2020年中考英语之重点核心词汇详解专题6G、H字部

1、中考2020年中考英语复习之重点核心词汇详解专题六G、H字部1. general|比阳 adj.大体的，笼统的，总的，一般的关联词组：in general 总之； 一般而言； general public 公众；general idea 大意，梗概；general manager 总经理；general rule一般规则；通则in general 用法：作状语：The weather in Florida is warm in general.一般来说弗罗里达州的天气是暖和的。Q放在复数名词后作定语：People in general will support us.总体而言，人们会支持我们的

2、。词性转换：generally adv. 通常，一般地；普遍地：generally speaking=in general一般而言工王由（2019,浙江卷，阅读 D） Researchers in France took their research out into the street, to the general public.2. geography£ JL与In.地理（学），地形关联词组：a geography lesson/teacher/textbook 地理课 / 老师 / 课本词性转换： geographical=geographic adj. 地理（学）的； g

3、eographically adv.在地理上；地理学上工工£61（2019 , 江苏卷， 阅读填空）Over the years, the system developed into different forms, as it wasa time when people were d 70 geographically , leading to different dialects（方言 ）andcharacters.3. gold |n.黄金:金色；adj.金质的；金（黄）色的关联词组： gold medal 金牌；gold mine 金矿；pure gold 纯金；gold r

4、ing/watch/coin金戒指/表/币用法：gold作化学元素、物质名词时，是不可数名词；表示“金色”时，可作可数名词，例如：I love the reds and golds of autumn.我喜欢秋天的火红色和金黄色。gold和golden的区别：词性上看，gold可作名词，也可作形容词；golden只作形容词Ogold修饰名词时，是名词作定语，主要指由金制造的东西，侧重材料；也可以形容词身份修饰名词，表示"金色的"：Do you like the gold car?你喜欢这两金色的车吗？ golden修饰名词时，文学色彩浓厚，往往带有比喻意义，表示“黄金般的”

5、、“宝贵的”、“美好的”、“很有前途的”等意义，例如： golden age黄金时期；golden chance 绝好机会（4一些习惯使用 golden的情形：golden hair 金发；golden egg/apple金蛋/苹果工工上冏（2019,山东卷，阅读 C） The king was wild with joy. He ran around his palace and touched everything he saw. Everything was turned into gold !4. governmentn.政府关联词组： central government中央政府；l

6、ocal government 地方政府； government official 政府官员词性转换：governmental adj. 政府的；govern v. 管理；统治；governor n.管理者；统治者；地方长官governments.（2019,浙江卷，阅读 D） Big data can have different kinds of information from many sources, such as information that comes from schools, social media sites, companies and5. greeting隙n.

7、祝贺；问候关联词组：greeting card 贺卡用法：通常搭配的动词有send （发送），exchange （交换）；常用作复数 greetings ,表示"贺词"、"问候的话”：Christmas/birthday greetings 圣诞/生日贺词词性转换：greet v.问候，打招呼（2019, d匕京卷， 短文阅读） A gift is necessary when one is invited to visit friends in China. After greetings , the gift should be passed immediat

8、ely to the host.6. grow|加2dv.生长；发展；种植；变成词形变化：过去式 grew, 过去分词 grown关联词组：grow up 长大，成长； grown into 成长为； grow rice/vegetables/flowers 种水稻/蔬菜/花；grow old 变老用法：grow表示"增长”含义时，常用语 a growing number of的结构，意味"越来越多的”：A growing number of people are going vegetarian.越来越多的人开始吃素了。词性转换：growth n. 增长；发展；生长；种植

9、： the growth of population 人口增长（2019,北京卷，完形）And moments of failure like this build 20 since then I ' ve learned to face disappointment and grown stronger.20. A. trustB. prideC. characterD. support7. guardn.警戒，保卫；保护装置;v.保卫名词词组:动词词组:security guard guard againstkeep guard 站岗;guard dog 看门狗防止，提防（2019

