2023课标版英语高考第一轮专题练习--第一部分 主题三 人与自然

1、2023课标版英语高考第一轮专题练习第一部分 主题高频词主题三人与自然 子主题1自然生态一、阅读理解A2021辽宁临门一卷Scientists have assessed 78 mountain glacier-based water systems around the world and ranked the Asian water towers as the most threatened, according to a recently published study in the journal Nature.Scientists ranked the importance of t

2、he water systems to neighbouring lowland communities while assessing the vulnerability (脆弱性) to future environmental and socioeconomic changes. These water systems, known as mountain water towers, store and transport water via glaciers, snowpack, lakes and streams, therefore supplying invaluable wat

3、er resources to 1.9 billion people. The scientists analyzed the various factors that influenced how independent downstream communities were upon the supplies of water from these systems. They also assessed each water tower to determine the vulnerability of the water resources, as well as the people

4、and ecosystems that depended on them, based on predictions of future climate and socioeconomic changes. The paper said that global water towers are at risk due to the threats of climate change, growing populations and mismanagement of water resources.Among the 78 global water towers identified, Asia

5、n water towers that rely on river systems in the Third Pole region were ranked as the most threatened water towers."If temperatures increase two degrees Celsius globally, the Asian water towers could see a temperature hike as high as four degrees Celsius," said Prof. Yao Tandong, a scienti

6、st from the Chinese Academy of Sciences and also a co-author of the research, adding that by 2060 to 2070, rising temperatures due to climate change could lead to ever-stronger glacier reduction in the region.Since 2014, a network of 11 monitoring stations has been set up across the Third Pole regio

7、n to track meteorological (气象的) variables, such as air temperature, humidity, air pressure, precipitation (降水量) and winds, according to a comment published in Nature earlier this year. Data needs to be expanded on the water cycle by measuring the stable isotopes (同位素) of hydrogen and oxygen in water

8、 vapor.1.How did the scientists do the research?A. By identifying and sorting. B. By analyzing and assessing.C. By inquiring and comparing. D. By developing and testing systems.2.What influences the Asian water towers directly according to Yao Tandong?A. Lakes and streams. B. Rising temperatures.C.

9、Air pressure and wind. D. Mismanagement of water resources.3.Why do monitoring stations need to measure the stable isotopes?A. To track water cycle. B. To assess water quality.C. To test oxygen content in water.D. To figure out how much water is lost.4.What can be a suitable title for the text?A. As

10、ian water towers ranked the most threatened.B. The Third Pole region has affected many people.C. Asian water towers rely on many water resources.D. Scientists make some predictions of the future climate changes.B2021河南六市联考Antarctica is known for being a vast land of ice and snow, a place too cold fo

11、r most life. Despite this, the continent is slowly starting to turn warm. According to The Guardian, the Antarctic has registered a new high temperature for the first time on record, prompting fears of climate instability in the world's iciest place.On Feb. 9, Brazilian researchers at Seymour Is

12、land reported a temperature of 20.75 on the icy continent of Antarctica. It was almost a full degree higher than the previous record of 19.8, taken on Signy Island (西格尼岛) in January 1982.This record-breaking reading was taken at a monitoring station in the northern part of Antarctica. According to B

13、razilian soil scientist Carlos Schaefer, the temperature was documented during a 20-year-long research project. The focus of this project is to study the effect that climate change has on the permafrost (永久冻土) within the region. Permafrost is soil that stays frozen for at least two years. Although t

14、his is a first record high for Antarctica, Schaefer stressed, "We can't use this to anticipate climatic changes in the future. It's simply a signal that something different is happening in that area." But in fact, the last high temperature reading was in the 19 range. These higher

15、temperatures can cause ice and glaciers in Antarctic regions to melt. The Antarctic peninsula (半岛) the long finger of land that stretches towards Argentina is most dramatically affected. Scientists saw glaciers that have retreated by more than 100 meters in Discovery Bay where the snow melted in lit

16、tle more than a week, leaving dark exposed rock. This melted ice leads to a rise in sea levels that can threaten the safety of coastal areas. It's believed to be behind an alarming decline of more than 50 percent in chinstrap penguin (帽带企鹅) colonies, which are dependent on sea ice.Like American

17、writer Ernest Hemingway once said, "The Earth is a fine place and worth fighting for." We should do everything we can to help save our planet. Otherwise, it may become too hot for us to fix.5.What did Brazilian researchers report on Feb.9?A. Seymour Island is the warmest region in the Anta

18、rctic.B. Antarctica hit a record high temperature of 20.75.C. The average temperature of Antarctica ranges from 19.8 to 20.75.D. Antarctica's new record temperature is a full degree higher than the previous decade.6.What's the main purpose of the 20-year-long research project?A. To predict p

19、ossible climatic change in the future.B. To monitor Antarctica's contributions to world climate change.C. To explain why permafrost may cause glaciers to melt.D. To examine how permafrost is influenced by climate change.7.What does the underlined word "retreated" in Para.4 probably mea

