everyone knew that he onlygot it because he was politically acceptable to his superiors. Thisinjustice demoralized the young engineer and many of her colleagues.It also meant that the factory was much less efficient th

38、an it couldhave been.All the same, we should not be pessimistic. More and more, the modernworld depends on having people who are in the job because they aregood enough, not just because their face fits. There is a story of afactory owner who sent for an engineer to see to a machine, whichwould not g

39、o. He examined it, then took out a hammer and tapped it,once. The machine started up immediately.When he presented his bill,the owner protested, This cant be right! $100 just for tapping amachine with a hammer? The engineer wrote out a new bill: Fortapping a machine, $1; for knowing where to tap it,

40、 $99.(1) . It is believed that some people have succeeded in lifebecause.C. they have some special advantages(2) . The engineer at the chemical plant was not promoted because.D. her bosses did not approve of her political views and opinions(3) . The engineer who repaired the machine was right to cha

41、rge $100because.D. he was charging for his knowledge and expert skills(4) . The authors attitude toward the widespread belief is.B. negative(5) . According to the passage, which of the following is NOTTRUE?B. The engineer had good reason to overcharge the factory owner.7. There was a time when, if a

42、 lady got onto a crowded bus or train,a gentleman would immediately stand up and offer her his seat. Todaya gentleman will probably look out of the window or hide behind hisnewspaper. Either way, the lady will have to stand until someone getsoff.You can t entirely blame men for this change in manner

43、s. The daysare gone when women could be treated as the weaker sex. A wholegeneration of women has grown up demanding equality with men; notjust equality in jobs or education, but in social attitudes. Hold adoor open for some women and you re likely to get an angry lectureon treating women as inferio

44、rs, unable to open doors for themselves.Take a girl out for a meal and she ll probably insist on paying hershare of the bill. It s no wonder, then, that men have given up some of thegestures of politeness and consideration which they used to show towards women. Onthe other hand, man s politeness is

45、perhaps slowly being replaced by trueconsideration for the needs and feelings of women, so that men can see women asequal human beings.(1) . What do gentlemen now do when a lady gets on a crowded bus or train? ( ) C. They will pretend not to see her.(2) . Which of the following statements is true? (

46、 ) D. Men s attitudes towards women are reasonable(3) . Why are some women likely to get angry is a man holds the door open for them?( ) B. Because they think they are looked down upon.(4) . What is replacing men s gestures of politeness? ( ) B. More consideration for women s needs and feelings.(5)

47、. What can we learn from this passage? ( )D. Men are beginning to treat women as equal human beings.8. During the 19th century, scientists found that when certain partsof the brain of a person were hurt, he would lose the power of doingcertain things. And so people thought that each part of the brai

48、ndoes a different job. But modem research discovered that this is notso, for it is not easy to show exactly what each part of the braindoes. In the past fifty years there has been a great increase in theamount of research done on the brain. Scientists have found out theway the brain works is not so

49、simple as people in general may think.Chemists fell us that about 100 000 chemical changes take place inthe brain every second. Some recent researches also suggest that wecan remember everything that happens to us. We, may not be able tothink of the things we have heard and seen, but it is kept ther

50、e inthe storehouse ( 宝库 ) of the human brain. Earlier scientiststhought that is not true. As long as the brain is given plenty ofexercise, it keeps its power. It has been proved that an old personwho has always been active in the mind has a quicker mind than ayoung person who has only done physical

51、work without using much ofhis brain.(1) . In the 19th century, scientist found that a person would losethe power to do certain things ( ) B. if certain parts of his brain were hurt(2) . Scientists today are still unable to show exactly ( ). A. what each part of the brain is doing(3) . It has been fo

52、und that ones brain usually works ( ). D. more complicated than we thought(4) . Which of the following is NOT true according to the text? ( )C. A young man doing physical labor is sure to have a much slower min (5). The more work we give to our brains( ).8. the more work they are able to do9. Once u

53、pon a time, there lived a rich man. He had a servant ( 仆人 ). He and the servant loved wine and good food very much. Eachtime the rich man left his home, the servant would drink the wine andeat up all the nice food in the house. The rich man knew what hisservant did, but he had never caught his serva

54、nt doing that.One morning, when he left home, he said to the servant, “ Here aretwo bottles of poison ( 毒药 ) and some nice food in the house. Youmust take of them. ” With these words, he went out.But the servant knew that the rich man had said was untrue. After the rich man wasaway from his home, he

55、 enjoyed a nice meal. Because he drank too much, he wasdrunk and fell to the ground. When the rich man came back, he couldn t find hisfood and his wine. He became very angry. He woke the servant up. But the servanttold his story very well. He said a cat had eaten up everything. He was afraid to bepu

56、nished, so he drank the poison to kill himself.(1) . In the story, ( ) liked wine and good food very much.C. both A and B(2) . The rich man knew that it was ( ) that drank the wine and ate up all the nicefood. D. the servant(3) . The rich told the servant that there was poison in the two bottles, be

57、cause ( ). B. did not want the servant to drink his wine(4) . In fact, ( )ate all the nice food and drank the wine. A. the servant(5) . From the story, we know that the servant is very ( ) C. clever10. The Maryland Science Center is more than fun. You can enjoy thethree floors of exciting things, wa

58、tch the larger-than-life play onthe 4th floor, and travel to other words, to faraway stars, on the5th floor. Don t just look. You are expected to feel, to turn, topush. Build your own house and learn why it stands or falls. Usecomputers to work out plans just as famous scientists have done.There is always something new to learn at the Maryland Science Center.Children and group visitors enjoy half price. The excitement of theMaryland Science Center does not end when you leave. Visit theScience Store for a gift you d like to keep. Electronic jewelry,games, books, and more - take part