10、, 重庆卷，阅读 A） U.S companies pay almost $10 billion a year to protect their property with alarm systems and human guards .8. habit法存n.习惯；习性关联词组：good/bad habit好/坏习惯；form the habit of养成白习惯；living habit生活习惯；eatinghabit饮食习惯；out of habit 出于习惯；break the habit 改掉习惯词性转换：habitual adj.习惯的，习以为常的；habitually adv. 惯

11、常，习惯地（2019,山东卷，单项填空）5.My brother has a healthy livinghabit . He stays up late, and he is an early bird.A. usually B. hardlyC. oftenD. always9. hang |工；?曰v.悬挂;垂落；吊着；把吊起词形变化：过去式 hung,过去分词hung关联词组：hang on坚持下去；握住不放；不挂断；hang out闲逛；hang up （the phone） 挂断电话；hangonto依附；紧紧抓住用法：hang可作及物动词，接名词或代词作宾语；也可作不及物动词，其

12、主动形式含有被动意义。例如：You may hang your coat on the hook.你可以把夕卜套挂在钩子上。All the shirts hang together in the same wardrobe.所有的衬衫都挂在同一个衣橱里。工工gMi（2019,浙江卷，词汇运用）44. We（ 很少地hang out at weekends recently.10.happen |邓上 v.（偶然）发生；碰巧表示“某地（某时）发生了什么事”，常用“ sth.+ happen +地点/时间”句型，此时主语为事情。例如： The story happened in 1998.这个故事

13、发生在 1998 年。表示“某人出了某事（常指不好的事）"，常用" sth.+ happen+to sb."这一结构来表达。例如：A car accident happened to her this morning.今天上午她发生了 交通事故。What happened to you?=what ' s wrong with you? 你怎么啦 ？（3表示“某人碰巧做某事"，常用" sb.+ happen+ to do sth. "来表达。例如：I happened to meet a friend of mine in t

14、he street yesterday.昨天我碰巧在街上遇至 U 了 我的个朋友。©表示“碰巧或恰巧发生某事”时，还可用" It happens/happened that. "这一结构来表达。例如：It happened that Brian and Peter were at home that day.碰巧那天布莱恩和彼得在家了。注：that从句中的主语是人时，该结构可与" sb.+ happen + to do sth.”结构互换。例如：It happened that Brian and Peter were at home that day.

15、= Brian and Peter happened to be at home that day.词性转换：happening n.发生的事（常用复数）：There have been strange happenings here lately.这儿最近发生了一些怪事。I ESI更由（2019,浙江卷，完形填空）How did thishappen? I 17 we were friends.17. A. foundB. admitted C. realizedD. thought11. hard出SJ adj.硬的；困难的；努力的；adv.努力地；艰难地；猛烈地形容词词组：hard di

16、sk 硬盘；hard drive硬盘驱动器；have a hard time过得艰难；hard copy 硬拷贝;复印件副词词组：work hard努力工作（学习）；try hard 努力hard 和 hardly 区别：dhard既是形容词，又是自己的副词，表示“努力的（地）”、“猛烈的（地）”；（2hardly只作副词，其词义与hard相去甚远，指“几乎不”，表示否定概念。试比较：He works hard. 他努力工作。He hardly works. 他几乎不工作。词性转换：hardness n. 硬度；harden v. 硬化；变硬；hardship n. 困苦，艰难险阻；同义词：d

17、ifficult adj. 困难的反义词：soft adj. 软的；温柔的；easy adj.容易的，简单的工少齿1（2019, 浙江卷，完形）Over three weekends of hard work, Sally turned her design into a real, working go-kart and painted it light blue.12. health |n.健康，卫生 .关联词组：health care卫生保健；physical health身体健康； mental health心理健康； World HealthOrganization 世界卫生组织词性