20、n?A. Moved backward. B. Increased in size.C. Covered a certain area. D. Stretched in an opposite direction.8.According to the text, the melted glacier may lead to . A. the pollution of ocean water B. the release of various virusesC. threats to penguin habitats D. the disappearance of coastal ci

21、ties二、七选五2021山西联考Bees are extremely important to our health and survival. As pollinators (授粉者), they are responsible for about a third of the food we eat. However, the bee population worldwide are on the decrease. 1. Some bee species defend their hives (蜂巢) with large balls of heat.The body tem

22、perature of bees is typically similar to their surrounding environment. But within the hive, bees maintain a steady temperature of around 92-93 degrees Fahrenheit all the year round. Using their wings, bees can fan hot air out of the hive to cool an area. 2. When an enemy invades, together they will

23、 create a large ball around it to cook the invader alive. Bees help farmers grow better food and keep food prices down.Bees are highly efficient pollinators. When bees are employed to pollinate, the quantity and quality of the crops improve surprisingly. As the climate continues to change, many

24、 animals will move to more favorable habitats. 3. With the reducing numbers of bees, the cost of over 130 fruit and vegetable plants that we rely on for food in is going up in price. Policemen find murderers by studying bees.4. Similarly, criminals avoid committing crimes close to where they li

25、ve. Police can make reasonable guesses about where a suspect might live or visit regularly. 5. Bees are able to pick out individual characteristics on human faces and recognize them. This ability not only helps these highly social creatures recognize each other, but it also helps them reco

26、gnize and return to flowers they like best.A. Bees can recognize human facesB. Here are a few surprising facts about the amazing insectsC. Fortunately, you can take action to protect bees where you liveD. Honeybees live cooperatively and have a strict division of laborE. Bees generally leave flowers

27、 closest to their nest entrance untouchedF. But bees aren't adapting to changing temperatures like some other speciesG. They can move their flight muscles quickly and constantly to heat it as well子主题2 环境保护一、阅读理解A2021云南曲靖质检If you decide to become an environmentally-conscious businessman, you'

28、ll need to know what alternative eco-friendly packaging options are available. So, let's click and explore some sustainable packaging ideas for your company here!1.Recycled and Reusable Packing MaterialsRecycled cardboard and wrapping sheets are all readily available, being industry standard and

29、 made from earth-friendly organic materials. Using them has an instantly positive impact on the environment, as millions of tons of cardboard boxes are thrown away as garbage every year.Using recycled cardboard and paper will lessen this load and they can decompose easily, keeping the planet healthy

30、!2.Recycled PlasticIt's challenging when you have to choose a packing material for items that need extra support. Plastic, while environmentally-degrading, has long been an option for this, but the good news is that you can easily use recycled plastic from other plastic materials that have been

31、thrown away.These are much more eco-friendly and still check the box if you're looking for green packaging options!3.Eco-Friendly FillersBiodegradable packing peanuts are available which can be used instead of EPS or Styrofoam peanuts. They often work better than the regular ones and are easy on

32、 the environment as well. Similarly, bubble wrap is harmful to the environment, as it doesn't break up, though you can use an eco-friendly option in place of it. One of the many options that you can use is a wrap made out of up-cycled cardboard to serve the same purpose as the bubble wrap. For i

33、nsulation(分解), you can use air pillows made of recycled plastic too!4.Organic MaterialsCornstarch is an organic material taken from corn grains that has plastic-like qualities and can easily be used as a packaging material in many situations, making it a great option for sustainable packaging.Howeve

34、r, an even better organic option is mushroom packaging. With mushroom packaging, agricultural waste is added to mushroom roots to make organic packing materials. As it's made from organic wastes, this is a great biodegradable packaging option that also won't impact global food supplies!Other

35、 organic materials, such as seaweed, are additional eco-friendly packaging options to seriously consider.5. Organic FabricSometimes, businesses use plastic bags for packing the items, though this is very harmful to the environment. Instead, organic fabrics are an excellent sustainable packaging opti

36、on to consider. These fabrics include recycled cotton, hemp, tapioca, palm leaves and more. These bags are both reusable and very environmentally-friendly!1.The first paragraph may serve as . A. an introduction to the topic B. a conclusion of the passageC. a link between next two paragraphs D.

37、an argument of the opinion2.According to the passage, the best form of environmentally-friendly packaging may . A. cause fewer carbon emissions and little to no wasteB. have negative impact on the environmentC. be made of none-degradable materialsD. be reused and recycled with stable quality3.T

38、he following can be green packaging materials EXCEPT . A. used cotton and plant leaves B. Corn starch and seaweedC. cardboard boxes and mushroom rootsD. plastic and bubble wrap4.You may read this passage . A. in a sports magazine B. on a web pageC. from a tour guide D. in a sci-fiB2022河北邢台

39、联考Oceans hold a lot of mystery, even for people who study them. But it's no mystery why they're in trouble. We've been using them to hide our waste dumping oil, plastic, and poisonous chemicals into them for decades. We've exploited many fish stocks to levels so low that they can no

40、longer be harvested. Oceans are also a primary source of protein for millions of people worldwide. If we want to continue to enjoy what oceans provide, we need to do everything we can to protect them and the life they support. We should ensure the seafood we eat is sustainable.Of course, not everyon

41、e is lucky enough to be able to catch their own fish, which means having sustainable options at the store is critical. As public and corporate awareness about the risks caused by overfishing and uncontrolled sea farming expansion have grown, food tradesmen in Canada have developed sustainable seafoo

42、d policies and commitments. Seafood Progress, an online resource, is designed to help provide rewards to tradesmen and information to seafood lovers. It makes it easier for consumers in Canada to find out tradesmen's policies on sourcing sustainable seafood, whether they're sticking to those

43、 policies and how they're performing compared to their peers. But tradesmen must do more to ensure their seafood products are environmentally sustainable and socially responsible. This means expanding the scope of their commitments to cover all seafood products they sell, in all their stores. It

44、 is also necessary to continue to work with suppliers and producers to improve practices and make sure the sustainable seafood supply meets consumer demand.It's no mystery that if we want to continue to eat fish, we must do it responsibly. Seafood Progress has invited seafood tradesmen, supplier

45、s and consumers to join in pushing to achieve this goal.5.Which of the following contributes to oceans' being in trouble according to Paragraph 1?A. The ever-changing global climate.B. The mystery that people haven't studied.C. The overexploiting of the oceans.D. The continuous decrease of f

46、ish stocks.6.What can Seafood Progress do for consumers?A. Provide rewards to them. B. Urge them to stick to policies.C. Provide them with enough seafood.D. Let them know about tradesmen's policies.7.What does the underlined word "scope" in Paragraph 5 mean?A. Range. B. Chance. C. Risk

47、. D. Rate.8.How can we make seafood sustainable?A. Through expanding seafood production.B. By protecting all tradesmen's profit.C. By joint efforts of people involved in seafood.D. By making policies to control seafood consumers.二、语法填空2022河北石家庄二中考试World Animal Day is an international day with 1

48、commitment to awakening people's love for animals. Besides, it is a social movement 2(charge) with the mission of raising animals' status to improve welfare standards around the globe. Given the role 3 animals play in human beings' 4(survive) and development, caring for animals has becom

49、e an essential part of environmental protection work. World Animal Day coincides with the feast of Saint Francis of Assisi, the patron saint of ecology, including animals. 5 his honor, the day was chosen as World Animal Day, and 6(vary) kinds of commemorative 7(activity) were held around the wo

50、rld. China has been marking World Animal Day nationwide since 1997. At present, the extinction rate of global species 8(speed) up as never before. A report issued by the World Wildlife Fund (WFF) on September 10 showed that the natural environment had been 9(severe) damaged. From 1970 to 2016,

51、the global wild species population decreased by two-thirds on average, while the global vertebrate(脊椎动物)population decreased by 68% on average. Now it is high time that we took action 10(protect) our friends animals. After all, saving them means saving ourselves. 子主题3灾害防范一、阅读理解2021安徽合肥考试Su

52、mmer floods are an annual occurrence for many cities across China. According to the State Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters, in 2012, urban flooding affected 184 cities, while in 2013 the number was 234, and last year it was 125, it said. Now, new measures are being introduced to reduce

53、loss of life and the economic damage caused by flooding. One of the most effective measures to increase the efficiency of storm drains in cities would be to reduce the storm-water runoff and raise the levels of water filtration(过滤)and conservation in urban areas, experts said. To solve the problem o

54、f urban flooding once and for all, the central government has decided to push forward the "Sponge City" program, which in part borrows the experiences of low-impact development from the United States and Canada in recent years.The program will allow at least 60 percent of rainwater to soak

55、 into the ground, rather than being discharged into rivers. The level of filtration could be further raised in some areas with low levels of rainfall to increase the use of rainwater. The project includes the development of residential communities with storage ponds, filtration pools and wetlands, p

56、lus roads and squares built with materials that will allow storm water to soak into the ground more effectively, according to the guideline. "It would require a major shift in ideas about urban construction. Rainwater should be regarded as a resource, rather than a burden to be dealt with. Conc

57、epts of urban construction should shift from the destruction of the ecosystem to its renewal," Chen Zhenggao, former Minister of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, told a work conference in May. "If the urban runoff cannot be effectively filtered into the ground, the floods that follow w

58、ill cause the direct loss of life and property," he said. He also believes low-impact development represents the future of the country's urbanization drive. "Dealing with storm water is an issue of public security. Thus it should be a compulsory requirement when new urban areas are bei

59、ng planned and built," he said.1.The purpose of building a "Sponge City" is to . A. reduce the storm-water runoff in urban areasB. raise the levels of water filtration and conservationC. address the problem of urban flooding permanentlyD. achieve low-impact development with borrowed experiences2.What can we learn from Paragraph 3?A. At most 60% of rainwater is to soak into the ground.B. The level of filtration could