18、转换：healthy adj.健康的，健全的；healthily adv. 健康地；healthiness n. 健康，健全同义词：fitness n. 健康；适当工2:加（2019,山东卷，单项填空）21. Tennis can exercise all of our muscles （肌肉）.And it requires to spend time withothers. This is good for ourhealth , too.A. oursB. usC. we13. hear | E石匕v.听到；听说词形变化：过去式 heard ,过去分词 heard关联词组：hear fr

19、om sb.收到某人的信；hear about听说，得知；hear of听说过dhear与listen 的区别：hear强调"听见”，即听的结果；listen 强调听的动作；（2 hear sb. do sth.表示听到某人做某事的全过程； hear sb. doing sth.强调听到某人正在做某事。试比较：我可以听见隔壁有人在欢快地唱歌。I heard him sing a song yesterday.昨天我听见他唱了支歌。I could hear people singing happily next door.工工不石，（2019,江苏卷，单项填空）9.Could you

20、speak in a loud voice so that I canA. quickly B. happily C. slowly14. heat后冷n.热，高温；v.加热；使激动hear you?D. clearly词组：heat wave 热浪；heat stroke 中暑;heat up加热词性转换：heated adj. 热的；激动地，激烈的：heated discussion激烈的讨论；heater n.加热器（2019,山东卷，动词应用）The accident also causedheated discussions on the Internet.15. heavy|出阳

21、adj.(沉)重的；大量的，严重的用法：除了可指重量之外，heavy常用来表示数量、程度或严重性之大，常见搭配有：heavy traffic拥挤的交通；heavy rain/snow 大雨/雪；heavy drinking/smoking 大量饮酒 /吸烟词性转换：heavily adv.沉重地；猛烈地；heaviness n. 沉重；沉闷反义词：light adj. 轻的工注£岳1(2019,江苏卷，阅读 B)26. What does the table above show?A. How heavy an egg can be.C. How to make an egg sin

22、k.16. help心弟;v.&n.帮助，帮忙动词词组：help oneself (to sth.)情不自禁B. How long to cook an egg in a pan.D. How to check the age of an egg.自用(食物)，自取所需；can' t help (doing sth.) 忍不住(做)，名词词组：with the help of sb.=with sb. ' s help 在的帮助下；ask for help寻求帮助Qhelp作动词时，即是及物动词，也是不及物动词。常用结构有help (sb.) with+名词，help

23、(sb.) in doingsth. , help (sb.) (to) do sth.(接不定式时可以省略to ):He always helps (her) with the housework.他总是帮着(她)做家务。She helped (me) (to) organize the party.她协助(我)筹备了晚会。O help做名词时，表示“帮助”时，常接介词with ；还可以指“有帮助的人或物”，这时常接介词to ：Your advice was a big help to me.你的建议对我很有帮助。词性转换：helpful adj.有帮助的，有益的； helpfully ad

24、v.有益地，有用地；helpless adj. 无助的；没用的；helplessly adv.无助地，无能为力地(2019,北京卷，短文阅读)I was mortified. My hands were shaking. I couldn'thelp crying 16.16. A. sadlyB. shylyC. excitedlyD. nervously17. hideI E；-v.把藏起来；隐藏词形变化：过去式 hid ,过去分词hidden关联词组：hide and seek 捉迷藏用法：hide可作及物动词表示“把藏起来，隐瞒”，也可作不及物动词，表示“隐藏，隐瞒”。常用的介

25、词搭配有：hide (sb./sth.) in /under/behind (把)藏于； hide (sb./sth.) from sb.hidden trouble/danger隐患对隐瞒：Do not hide your fear from yourself.词性转换：hidden adj. 隐藏的: 工工£劭(2019,湖南卷，语法填空)不要对自己隐瞒你的恐惧。hidden abilities within you.22. Keep trying,you might surprisingly findA. butB. andC. or近代史；history museum 历历史

26、的；史学的；基于史实18. historyn.历史；历史学关联词组：in history在历史上；human history 人类历史； modern history史博物馆；history teacher 历史老师词性转换：historic adj.有历史意义的；历史上著名的； historical adj.的；historically adv.注意 historic 和 historical 的区别， 历史、史学、过去的事实。试比较： Today is a historic day for our country.He has been doing some historical stud

27、y.工工不石，（2019年，江苏卷，词汇检测）43. Amy and Annie will go on a natural 19. hit|比!上v.打，撞，击中词形变化：过去式 hit ,过去分词hit历史上地；从历史观点上说historic通常表示具有重要历史意义的；今天是我国具有历史意义的日子。他一直在进行史学研究。history walk nexthistorical通常表示涉及（星期日）他的头碰了低矮的天花板。用法：hit sb./sth. with sth.用击打； hit sth. on/against sth.使（身体部位）撞到（某物）He hit his head on th

28、e low ceiling.熟词僻义：hit作名词时，除了表示“击，打”，还可表示“很受欢迎的人（或事）His new record is a real hit.他的新专辑极为成功，引起轰动。近义词：beat v.（敲）打工工£女（2019 年，山东卷，动词应用）Liu hit the driver with her phone and prevented the driver from driving the bus safely.20. holdI E；羔物v.拿，抱，握住；进行，举行词形变化：过去式 held ,过去分词held关联词组：hold on=hang on 别挂断；

29、等一下； hold up 举起；hold back 隐瞒；抑制；hold onto=hang onto 抓住不放用法：hold除了表示“拿，握，抱”等肢体动作的含义，还经常用来表示“进行，举行，举办”的意思，常见搭配有 hold a meeting/party/competition 等。工工王1由（2019 年，山东卷，完形） Then jump straight up as high as you can after the squat position, holding your arms up directly over your head.21.honest费EERadj.诚实的，正

30、直的 关联词组：to be honest 老实说dhonest前面的不定冠词要用an,不用 a： an honest man ;2 be honest with sb. 对某人诚实；be honest about sth. 坦诚（不隐瞒）某事词性转换：honesty n. 诚实，正直； honestly adv. 诚实地，正直地：honestly (speaking尸tobe honest老实说反义词：dishonest adj.不诚实的，不老实的工（2019 年，湖北卷，短文填空） To be honest, if I compare China with the US, my answer

31、 has always been the same: "We are not worse or better than each other; we are only different.”22.honourHZQn.荣誉，荣耀；尊敬美式拼写：honor关联词组：in honour of 为纪念；for the honour of 为了的声誉；have the honour of 有幸guest of honour 贵宾用法：复数形式 honours ,特指“优异成绩"：graduate with honours以优异成绩毕业词性转换：honoured adj. 受尊敬的；

32、honourable adj.荣誉的，值得尊敬的反义词： dishonour n. 耻辱，丢脸工工事历1（2019 年，湖北卷，阅读 C） We encourage our kids to take honors courses （培优课程）or to have after-school jobs.23.human|二曰.n.人类:adj.人的，人类的关联词组： human body/brain 人体/ 月百；human being 人； 人类； human nature 人性用法：human也可以作名，BJ,此时 human=human being ,意为"人，人类"。词

33、性转换：humanly adv. 像人地；以人力； humanity n. 人类；人道工工牙位1（2019 年，d匕京卷，阅读 D） Nowadays, smart machines give us access to mosthumanknowledge.24.humorousI萋曰adj.幽默的关联词组：humorous stories 幽默故事词性转换：humorously adv.幽默地，滑稽地；humour=humor n. 幽默：sense of humour 幽默感；black humour黑色幽默工工不石，（2019年，江苏卷，阅读 A）27. What does the underlined wordaresolution " mean in the passage?A. Promise. B. Entertainment.C. Humour D. Secret.25.hungry| E以adj.（饥）饿的；渴望的用法：hungry通常引申为"渴望的”，常用句式有 be hungry for sth. 或be hungry to do sth.She is hungry for success.她渴望成功。She was hungry to learn.她渴望学习。词性转换：hunger n.